Deck 5: Ethics and Aging in America

Question 1

With the aging of the baby boomers, demand for quality long-term care will__________

Answer 1

increase.

Question 2

People who have difficulties getting in and out of bed, toileting, dressing, and eating are received the ADL coding, which stands for __________

Answer 2

activities of daily living.

Question 3

The term for programs that assist elderly with managing chronic illness and emphasize is aging in the home is__________

Answer 3

palliative care.

Question 4

Respect for human dignity and providing the greatest independence while managing chronic illness is the goal of __________

Question 5

The majority of elder care for those who are not in nursing homes is provided by __________

Question 6

Private long-term care insurance is expensive. However, even when costs are reduced only__________ of older Americans will be able to afford it.

Question 7

Dr. Ray suggests that access to long-term care, including palliative care is a part of __________

Question 8

History judges cultures by how they treat their elders. An issue for the United States elder care industry is balancing__________ and __________

Question 9

When older citizens are committed to nursing homes and deplete their assets __________, they can qualify for Medicaid.

Question 10

Pope Francis advocates for access to health care for all as part of__________

Question 11

List three reasons why the demand for palliative care will continue to increase.

Question 12

If palliative care is proven to be more cost-effective can it be promoted as both economical and ethical? Give at least two examples from Mill's theory to support your answer.

Question 13

There is concern from some groups that care for elderly populations violate distributive justice because this population requires more resources than other groups. Using your knowledge of ethics theory and principles, present argument that supports or refutes this statement.

Question 14

Contreraz and Gardner-Ray believe there will be a need for huge improvements in healthcare for which of the following reasons?

A) The current system will be unaffordable for most Americans.
B) The baby boomers will soon be in need of long-term care services.
C) There are not enough healthcare workers to take care of the American population.
D) Many ethical issues are being brought light.

Question 15

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA 2010) resulted from which of the following?

A) A large number of lawsuits that occurred from lack of quality healthcare.
B) Several protests among the healthcare system that occurred in the late 20^th century.
C) Bills that were introduced in Congress in 1980 and 1990.
D) A disproportionate number of long-term care facilities available for the older adults in need.

Question 16

Which of the following was one of the elements that led to the demand for quality health care?

A) The results of patient satisfaction surveys that were negative over a ten-year period.
B) An increase in the cost of healthcare by insurance companies.
C) Documentation required by Medicare in long-term care facilities.
D) The large number of adult children providing care or arranging care for their aged parents.

Question 17

The nurse is assessing a patient at the hospital for long-term care needs and found the patient requires help with toileting and bathing only. The nurse should classify the patient as needing which of the following?

A) instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) limitations
B) activities of daily living (ADLs) dependent
C) bathroom assistance
D) personal care assistance

Question 18

Which of the following resulted from the legislation that was enacted by Congress in 1982, providing funding for hospice care benefits?

A) More older adults continued to live in their homes instead of facilities.
B) The National Hospice Study was conducted.
C) Funding for hospice services increased dramatically.
D) The funding was ultimately repealed.

Question 19

Which of the following is one of the major goals of palliative care programs?

A) To end suffering from pain and disability.
B) To keep adult children from having to directly care for their aging parents.
C) To meet the patients needs by providing special staff.
D) To decrease costs of hospice care.

Question 20

Aging-in-place programs have resulted in which of the following changes?

A) Increased palliative care cases of the older adult population.
B) Decreased percentage of older adults requiring long-term care.
C) The percentages of overall older adults requiring palliative and long-term care.
D) The predictions of how many older adults will require long-term care in the future.

Question 21

The amount of people who will require long-term care is difficult to formulate mostly because of which of the following?

A) unknown deaths that will occur
B) advances in health care, the environment and lifestyle changes that will improve health
C) diseases and illnesses that have not yet been discovered
D) possible changes to healthcare coverage that may occur in the future, which could result in an
Increased or decreased number of people receiving care

Question 22

Which of the following may result in more people developing late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD)?

A) Decreased deaths occurring from cardiac diseases.
B) Lack of quality long-term care available for the number of older adults.
C) The number of aging baby boomers.
D) The increased change in demographics in America.

Question 23

Which of the following is correct when comparing and contrasting long-term care need and palliative care initiatives?

A) Both require the patient to be functionally dependent due to a medical or mental limitation.
B) Both require the patient to be 65-years old or older to receive care.
C) Long-term care accepts Medicare, Medicaid and private insurances where palliative care
Is provided by just Medicare.
D) Palliative care assists with chronic illnesses while long-term care provides cognitive and
Functional total care.

Question 24

Which of the following is true regarding how demographic factors are predicted to change the need for long-term care?

A) Increased healthcare services and governmental financing will be necessary.
B) The increased number of minorities will decrease the need for long-term care because
This demographic typically takes care of family members at home.
C) The percentage of minorities will increase causing an increased need for healthcare providers
Because this demographic has higher risks of illness.
D) A decrease in care will be seen because people will be more educated which leads to lesser
Disabilities.

Question 25

Which of the following correctly analyzes the issues of the costs of care related to long-term and palliative care?

A) Most people age 65 and older either cannot afford or do not qualify for assistance by government programs for long-term health and palliative care.
B) The majority of costs for government assisted programs like Medicare is due to long-term and palliative care and is projected to triple by the year 2050.
C) Out-of-pocket expenses by families and individuals accounted for the majority of the 1995 nursing home care bill.
D) Government assisted palliative care results in decreased hospital readmissions, but does not
Save the hospitals any money overall, therefore these programs are difficult to justify.

Question 26

Which of the following may justify a demand for increased governmental support to pay for long-term care in the future?

A) Increase push for home health care.
B) Increase in Veterans requiring care.
C) Decreased access to private insurance.
D) A lack of traditional family structure.

Question 27

Which of the following is the commonality among assisted-living facilities, life care at home (LCAH) and continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs)?

A) All three accept Medicaid as a form of payment and have caused an increase in government spending.
B) They were all implemented to allow persons requiring long-term care to receive the care in a
Home-like environment.
C) All three have been highly successful, requiring private insurance and are geared towards the upper class.
D) They were all created to serve disabled persons. who require assistance with medications,
Meals, and housekeeping services.

Question 28

A 55-year-old patient had a stroke with left-sided paralysis, requires long-term care, but has no insurance and lives paycheck to paycheck on a single-person income which will no longer exist. The patient would be eligible for which of the following types of payment options for the long-term care?

A) Older Americans Act
B) Medicare
C) Medicaid
D) Social Security's Title XX

Question 29

Which of the following do most older patients do when long-term care is necessary and the patient is not poor enough to qualify for government assistance

A) hide money in order to appear poor enough to qualify
B) spend money on bills until the patient is poor enough to qualify
C) pay for private insurance and then switch to government assistance once the patient qualifies
D) apply for other funding like, Older Americans Act, which does not require a certain income threshold to qualify

Question 30

Which of the following applies most to the reason why long-term care lacks an appropriate amount of funding?

A) Congress created a cap on Medicaid spending for long-term care and care of the disabled.
B) Many proposals have been created and then failed to be successful.
C) Ageing baby boomers continue to cause long-term care costs to increase and consistently be insufficient.
D) Programs that have been proposed have been deemed far too costly and never get voted into
Law)

Question 31

Which of the following will be necessary to solve the issue of older adults having access to general long-term care or palliative care?

A) A proposal that is affordable for the majority of older adults and the government.
B) The American Coalition of Citizens with Disabilities needs to form a powerful political alliance with organizations that represent millions of older adults.
C) Political awareness needs to emerge once the baby boomers require long-term and palliative
Care.
D) Long-term care needs to be recognized by the public and the government as necessary health care.

Question 32

Which of the following applies to the rebirth in cost-cutting measures for Medicare and Medicaid?

A) The reform and repeal of the ACA 2010.
B) The states having more responsibility to decrease costs.
C) Older adults having higher-than-normal healthcare needs.
D) The repeal of the CLASS Act.

Question 33

The U.S. Congress enacted legislation that lead to hospice care throughout the United States.