Question 1

In the Community Development Approach, the psychologist ______.&#10;A) formulates ideas for change&#10;B) leads change within communities&#10;C) provides the community with the necessary resources&#10;D) serves as an agent of change

Accepted Answer

In the Community Development Approach, the psychologist serves as an agent of change, facilitating and guiding the process rather than leading it directly or providing resources. This role involves empowering the community to identify and implement changes themselves.

Question 2

Over the past twenty years there has emerged increasing interest in developing a community health psychology. As in community psychology itself, there are different orientations. The more ______ focuses on processes within the community.

A) social approach
B) critical approach
C) accommodationist approach
D) descriptive approach

C

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Which philosopher introduced the 'banking' model of education which later became influential in the critical approach to community development?&#10;A) Karl Marx&#10;B) Paulo Freire&#10;C) Noam Chomsky&#10;D) John Locke

Accepted Answer

Paulo Freire introduced the 'banking' model of education, which critiques traditional education methods as being too top-down and not engaging enough with the student's perspective. This concept has been influential in the development of critical pedagogy and community development approaches.

Question 4

Liberation psychology draws its inspiration from the liberation theology developed by the worker-priest movement in different countries in Latin America during the 1950s and 1960s. This movement was given wider currency within psychology by which priest who was murdered by the Salvadoran army for his campaigning work in defence of the poor?

A) Ignacio Martin-Baro
B) Samuel Ruiz
C) Jon Sobrino
D) Pedro Casaldáliga

Accepted Answer

Ignacio Martin-Baro was a Jesuit priest and psychologist who significantly contributed to the development of liberation psychology. He was murdered by the Salvadoran army in 1989 for his work and advocacy on behalf of the poor and marginalized in El Salvador.

Question 5

Which of the following are key elements to liberation psychology?&#10;A) Psychology need to focus more on the needs of the masses.&#10;B) Psychology needs to consider what psychosocial processes look like from the perspective of the oppressed.&#10;C) Psychology needs to consider itself as an agent of positive social change.&#10;D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

Liberation psychology emphasizes the role of psychology in addressing the needs and perspectives of oppressed groups and in acting as a force for positive social change. It advocates for a shift in focus towards the collective needs and experiences of marginalized populations, understanding their psychosocial dynamics, and leveraging psychology as a tool for societal improvement. Thus, all the options listed are key elements of liberation psychology.

Question 6

Which of the following refers to the community's ability to support empowerment through participation of local organizations and networks?&#10;A) Environmental support&#10;B) Social capital&#10;C) Ecological empowerment&#10;D) Social power

Accepted Answer

Social capital refers to the networks, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society's social interactions. It enables communities to work together effectively through mutual support, participation, and trust, thereby supporting empowerment and community development.

Question 7

Which of the following is a criticism of the community development approach to health promotion?&#10;A) The notion of what the 'community' means is problematic.&#10;B) Health promotion initiatives using this approach have the potential to come into conflict with interests that lie with the status quo.&#10;C) Projects using this approach have been scrutinized for limited measurable outcomes when evaluating impact.&#10;D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are criticisms of the community development approach to health promotion. The concept of 'community' can be vague and difficult to define, initiatives can challenge existing power structures and interests, and measuring the outcomes of such projects can be challenging.

Question 8

______ is a type of evaluation which assesses the changes brought about by an intervention.&#10;A) Outcome evaluation&#10;B) Process evaluation&#10;C) Staff evaluation&#10;D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Outcome evaluation assesses the changes that occur as a result of an intervention, focusing on the end results or outcomes of programs or services.

Question 9

______ is a type of evaluation which assesses how and why the intervention worked.&#10;A) Outcome evaluation&#10;B) Process evaluation&#10;C) Staff evaluation&#10;D) None of these

Accepted Answer

Process evaluation assesses the implementation of a program, focusing on how and why an intervention works, including its delivery and the factors affecting its performance.

Question 10

Which of the following is a term coined by Crawford (1980) to refer to the ideology that situates health and disease within the context of the individual which can potentially raise the risk of medicalizing everyday life?

A) Healthism
B) Individualism
C) Health promotion
D) Disease prevention

Accepted Answer

Healthism is the term coined by Crawford in 1980, which refers to the ideology that places the responsibility for health and disease on the individual, emphasizing personal choices and behaviors as the primary determinants of health. This perspective can lead to the medicalization of everyday life, where normal variations in health and behavior are increasingly seen as requiring medical intervention.

Deck 16: Health Promotion