Deck 14: Therapy

Question 1

Focusing on the first thing that comes into a person's mind when they are asked to just "talk" is the basis of ________.

A) catharsis
B) countertransference
C) transference
D) free association

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to Freud, which part of the mind has strong defense mechanisms that block unconscious thought from becoming conscious?

A) ego
B) superego
C) id
D) conscience

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A process in psychoanalysis in which a patient is unwilling or unable to discuss or reveal certain memories, thoughts, motives, or experiences is called ________.

A) countertransference
B) transference
C) resistance
D) counterresistance

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to a psychodynamic therapist, the attaching of unresolved emotions and attitudes from past relationships onto the therapist is called ________.

A) transference
B) countertransference
C) projection
D) displacement

Question 5

In psychoanalysis, interpretation ________.

A) is when the analyst finds patterns in the information provided by the patient
B) is the analyst's judgment of the patient's failure to find a cathartic breakthrough
C) can occur at any time that the patient thinks it will be effective or useful
D) is the patient's presentation of the analyst's problems in a new light or manner

Question 6

Which approach to psychotherapy emphasizes conscious processes and current problems?

A) humanistic
B) psychodynamic
C) eclectic
D) hypnosis

Question 7

Which of the following is true about modern psychodynamic theory?

A) It takes much longer to be effective.
B) The patient is treated face-to-face.
C) It focuses more on the unconscious and less on early childhood.
D) The patient is treated while lying down on a couch.

Question 8

Which of the following individuals is associated with the psychodynamic model?

A) Albert Ellis
B) Aaron T. Beck
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Karen Horney

Question 9

Which of these is a type of psychodynamic therapy that focuses on relieving immediate symptoms?

A) cognitive therapy
B) interpersonal therapy
C) gestalt therapy
D) humanistic therapy

Question 10

Interpersonal theory focuses primarily on a client's ________.

A) past failed relationships with others
B) current relationships
C) internal feelings
D) early childhood

Question 11

Of the following options, for which would interpersonal therapy (IPT) be the LEAST appropriate choice?

A) eating disorders
B) substance addiction
C) depression
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 12

Rogerian therapists create a therapeutic relationship by focusing on the following important qualities of communication:

A) sympathy, conditional positive regard, genuineness, and active listening.
B) sympathy, conditional positive regard, genuineness, and passive listening.
C) empathy, unconditional positive regard, analysis, and active listening.
D) empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and active listening.

Question 13

The therapist who attends to body language and listens for cues to help her or him understand the emotional experiences of clients is using ________.

A) sympathy
B) emotional bonding
C) empathy
D) unconditional positive regard

Question 14

Which of these refers to paying complete attention to another individual by reflecting, paraphrasing, and clarifying what a person says and means?

A) speaker-centered listening
B) speaker-focused listening
C) unconditional positive listening
D) active listening

Question 15

A client just reports to his therapist that he has cheated on his wife. The therapist refrains from making any character judgments about his patient. This represents ________.

A) active listening
B) unconditional positive regard
C) genuineness
D) empathy

Question 16

Melissa states to her therapist that she feels a great fear and hate towards her ex-husband. Her therapist then states, "So you dislike your husband and are afraid of him." This is an example of ________.

A) active listening
B) unconditional positive regard
C) genuineness
D) empathy

Question 17

Whereas psychoanalysis focuses on ________, cognitive psychology focuses on ________.

A) insight; negative self-talk
B) relationships; insight
C) negative self-talk; the unconscious
D) negative self-talk; relationships

Question 18

According to your text, negative self-talk can have which of the following outcomes?

A) increased depression
B) increased motivation
C) manic episodes
D) hallucinations

Question 19

"I just need to put in a little more time studying, and I am sure I will pass the test next time." This statement is characteristic of what stage in Ellis's REBT model?

A) activating event
B) irrational belief
C) emotional consequence
D) disputing irrational belief

Question 20

Samara's fiancée just broke up with her. In Ellis's REBT model, this represents the ________.

A) activating event
B) irrational belief
C) emotional consequence
D) disputing irrational belief

Question 21

Ellis's therapy emphasizes doing which of the following in order to change maladaptive emotions?

A) identifying erroneous beliefs
B) uncovering erroneous beliefs
C) disputing erroneous beliefs
D) revealing erroneous beliefs

Question 22

In Aaron Beck's model of cognitive therapy, grossly underestimating the importance of major life events or circumstances is called ________.

A) minimization
B) overgeneralization
C) magnification
D) denial

Question 23

Discovering that negative attitudes are largely a product of faulty thought processes is an important part of ________.

A) Perls's gestalt therapy
B) Beck's cognitive-behavioral therapy
C) Freud's psychoanalysis
D) Rogers's humanistic therapy

Question 24

The first part of CBT, the "cognitive" part, consists of ________.

A) recognizing and keeping track of thoughts
B) identifying and pursuing pleasurable activities
C) changing maladaptive thought patterns
D) identifying and pursuing sensation-seeking activities

Question 25

When used in treating depression, the second part of CBT, the "behavioral" part, consists of ________.

A) keeping thought records
B) identifying and pursuing pleasurable activities
C) changing maladaptive thought patterns
D) identifying and pursuing sensation-seeking activities

Question 26

In Aaron Beck's proposed cognitive triad, a person may develop symptoms of depression due to ________.

A) ongoing negative thoughts about themselves
B) conflicts in close personal relationships
C) a genetic predisposition to depression
D) anxieties related to their ultimate fate

Question 27

According to Beck's formulation, what psychological disorder is linked to increased negative thoughts?

A) depression
B) phobic disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 28

Lily covers her husband's alcohol-related work absences by lying to his boss. A behavior therapist is most likely to say that Lily's problem is ________.

A) her own unconscious issues related to past substance abuse
B) best treated by attending Al-Anon meetings
C) her husband's alcohol-related behavior
D) lying to her husband's boss

Question 29

Which one of the following lists steps in systematic desensitization?

A) learning to think rationally about phobias, starting with the most feared object
B) arranging anxiety-arousing stimuli into a hierarchy from most to least arousing
C) practicing relaxation to anxiety-arousing stimuli, starting at the top of the hierarchy
D) practicing relaxation to anxiety-arousing stimuli, starting at the bottom of the hierarchy

Question 30

The use of computer technology to provide exposure to feared objects during systematic desensitization is called ________.

A) simulation modeling
B) virtual reality therapy
C) simulation therapy
D) visualized reality therapy

Question 31

One of the most successful applications of shaping has been with ________.

A) developing language skills in children with autism
B) helping women overcome domestic violence
C) helping men overcome anger management issues
D) developing language skills in children with ADHD

Question 32

The use of a token economy in an inpatient treatment facility involves giving people tokens that can be exchanged for ________.

A) primary rewards
B) secondary rewards
C) monetary rewards
D) intangible rewards

Question 33

Jordin, an adolescent who is in a residential substance abuse program, is participating in a token economy in which she receives small rewards, like her favorite snacks, when she attends group therapy. Over time, it is likely that ________.

A) she will receive a reward only when she actually participates in the group and the rewards will ultimately be discontinued
B) the program will have to increase the rewards to get her to actually participate in the group
C) she will come to demand rewards for virtually any behavioral expectation the program presents
D) the program will have to resort to punishment, which is more effective in shaping desired behaviors

Question 34

According to your text, behavior therapy has been found to be quite effective in dealing with ________.

A) delusions
B) overconfidence
C) depression
D) eating disorders

Question 35

Marcus is classically conditioned with Antabuse to avoid alcohol; however, once the Antabuse wears off several days later, he is back to the bar drinking. This example highlights which criticism of behavior theory?

A) Their behavioral changes may not generalize to the "real world."
B) The therapy addresses the behavior, but not the underlying causes of the behavior.
C) The theory lacks scientific reliability.
D) The therapy does not have long-term efficacy.

Question 36

Which of the following might be used to treat panic disorder?

A) antianxiety drugs
B) antidepressants
C) stimulants
D) mood stabilizers

Question 37

Which of the following is a type of drug used to treat depression?

A) anti-psychotics
B) NSAIDs
C) SSRIs
D) lithium

Question 38

Neuroleptics is another name for ________.

A) antianxiety drugs
B) antipsychotic drugs
C) antidepressants
D) mood-stabilizers

Question 39

The most commonly prescribed class of antidepressant drugs are ________.

A) tricyclics
B) MAO inhibitors
C) SSRIs
D) atypical antidepressants

Question 40

Which of the following is an antidepressant drug?

A) Ativan
B) Seroquel
C) Thorazine
D) Prozac

Question 41

Which of the following is an antipsychotic drug?

A) Effexor
B) Lithium carbonate
C) Thorazine
D) Xanax

Question 42

What types of drugs are administered to a person who is undergoing ECT?

A) muscle relaxants
B) antipsychotic drugs
C) anti-anxiety drugs
D) stimulants

Question 43

A biomedical therapy that involves alteration of the brain to bring about desirable behavioral, cognitive, or emotional changes is called ________.

A) a cortical operation
B) vagus nerve stimulation
C) psychosurgery
D) transcranial operative stimulation

Question 44

A deep brain stimulation involves drilling two tiny holes into the ________.

A) skull
B) medulla
C) neck
D) frontal lobes

Question 45

A surgical procedure in which two tiny holes are drilled into the skull and electrodes are implanted in the brain is called ________.

A) lobotomy
B) hypothalectomy
C) thalamusectomy
D) deep brain stimulation

Question 46

Which of the following is a problem with drug therapy?

A) If medication is continued it should prevent relapse.
B) Drug therapy seldom provides a cure.
C) Slow results and high costs have led to infrequent use.
D) Patients never become physically dependent on the drugs.

Question 47

Which of these is an alternative to ECT for treatment of severe depression?

A) fMRI
B) SIT
C) rTMS
D) ACT

Question 48

During a rTMS, coils are typically placed over which part of the brain?

A) amygdala
B) prefrontal cortex
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla

Question 49

Which of these is a statistical technique that is used to combine the results of several studies?

A) meta-analysis
B) multiple linear regression
C) structural equation modeling
D) confirmatory factor analysis

Question 50

According to your text, short-term therapies are often ________.

A) more effective than longer-term therapies
B) less effective than longer-term therapies
C) just as effective as longer-term therapies
D) minimally effective compared to longer-term therapies

Question 51

According to your text, anxiety disorder generally responds best to which type of treatment?

A) systematic desensitization
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy
C) medication
D) aversion therapy

Question 52

In which type of group do members assist each other in coping with a specific problem without the involvement of a professional leader?

A) self-help
B) encounter
C) peer
D) behavior

Question 53

According to your text, which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

A) It is less expensive and less reliable in how much it helps the patient.
B) Members must follow strict rules and not show too much emotion.
C) Members gain community when they meet and complain about the same problems.
D) Members can share insights and coping strategies to help peers with similar problems.

Question 54

In family therapy, the person identified as the cause for family problems is often the target of ________.

A) physical abuse
B) scapegoating
C) mental abuse
D) verbal abuse

Question 55

Which type of therapist might consider the impact of maladaptive behavior patterns in the home when addressing substance abuse issues in an adolescent?

A) behavior
B) interactive
C) developmental
D) family

Question 56

According to your textbook, family therapy is useful in treating patients with ________.

A) panic disorder
B) schizophrenia
C) anxiety
D) PTSD

Question 57

Receiving advice and professional therapy in electronic formats is called ________.

A) cognitive-electronic therapy
B) telehealth
C) electronic device disorder
D) e-therapy

Question 58

Which of the following feature of therapy is culturally universal?

A) The patient becomes dependent on the therapist for a period of time.
B) Treatment can take place anytime or in any place.
C) Therapists must be caring, competent, and approachable.
D) The patient is considered to be a passive recipient of the therapist's interventions.

Question 59

A Japanese therapy designed to help clients develop personal guilt for having been ungrateful and troublesome to others, and to develop gratitude toward those who have helped them is known as ________.

A) Kyoto therapy
B) Okado therapy
C) Naikan therapy
D) Nissan therapy

Question 60

A possible reason why more women than men are diagnosed with depression is that ________.

A) women are more unstable than men
B) women are less willing to disclose their emotional problems
C) diagnostic criteria emphasize behaviors that are more typical of women
D) women tend to self-medicate more than men

Question 61

One early meta-analytic review combined studies of almost ________ people and found that the average person who received treatment was better off than ________ percent of those who did not.

A) 10,000; 25
B) 15,000; 45
C) 25,000; 75
D) 25,000; 85

Question 62

While she was asleep last night, Evelyn dreamt of driving down the road in a car with no steering wheel. This actual story that she experienced represents the ________ content of her dream.

Question 63

Stanley and Marcia are both very upset that their adult sons, Andres and Urie, are fighting and no longer speak to each other. "We must have been very bad parents if our sons don't communicate with each other," they say. Beck would say that Stanley and Marcia are engaging in the cognitive error called ________.

Question 64

"It is inappropriate for one person to control the behavior of another." This criticism of behavioral therapy addresses the issue of ________.

Question 65

Ativan, Halcion, Valium, and Xanax are all specific examples of ________ drugs.

Question 66

The fact that women are more likely than men to be poor indicates the importance of the stresses of ________ on the treatment of mental illnesses.

Question 67

Define psychoanalysis, and describe the five major methods used in this type of therapy.

Question 68

State the basic assumption underlying humanistic therapies. Briefly describe the four qualities of client-therapist communication advocated by Rogers.

Question 69

Define cognitive therapy and contrast Ellis's rational-emotive behavior therapy with Beck's cognitive-behavior therapy.

Question 70

Define behavior therapy, then describe and illustrate how classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning are used to increase adaptive behaviors and decrease maladaptive ones.

Question 71

Describe the use of drug therapy (antianxiety, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and mood-stabilizing drugs), electroconvulsive therapy (basic procedure), and psychosurgery (basic procedure) in treating psychiatric disorders. Include limitations for each method.

Question 72

Define biomedical therapy, psychotherapy, and the eclectic approach to therapy.

Question 73

Describe criticisms and successes for each of the following types of therapies: psychoanalytic, cognitive, humanistic, and behavioral. State the overall effectiveness of therapy. If you were to want or need therapy, discuss why you would choose one type over other types of therapy.

Question 74

Define group therapies and describe three advantages of this kind of therapy. Differentiate among group therapy, self-help groups, and family therapy, and provide examples of the latter two therapies.

Question 75

Describe the six culturally universal characteristics of therapy, and discuss the differences in therapy found in individualist versus collectivist cultures.

Question 76

Describe four concerns that impact the mental health of women, stating why each increases a woman's potential need for psychiatric treatment.