Deck 13: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Your textbook author defines abnormal behavior as a ________.

A) statistically frequent pattern of pathological emotion, thought, or action
B) pattern of pathological emotion, thought, or action that results in increased functioning
C) pattern of pathological behaviors, thoughts, or emotions for one of three different reasons: deviance, dysfunction, and distress
D) pattern of rigid thought that prohibits one from developing meaningful relationships

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Sheila's alcohol use causes her to be late to work or to call out sick due to a hangover at least three times a week. Her boss is seriously considering firing her for these reasons. Which criterion for diagnosing psychological disorders does this best represent?

A) statistical infrequency
B) dysfunction
C) personal distress
D) violation of norms

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Marissa has panic disorder, in which she experiences unpredictable, unbearable episodes of panic that closely resemble the symptoms of a heart attack and frighten her badly. What criterion for defining abnormality does this description of her disorder represent?

A) danger
B) dysfunctions
C) distress
D) deviance

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Cultural diversity has a direct effect on which criterion for diagnosing psychological disorders?

A) statistical infrequency
B) dysfunctions
C) distress
D) deviance

Question 5

Which of the following is true about the medical model of mental disorders?

A) Underlying physical illness was believed to cause mental illness.
B) The model encourages people to evade responsibility for their own actions.
C) Labels can influence patients to act in ways that confirm their diagnosis.
D) The model takes into account the psychological and social aspects of mental illness.

Question 6

According to the humanistic perspective, anxiety is a result of ________.

A) unconscious, unresolved conflicts
B) blocked personal growth
C) faulty thinking
D) neurotransmitter imbalances

Question 7

According to the behavioral perspective, a psychological illness such as obsessive-compulsive disorder is a result of ________.

A) unconscious, unresolved conflicts
B) blocked personal growth
C) faulty thinking
D) inappropriate conditioning and modeling

Question 8

According to the cognitive perspective, anxiety is a result of ________.

A) unconscious, unresolved conflicts
B) blocked personal growth
C) faulty thinking
D) inappropriate conditioning and modeling

Question 9

Evolutionary perspectives explain abnormal behavior by emphasizing the role of which of the following in the development of psychological disorders?

A) unconscious, unresolved conflicts
B) blocked personal growth
C) exaggerated forms of an adaptive reaction
D) conditioning and modeling

Question 10

Psychodynamic perspectives explain abnormal behavior by emphasizing the role of which of the following in the development of psychological disorders?

A) unconscious, unresolved conflicts
B) blocked personal growth
C) exaggerated forms of an adaptive reaction
D) conditioning and modeling

Question 11

A person with more than one mental disorder at a time would be described as dealing with ________.

A) prevalence
B) comorbidity
C) misdiagnosis
D) differential diagnosis

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the DSM?

A) It completely describes symptoms of mental and physical disorders.
B) It provides standardized diagnoses and case study examples.
C) It reflects a western European and U.S. perspective of mental disorders.
D) It relies on psychologically based explanations for mental disorders rather than the medical model.

Question 13

Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM?

A) It may be casting too wide a net and over diagnosing.
B) It is not essential to scientific study.
C) It is low on validity, but high on reliability.
D) It can only be used to diagnose one disorder per patient.

Question 14

Which of the following are classified as disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders?

A) excessive gambling and gender dysphoria
B) pyromania and kleptomania
C) bipolar disorder and depression
D) dissociative identity disorder and anorexia

Question 15

Sudden inexplicable episodes of intense fear with persistent physical symptoms are associated with ________.

A) hysteria
B) general anxiety disorder
C) panic disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 16

Myron avoids hospitals, doctor's offices, and people with injuries because he always faints at the sight of blood. Myron's symptoms are consistent with which type of phobia?

A) physical
B) specific
C) medical
D) generalized

Question 17

Social anxiety disorder used to be called ________.

A) panic disorder
B) social phobia
C) generalized anxiety
D) agoraphobia

Question 18

Which of the following is categorized as an anxiety disorder?

A) posttraumatic stress disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) somatic symptom disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 19

Our fast-paced lives, increased mobility, decreased job security, and reduced family support are believed to be important in the increase in which of the following over the past fifty years?

A) anxiety disorders
B) mood disorders
C) post-traumatic stress disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 20

Some individuals in Japan experience a social phobia that is not typically seen among Westerners and involves an intense dread of embarrassing others. This demonstrates ________.

A) ethnocentrism
B) sociocultural influences on anxiety disorders
C) the presence of more social phobias in Japan
D) an emphasis on collectivism

Question 21

Which of the following refers to a syndrome observed in Japan that involves the morbid dread of doing something that would embarrass another person?

A) susto
B) taijin kyofusho (TKS)
C) koro
D) ataques de nervios

Question 22

Depressive disorders are best characterized by ________.

A) a grief reaction after a major loss
B) sad, empty, or irritable moods that interfere with functioning, pleasure, and life interests
C) any depression of mood that alternate with periods of mania
D) recurring or persistent episodes of depressed mood that are accompanied by psychotic thinking and suicidality

Question 23

Someone who is experiencing which of the following has periods of unreasonable elation and hyperactivity, often accompanied by insomnia and poor judgment?

A) hyperarousal
B) mania
C) compulsivity
D) psychosis

Question 24

Which of the following is true regarding bipolar disorder?

A) It is associated with a 90% suicide rate.
B) It involves depression, mania, and anxiety disorders.
C) It is associated with pressured speech and a rapid flight of ideas.
D) Manic episodes usually last three times as long as depressive episodes.

Question 25

The risk for bipolar disorder in the general population is between ________.

A) 10 and 15 percent
B) 5 and 7 percent
C) 0.5 and 1.6 percent
D) 2.5 and 5 percent

Question 26

Antidepressants are prescribed for depressive and bipolar disorders because they appear to affect the amount or functioning of which of the following?

A) GABA, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
B) dopamine, Substance P, endorphins, and enkephalins
C) endorphins, glutamate, and serotonin
D) acetylcholine, adrenaline, and dopamine

Question 27

You are writing a research paper examining different biological treatments for depression. You might be surprised to find that small amounts of which hallucinogenic drug can help reduce the symptoms of the disorder?

A) psilocybin ("magic mushrooms")
B) mescaline
C) LSD ("acid")
D) PCP ("angel dust")

Question 28

Which party drug, when taken in small, therapeutic doses, has been found to reduce the symptoms of mood disorders?

A) Ecstasy
B) peyote
C) LSC
D) Ketamine

Question 29

According to evolutionary theories of depression, ________.

A) moderate depression may allow us, with time, to adapt to a real loss
B) those who experience severe depression are most likely to survive
C) those who are moderately depressed are more likely to find a mate
D) those with moderate depression are less likely to experience anxiety

Question 30

Which choice refers to a progressive brain disease that may involve multiple concussions and is often found among athletes who engage in contact sports?

A) meningiotraumatic cerebropathy
B) corpus dialecticum
C) chronic traumatic encephalopathy
D) Duchenne's hemiplegia

Question 31

An athlete participating in which sport would be most likely to develop CTE?

A) tennis
B) football
C) long-distance running
D) track and field

Question 32

Research finds that one of the best ways to reduce suicides is to ________.

A) make antidepressant medication available without a prescription
B) take steps to reduce access to firearms
C) have laws that provide greater punishment for domestic abusers
D) increase the ability of a physician to involuntarily commit a depressed person to a hospital

Question 33

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding schizophrenia?

A) One in 1000 people develops schizophrenia.
B) Schizophrenia usually first appears between the late teens and mid-30s.
C) Almost 20% of all hospitalized patients suffer from schizophrenia.
D) Schizophrenia is a curable illness.

Question 34

In comparison to women, schizophrenia in men tends to ________.

A) be diagnosed earlier in life and be more severe
B) be diagnosed later in life and be more severe
C) be diagnosed earlier in life and be less severe
D) be diagnosed later in life and be less severe

Question 35

Schizophrenia is associated with ________.

A) euphoric mood
B) episodic lows
C) delusions and hallucinations
D) obsessive thoughts

Question 36

Hallucinations can be defined as ________.

A) false thoughts
B) imaginary sensory perceptions
C) an absence of emotional response
D) abnormal patterns of speaking

Question 37

A random and illogical jumble of words or phrases sometimes used by people with schizophrenia is called a ________.

A) pragmatic error
B) word salad
C) word soup
D) flight of ideas

Question 38

In the movie A Beautiful Mind, John Nash believed that men from the government were trying to kill him when he decided to stop working for them. This is called a delusion of ________.

A) nihilism
B) persecution
C) reference
D) grandeur

Question 39

If someone believes that he or she is someone very important, such as Jesus Christ or Napoleon, they would be experiencing a delusion of ________.

A) nihilism
B) persecution
C) reference
D) grandeur

Question 40

Bob believes that the city has someone drive by his house in an ambulance every day to make sure that he is home, and he is afraid to leave home because he "knows" the ambulance will follow him. This is an example of a delusion of ________.

A) nihilism
B) persecution
C) reference
D) grandeur

Question 41

Which of these is an example of an emotional disturbance in schizophrenia?

A) delusions of reference
B) artificial words
C) flattened affect
D) repetitive thoughts

Question 42

Some people with schizophrenia have almost no emotional response of any kind, a symptom called ________.

A) delusional affect
B) artificial affect
C) flattened affect
D) inappropriate affect

Question 43

Individuals with which disorder may become cataleptic and maintain a nearly immobile posture for a prolonged period of time?

A) bipolar disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 44

People with schizophrenia may maintain a nearly immobile stance for hours at a time. Such an individual is said to be ________.

A) cataleptic
B) flatly affective
C) delusional
D) undifferentiated

Question 45

Previous versions of the DSM categorized schizophrenia into several different clinical types. Which was one of them?

A) undifferentiated
B) posttraumatic
C) dissociative
D) affective

Question 46

Someone with schizophrenia that is socially withdrawn and produces limited or toneless speech is displaying which type of symptoms?

A) positive
B) negative
C) both positive and negative
D) undifferentiated

Question 47

Which type of symptoms is more common when schizophrenia develops rapidly?

A) positive
B) negative
C) residual
D) undifferentiated

Question 48

Which type of symptoms is more common when schizophrenia develops slowly?

A) positive
B) negative
C) residual
D) undifferentiated

Question 49

The heritability of schizophrenia for identical twins is about ________%.

A) 8
B) 28
C) 38
D) 48

Question 50

Children who experience severe trauma before the age of 16 years are ________.

A) twice as likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia
B) three times as likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia
C) five times as likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia
D) eight times as likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia

Question 51

Psychological conditions that begin in childhood and tend to persist into adulthood are called which type of disorders?

A) dissociative
B) somatic symptom
C) neurocognitive
D) neurodevelopmental

Question 52

Brandon has difficulty sitting still in class. He fidgets a lot, is easily distracted, and often draws the attention of his teacher when she's trying to teach a lesson. He is not intentionally problematic, but the issue has required the teacher to contact his parents on several occasions. Brandon is experiencing symptoms consistent with which disorder?

A) conduct disorder
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
C) oppositional-defiant disorder
D) separation anxiety disorder

Question 53

Which symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder tend to decline with age?

A) dissociation
B) impulsivity
C) inattentiveness
D) hyperactivity

Question 54

The most common treatment for individuals with ADHD is ________.

A) antidepressant medication
B) Gestalt and restructuring psychotherapy
C) stimulant medication
D) eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing

Question 55

Which condition, formerly recognized as a standalone diagnosis, is now part of the DSM-5 category called autism spectrum disorders?

A) rumination disorder
B) Asperger's disorder
C) conduct disorder
D) intellectual disability

Question 56

Persistent, unwanted, fearful thoughts are ________.

A) phobias
B) compulsions
C) obsessions
D) ritual fixations

Question 57

Compulsions refer to ________, whereas obsessions refer to ________.

A) repeated ritualistic behaviors; exaggerated thoughts
B) rational thoughts; rational behaviors
C) exaggerated thoughts; repeated ritualistic behaviors
D) rational behaviors; exaggerated thoughts

Question 58

Which disorders are psychological dysfunctions characterized by a major loss of memory without a clear physical cause, and are marked by a disturbance in the integration of identity, memory, or consciousness?

A) dissociative
B) displacement
C) disoriented
D) identity

Question 59

Some therapists consider dissociative identity disorder to be ________.

A) untreatable
B) a result of false memories
C) analogous to schizophrenia
D) a well-researched disorder

Question 60

The changing between one personality to another in an individual with dissociative identity disorder occurs primarily due to ________.

A) neurotransmitter imbalances
B) psychological stress
C) physical pain
D) high caloric intake

Question 61

People who come from homes characterized by emotional deprivation, harsh and inconsistent discipline, and distant parental behavior are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with ________.

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) histrionic personality disorder
D) narcissistic personality disorder

Question 62

Roger just cleaned out his girlfriend's bank account and left without telling anyone where he would be. He never felt any remorse for his actions, and used the money to buy himself a new sports car and support his new mistress. Roger is exhibiting behavior consistent with which personality disorder?

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Question 63

People with which of the following generally tend to see themselves and others in absolute terms - as either perfect or worthless?

A) borderline personality disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 64

One possible cause of borderline personality disorder is ________.

A) a childhood history of neglect, emotional deprivation, and abuse
B) the modeling of consistently positive behaviors
C) an impaired functioning of the occipital lobes
D) an impaired functioning of the parietal lobes

Question 65

One possible cause of borderline personality disorder is impaired function of the ________.

A) frontal lobes and limbic system
B) temporal lobes
C) occipital lobes
D) parietal lobes

Question 66

Jake has experienced numerous broken relationships, several divorces, and a number of lost jobs, primarily due to his overwhelming fear of abandonment and his unstable relationships and self-image. Jake's history is suggestive of ________.

A) dissociative personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) multiple personality disorder
D) depressive personality disorder

Question 67

Which of the following is a proposed reason that women are more likely to manifest major depression than men?

A) Women tend to avoid acknowledging and dealing with their problems.
B) Women have less social support and the support they have is less intimate.
C) Women are more likely to fall into lowest socioeconomic groups.
D) Women tend to use substances and dangerous behaviors to deal with their emotions.

Question 68

In comparison to industrialized countries, the prognosis for people with schizophrenia who live in non-industrialized countries is sometimes ________.

A) better
B) poor
C) the same
D) twice as poor

Question 69

Which of the following is a culture-general symptom of depression?

A) grief and anger
B) obsessive thoughts
C) intense concentration
D) poor concentration

Question 70

Which of these are culture-specific symptoms of depression?

A) anxiety and sad affect
B) somatization and guilt
C) poor concentration and lack of energy
D) loss of enjoyment and anxiety

Question 71

In one culture-bound syndrome, the sufferer believes that they are possessed by the spirit of a cannibal giant with a heart and entrails of ice. The name of the giant is ________.

A) Koro
B) Amok
C) Zar
D) Windigo

Question 72

Which disorder has core features including a pervasive pattern of instability in emotions, relationships, and self-image, along with impulsive and self-destructive behaviors?

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) multiple personality disorder
D) major depressive disorder

Question 73

Perhaps the most troubling criticism of the DSM is its reliance on the ________ model and the way it may unfairly label people.

Question 74

A person with ________ anxiety disorder experiences persistent, uncontrollable, and free-floating nonspecific anxiety.

Question 75

"It doesn't matter what I do, I'm never going to be anything but a failure. I don't know why I should even try anymore." This statement might be made by someone suffering from what Martin Seligman called ________.

Question 76

Jordan believes that aliens from the planet Cthulhu have used a psychic weapon to infiltrate his mind, and are now influencing his thoughts and making him engage in illegal and dangerous behaviors. Jordan is suffering from a delusion of ________.

Question 77

MRI brain scans of people currently incarcerated people find that there is a reduction in gray matter in the ________ cortex. This may help explain why they feel little empathy and remorse for their antisocial behaviors.

Question 78

A developmental disorder that typically begins in early childhood and involves problems with social communication and social interaction, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities is called ________ spectrum disorder.

Question 79

Define abnormal behavior; describe the three common standards for identifying abnormal behavior; state an example for each standard that illustrates an abnormal behavior; and state or exemplify a limitation of the standard.

Question 80

Describe the historical trends regarding the causes and treatment of abnormal behavior from the Stone Age to modern times. Include descriptions of the medical model and psychiatry's model as well as psychology's approach to mental illness.