Deck 16: The Making of Domestic and Foreign Policy

Question 1

Which of the following was a major factor in the inequitable prison terms for powder versus crack cocaine, a matter that was only recently addressed to make the punishment for the offenses more equitable?

A) Gender
B) Age
C) Race
D) Religion

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What was district court Judge Clyde Cahill's basis for his legal justification for not implementing a federally mandated sentence against an offender in possession of crack cocaine?

A) Sentencing disparities between crack and cocaine powder resulted in a violation of the Fourth Amendment's protection against illegal search and seizure.
B) Sentencing disparities between crack and cocaine powder resulted in a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause on the basis of racial discrimination.
C) All of the above
D) None of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The _______ Fair Sentencing Act reduced, but did not eliminate, the disparities in crack and powder cocaine sentencing.

A) 1985
B) 1985
C) 2010
D) 2018

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The actions that government implements are known as

A) decision making.
B) policy making.
C) political gesturing.
D) None of the above

Question 5

Domestic policy refers to the laws, rules, and programs that

A) affect the relationship between the United States and other nations.
B) set up the judicial branch.
C) directly affect people living in the United States.
D) set up the legislative branch.

Question 6

Foreign policy refers to the laws, rules, and programs that

A) affect the relationship between the United States and other nations.
B) set up the judicial branch.
C) directly affect people living in the United States.
D) set up the legislative branch.

Question 7

A law concerning land rights, dairy farming, and interstate product distribution would be considered _______ policy.

A) foreign
B) external
C) domestic
D) internal

Question 8

A law concerning the need to carry a U.S. passport to travel to most destinations in the Caribbean would be considered _______ policy.

A) foreign
B) external
C) domestic
D) internal

Question 9

A policy concerning gender workplace discrimination would be considered _______ policy.

A) foreign
B) external
C) domestic
D) internal

Question 10

Regulations concerning the importation of manufacturing goods would be considered _______ policy.

A) foreign
B) external
C) domestic
D) internal

Question 11

A resolution condemning ethnic cleansing in a foreign nation would be considered _______ policy.

A) foreign
B) external
C) domestic
D) internal

Question 12

The stage in the policy-making process in which certain issues reach a level of public concern that attracts the attention of government officials is known as

A) policy implementation.
B) agenda setting.
C) policy formulation.
D) policy adoption.

Question 13

The president is engaging in _______ when he or she gives the State of the Union speech.

A) policy implementation
B) agenda setting
C) policy formulation
D) policy adoption

Question 14

The Congress is engaging in _______ when it passes a budget.

A) policy implementation
B) agenda setting
C) policy formulation
D) policy adoption

Question 15

All possible legitimate issues that could be brought to the attention of the public and possibly lawmakers are known as a(n)

A) agenda universe.
B) systemic agenda.
C) institutional agenda.
D) decision agenda.

Question 16

The set of issues that government officials recognize require their attention is known as a(n)

A) agenda universe.
B) systemic agenda.
C) institutional agenda.
D) decision agenda.

Question 17

The set of issues that a government body formally resolves to address is known as a(n)

A) agenda universe.
B) systemic agenda.
C) institutional agenda.
D) decision agenda.

Question 18

The set of issues that policy makers perceive as worthy of their attention is known as a(n)

A) agenda universe.
B) systemic agenda.
C) institutional agenda.
D) decision agenda.

Question 19

Interest group pressure can cause a policy issue to be placed on a(n)

A) agenda universe.
B) systemic agenda.
C) institutional agenda.
D) decision agenda.

Question 20

If a policy stance appears on a party platform, it can be said to be on the

A) agenda universe.
B) systemic agenda.
C) institutional agenda.
D) decision agenda.

Question 21

The last stage of the agenda-setting process is known as the

A) agenda universe.
B) systemic agenda.
C) institutional agenda.
D) decision agenda.

Question 22

Would the policy position that all women must be required to get married, manage all home issues, and raise as many children as possible be a part of the agenda universe?

A) Yes, it is a policy position and therefore is classified as a part of the agenda universe.
B) Yes, as a domestic policy issue it is a part of the agenda universe.
C) No, it is not socially acceptable and as such could not be part of the agenda universe.
D) No, it is a policy that might be impractical to implement and as such could not be part of the agenda universe.

Question 23

Which of the following is most important in moving policy items through the agenda-setting process?

A) Political parties
B) Social movements and interest groups
C) Political institutions
D) None of the above

Question 24

Civil rights movement protests and demonstrations in the 1950s and 1960s influenced racial discrimination policy in terms of

A) policy implementation.
B) agenda setting.
C) policy formulation.
D) policy adoption.

Question 25

Which of the following groups staged protests and demonstrations to set the agenda on civil rights policies?

A) African Americans
B) Latinos
C) American Indians
D) All of the above

Question 26

Which of the following is a technique used by interest groups and social movements to influence the agenda-setting process?

A) Litigation
B) Demonstration
C) All of the above
D) None of the above

Question 27

The Native American Rights Fund and Asian Americans Advancing Justice have worked to set the civil rights agenda by

A) sponsoring judicial cases.
B) participating in juries.
C) asking judges for special favors.
D) None of the above

Question 28

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A) U. S. social movements and interest groups attempt to set the agenda for domestic and foreign policy.
B) U. S. social movements and interest groups only attempt to set the agenda for domestic policy.
C) U. S. social movements and interest groups only attempt to set the agenda for foreign policy.
D) U. S. social movements and interest groups do not attempt to set the policy agenda.

Question 29

How does the media influence agenda setting?

A) By controlling the amount of media exposure a policy receives
B) By controlling coverage content
C) By controlling the tone of media coverage
D) All of the above

Question 30

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A) The media refrains from negative racial stereotypes to further aid civil rights causes.
B) The media always works to improve the status of civil rights in the United States.
C) The media has aided in civil rights agenda setting, as well as perpetuated and promoted harmful racial stereotypes.
D) None of the above

Question 31

The stage of the policy-making process in which legislators make policy is known as

A) policy enactment.
B) agenda setting.
C) policy evaluation.
D) None of the above

Question 32

The stage in the policy-making process in which government actors draft a solution to a problem that they have recognized merits their attention is known as policy

A) formulation.
B) adoption.
C) implementation.
D) evaluation.

Question 33

The stage in the policy-making process in which the policy is actually enacted is known as policy

A) formulation.
B) adoption.
C) implementation.
D) evaluation.

Question 34

When a piece of legislation undergoes examination and amendment in a Congressional committee, it is said to be in the midst of policy

A) formulation.
B) adoption.
C) implementation.
D) evaluation.

Question 35

When a president is signing a bill into law, it is said to be in the midst of policy

A) formulation.
B) adoption.
C) implementation.
D) evaluation.

Question 36

Which of the following plays a significant role in policy adoption?

A) The executive branch
B) The legislative branch
C) The judicial branch
D) All of the above

Question 37

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A) Agenda setting always leads to policy enactment.
B) Policy enactment always leads to agenda setting.
C) Agenda setting does not always lead to policy enactment.
D) Policy enactment does not always lead to agenda setting.

Question 38

The lack of action by the government to ameliorate poverty, discrimination, and harsh living conditions in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina despite interest group, media, and international interest demonstrates which of the following?

A) Agenda setting always leads to policy enactment.
B) Policy enactment always leads to agenda setting.
C) Agenda setting does not always lead to policy enactment.
D) Policy enactment does not always lead to agenda setting.

Question 39

Which of the following is not a part of policy enactment?

A) Policy adoption
B) Policy evaluation
C) Policy formulation
D) All of the above

Question 40

When a president develops an executive order, he or she is engaging in the process of

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 41

When a member of Congress drafts a bill, he or she is engaging in the process of

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 42

When both Houses of Congress approve the final version of a bill, they are engaging in the process of

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 43

When federal judges write court opinions, they are engaging in the process of

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 44

When members of Congress, presidents, and federal judges engage in policy formulation, they

A) do so by themselves.
B) do so solely with help from other branches of government.
C) do so with the aid of their staff.
D) None of the above

Question 45

The degree to which policies favoring or benefitting racial and ethnic minorities are formulated often depends on

A) minority representation in interest groups.
B) minority representation with political institutions.
C) minority representation in the media.
D) None of the above

Question 46

In 2020, the House Committee on Oversight and Reform found that Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents had routinely denied which group medical care and regularly mistreated them?

A) Pregnant women
B) Women
C) Children
D) LGBTQ+ immigrants

Question 47

President Trump initially praised what country's response to the coronavirus in the first two months of 2020?

A) New Zealand
B) China
C) Russia
D) The United Kingdom (UK)

Question 48

What is the public's indirect means for influencing the policy formulation process?

A) Political institutions
B) Economic success
C) The media
D) Political parties

Question 49

What is the public's main avenue for influencing the policy formulation process?

A) Political parties
B) Congressional testimony
C) Political institutions
D) The media

Question 50

A federal law that requires administrative agencies to publish proposed rules and allow the public to offer comment on them before they go into effect is called the

A) Civil Rights Act.
B) Civil Liberties Act.
C) Administrative Procedures Act.
D) None of the above

Question 51

The Administrative Procedures Act was passed into law in

A) 1866.
B) 1896.
C) 1916.
D) 1946.

Question 52

The _______ was developed by Congress in order to apologize to and compensate the Japanese American victims of internment during World War II.

A) Civil Liberties Act
B) Executive Orders Act
C) Civil Rights Act
D) None of the above

Question 53

Japanese American activists who testified before the Commission on Wartime Relocation are said to have engaged in

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 54

Which of the following laws gives the public some time to comment and possibly shape public policy?

A) Civil Rights Act
B) Civil Liberties Act
C) Administrative Procedures Act
D) None of the above

Question 55

Interest groups that focus on research and scholarly analysis of issues relevant to the people they represent are known as

A) social movements.
B) think tanks.
C) political institutions.
D) None of the above

Question 56

How do think tanks figure into the policy-making process?

A) They conduct research and analysis on various topics, thus producing important policy information.
B) They formulate policy based on their research.
C) All of the above
D) None of the above

Question 57

How do interest groups help to formulate policy in the federal judiciary?

A) They sponsor cases.
B) They write amicus curiae briefs.
C) The work for the prosecution.
D) None of the above

Question 58

The racist association of Asian Americans with disease, which has been revived due to covid-19 and Trump's labeling of the virus as the "China virus" or "Kung Flu," began during what century?

A) 18th
B) 19th
C) 20th
D) 21st

Question 59

Although many policies are formulated, few are

A) evaluated.
B) adopted.
C) rejected.
D) helpful.

Question 60

How do members of the public communicate their policy adoption preferences?

A) Through the media
B) Through interest groups
C) Through social movements
D) All of the above

Question 61

Which of the following is nearly always essential in the policy adoption process?

A) Interest group backing
B) Political institution approval
C) Compromise
D) Social movement backing

Question 62

The failure to adopt a 2018 bipartisan immigration reform for DACA immigrants demonstrates

A) the difficulties found in the agenda-setting process.
B) the difficulties found in the policy formulation process.
C) the inability to adopt policies without compromise.
D) all of the above.

Question 63

Which of the following has directly influenced the debate over the adoption of health-care reform policy?

A) Ageism
B) Racism
C) Religion animosity
D) All of the above

Question 64

Which of the following provides an example of a political position that allows a single individual to block policy adoption?

A) The Supreme Court
B) Congressional committee chairs
C) Congressional party whips
D) All of the above

Question 65

Of the many political powers and strategies held by the president, which of the following can be used to adopt policies unilaterally?

A) Executive orders
B) Signing statements
C) Veto power
D) Position taking in the media

Question 66

The stage in the policy-making process in which government actors and even private citizens carry out enacted policies is known as

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 67

The stage of the policy-making process in which government actors and private citizens determine whether an implemented policy is achieving its intended effect is known as

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 68

The practice of buckling a seat belt when entering a vehicle provides an example of

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 69

Executive branch enforcement of policies passed by Congress provides an example of

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 70

The drafting of legislation to rectify racial disparities in punishment for drug offenders that exist in current law would only come about due to

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 71

The main purpose of a congressional oversight committee is to engage in

A) policy formulation.
B) policy adoption.
C) policy implementation.
D) policy evaluation.

Question 72

Which of the following is necessary in the policy implementation stage?

A) Money must be allocated and spent.
B) Regulations must be enforced.
C) All of the above
D) None of the above

Question 73

The lack of funding for the implementation of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act

A) equally disadvantaged all school districts throughout the United States.
B) further disadvantaged and impoverished many districts with large portions of racial and ethnic minorities.
C) actually improved the chances of district success under the program.
D) was not a crucial factor in the success of the program.

Question 74

In the _______, the U.S. government began to enforce civil rights laws less vigorously as compared to recent decades.

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 75

Why do policy makers formulate broad, rather than specific, policies?

A) To increase the likelihood that the policy will be adopted
B) To decrease opposition over details that could be fatal to a policy
C) All of the above
D) None of the above

Question 76

Which of the following is not engaged in policy evaluation?

A) Individuals
B) Interest groups
C) Political institutions
D) All are engaged in evaluation.

Question 77

Why might groups evaluate policies differently?

A) They had differing opinions concerning policy adoption and implementation.
B) They are upset about not being allowed to evaluate various policies.
C) They are interested in opposing all governmental action.
D) None of the above

Question 78

Differences in rates of incarceration of whites, blacks, and Latinos for various crimes may suggest

A) differences in rates at which various races commit various crimes.
B) racialized differences in how police enforce laws concerning various crimes.
C) racialized differences in the sentencing of various crimes.
D) all of the above.

Question 79

A policy evaluation report

A) can be interpreted in different ways by different groups and individuals.
B) is always unbiased.
C) rarely includes statistical details.
D) All of the above

Question 80

Which of the following is the most important in the policy-making process?

A) Agenda setting
B) Policy enactment
C) Postenactment stages
D) All are equally important and necessary.