Deck 2: Evolution of Labor Management Relationships

Question 1

Employers actively opposed unions after World War I by implementing the European Plan.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The AFL under Gompers' leadership believed the existing social system should be dramatically changed by any means possible,including revolutionary methods if necessary.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Member unions of the Change to Win federation are encouraged to devote 50 percent of their annual operating budget toward union organizing activities,compared to a goal of 30 percent for AFL-CIO affiliated unions.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Many new members joined the Knights of Labor because of the organization's "get tough" militant stance during the Haymarket Riot.

Question 5

Two major bargaining issues since World War II have been adjustments to technological change and safeguards against inflation.

Question 6

The sit-down strike helped the CIO to obtain union membership in the 1930s,and it was soon approved by the Supreme Court.

Question 7

One change since 1950 is organized labor's current emphasis on short-range reform instead of long-range material goals.

Question 8

Unions dramatically increased their membership during the 1920s because of favorable legislation and apathetic employers.

Question 9

The IWW was an unsuccessful labor organization,even though it received very favorable media coverage.

Question 10

Unions received favorable public opinion after World War II because of their strict adherence to the "no strike pledge" during the war and the rather modest wage requests after the war.

Question 11

The leadership of the Knights of Labor was more interested in seeking higher wage increases for employees than in seeking moral betterment .

Question 12

While the CIO and KOL shared somewhat the "one big union" concept,the CIO's goals were more similar to the AFL than to the KOL.

Question 13

The Great Depression of the 1930s convinced many employees that hard work and loyalty (not unions)insured continued employment and other good working conditions.

Question 14

The merger of the AFL and CIO in 1955 has minimized raiding between the two organizations,but has not resulted in major strategic or philosophical shift in organized labor.

Question 15

The new Change to Win federation believes that the AFL-CIO should be supportive of the Democratic Party,even when party leaders did not stand with organized labor on key issues,such as opposition to the North American Free Trade Agreement and subsequent proposed trade pacts.

Question 16

The "criminal conspiracy" doctrine means that union organizing prior to 1842 could result in an injunction against the union organizers.

Question 17

The Haymarket Riot,Homestead Incident,and the Pullman Strike eliminated Samuel Gompers' leadership effectiveness in the AFL.

Question 18

The trend toward multi-year labor agreements after World War II put pressure on union leaders to safeguard wage increases against the possibility of increases in the inflation rate.

Question 19

Organized labor repeated its success in three previous presidential elections by delivering a very large majority of union members for Obama.

Question 20

The Homestead Incident unlike the Ludlow Massacre showed the public that union and management officials could resolve their differences in a non-violent fashion.

Question 21

The "criminal conspiracy" doctrine means that union organizing prior to 1842 could result in an injunction against the union organizers.

Question 22

The "Open Shop" and "Mohawk Valley Formula" were techniques used by:

A) the Knights of Labor and the IWW to obtain more members.
B) the CIO of obtain more members.
C) the AFL and CIO to merge organizations in 1955.
D) employers to minimize the existence of unions and union members at their facilities.
E) the Knights of Labor, the IWW, and the CIO to obtain more members.

Question 23

The strength of any labor organization depends on which of the following?

A) The ability of union leaders to identify and satisfy members' goals and interests.
B) Its structural and financial stability.
C) Its ability to work within established political and economic systems.
D) Supportive or disruptive features of the broader social environment such as legislation, mass media, etc.
E) all of these

Question 24

The Congress of Industrial Organization's tremendous success in organizing employees after its formation in 1935 was not due in part to:

A) strong CIO leadership.
B) favorable legislation.
C) use of the sit-down strike.
D) active cooperation with the American Federation of Labor.
E) none of these contributed to the CIO's organizing success.

Question 25

________ was a counteraction by employers against unionization.

A) The American Plan
B) Blacklisting
C) Employee Representation Plans
D) The Mohawk Valley Formula
E) all of these

Question 26

"Pure and Simple Unionism," was most identified with the:

A) unions seeking to change the existing capitalist system.
B) American Railway Union.
C) Industrial Workers of the World.
D) American Federation of Labor.
E) Knights of Labor.

Question 27

The Knights of Labor (KOL)differed from the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)in that the KOL:

A) assumed employees and employers had similar interests.
B) allowed most employees to join their organization without much regard to occupation.
C) spoke out against the effects on the employee of the existing manufacturing system.
D) wanted to change the existing wage and profit system.
E) all of these are differences between the KOL and the IWW.

Question 28

The yellow-dog contract guarantees that employees are not required to participate in union activities.

Question 29

Samuel Gompers,AFL president,proclaimed the Clayton Act to be the Magna Charta of U.S.labor; however,the legislation did not prove to help labor organizers.

Question 30

The Civil War encouraged the growth of unions as it:

A) refined and encouraged mass production techniques with meant a concentration of a new and larger force under one factory roof.
B) created a more militant philosophy of protest which continued after the war's end.
C) served as a training ground for future union leaders.
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 31

The AFL's political action goals:

A) were directed at establishing a third independent political party that could best represent labor's interests and attempted to change the existing capitalist system.
B) were basically nonexistent.
C) stressed the principle, "reward your friends, punish your enemies."
D) attempted to change the existing capitalist system.
E) were directed at establishing a third independent political party that could best represent labor's interests.

Question 32

The first signs of employee organizations in the United States occurred among:

A) railroad workers.
B) skilled craftspeople such as shoemakers.
C) unskilled general laborers.
D) public employees.
E) steelworkers.

Question 33

John L.Lewis was:

A) the first labor-backed president of the United States.
B) a U.S. senator known for the "Lewis Bill of Employee Rights."
C) the first president of the AFL.
D) a publicized leader of the CIO.
E) the founder of IWW.

Question 34

The Pullman Strike:

A) reflected the importance of international forces in labor disputes.
B) increased the membership and strengthened the power of the ARU.
C) showed that rival unions such as the AFL and the ARU can pull together on significant labor disputes.
D) illustrated that a small union like the ARU can overcome a large employer if members rally to a common cause.
E) largely resulted in the elimination of an AFL rival, namely, the American Railway Union (ARU).

Question 35

The North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA):

A) was the cause of the Haymarket Riot.
B) provided a strong incentive for employees to unionize.
C) was Samuel Gompers' biggest political accomplishment.
D) outlawed the sit-down strike of the CIO.
E) was passed over organized labor's strong opposition.

Question 36

The Haymarket Riot:

A) was over agricultural subsidies with were not given as promised.
B) led to the downfall of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
C) represented a protest for the eight-hour day.
D) represented a physical clash between tow labor organizations the AFL and the CIO.
E) none of these.

Question 37

The AFL represented:

A) one big union that eliminated the identify of unio0ns joining the AFL.
B) a Knights of Labor committee that handled the strategic planning duties.
C) a group that supported the basic philosophy of the IWW.
D) a federation or service organization that unions could join and still retain their separate identities and collective bargaining concerns.
E) a Knights of Labor committee that handled the strategic planning duties and a group that supported the basic philosophy of the IWW.

Question 38

Employee Representation Plans (ERPs)were:

A) employer-originated alternative to unions.
B) affiliated with the Knights of Labor.
C) the earliest forms of employee health insurance.
D) affiliated with the American Federation of Labor.
E) fronts for radical labor ideologies.

Question 39

The CIO split from the AFL because of the CIO's emphasis on:

A) Employee Representation Plans.
B) having Gompers "lead CIO unions into greatness."
C) organizing craft workers.
D) Republican party politics.
E) organizing employees in mass-production industries.

Question 40

The Homestead Incident:

A) received more favorable media attention than the Haymarket Riot.
B) involved unilateral wage reductions at a Carnegie owned steel mill.
C) showed that AFL could offer some financial support to one of its member unions.
D) all of these
E) none of these

Question 41

Powderly felt employees who joined the KOL:

A) needed to loosen up a bit and have a good time at union functions such as picnics and needed to be educated on major problems which they were previously unable to understand.
B) knew what was best for them.
C) needed to loosen up a bit and have a good time at union functions such as picnics.
D) needed to be educated on major problems with they were previously unable to understand.
E) all of these

Question 42

"Big Bill Haywood," an initial leader of the IWW:

A) founded the KOL.
B) was largely responsible for turning the IWW into a highly effective organization.
C) defended the capitalistic system until he was assassinated by left wing radicals.
D) agreed with Gompers that overthrow of the existing capitalistic system by any means possible was the sole goal of labor unions.
E) none of these

Question 43

The Local Assembly was the basic unit in the Knights of Labor since it:

A) could veto any matter raised by the Executive Board.
B) could veto any matter raised by the Executive Board and provided the major source of members.
C) provided the major source of members.
D) was often involved in a key KOL activity - the strike.
E) all of these