Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

Civil rights are

A) protections from improper government action and overreach.
B) protections against unequal treatment that the government guarantees to all groups.
C) protections from anarchy and chaos.
D) protections against violations of law.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not a significant dimension along which civil rights have been denied?

A) Race
B) Gender
C) Sexual orientation
D) Veganism

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The classification of a set of people based on defined criteria is known as

A) race.
B) ethnicity.
C) gender.
D) group designation.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The classification of people based on physical characteristics, especially skin color is known as

A) race.
B) ethnicity.
C) gender.
D) group designation.

Question 5

The classification of people based on national origin or culture is known as

A) race.
B) ethnicity.
C) gender.
D) group designation.

Question 6

The classification of people based on societal expectations concerning sex is known as

A) race.
B) ethnicity.
C) gender.
D) group designation.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of the social construction of race?

A) Varying state laws designating who was Black based on ancestry
B) Longer criminal sentences for Black perpetrators
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 8

Classifications based on ethnicity have been a considerable basis for _______ in the American political system.

A) equality
B) economic development
C) unequal treatment
D) equal treatment

Question 9

The extent to which one group enjoys more political, social, or economic benefits than another group is known as

A) inequality.
B) equality.
C) ethnicity.
D) privilege.

Question 10

A form of inequality in which laws or official actions deny specific groups social, political, or economic benefits that are available to other groups is known as

A) inequality of life chances.
B) inequality of opportunity.
C) inequality of outcome.
D) None of the above

Question 11

A form of inequality in which social and demographic forces, not official laws or policies, cause one group to enjoy more political, social, or economic benefits than another group is known as

A) inequality of life chances.
B) inequality of opportunity.
C) inequality of outcome.
D) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is not a direct result of government or policy discrimination?

A) De jure racial segregation in schools
B) Bans on homosexual marriage
C) On average, women earning lower wages than men for the same job
D) None of the above

Question 13

The concept concerning a dominant group physically separating itself from a subordinate group is known as

A) inequality.
B) group designation.
C) discrimination.
D) segregation.

Question 14

The physical separation of groups that results from laws or official government actions is known as

A) inequality of opportunity.
B) inequality of outcome.
C) de facto segregation.
D) de jure segregation.

Question 15

The physical separation of groups that is not legally sanctioned or imposed by the government but instead stems from individual preferences and economic forces is known as

A) inequality of opportunity.
B) inequality of outcome.
C) de facto segregation.
D) de jure segregation.

Question 16

Two distinct school systems for White and Black students is an example of

A) inequality of opportunity.
B) inequality of outcome.
C) de facto segregation.
D) de jure segregation.

Question 17

High levels of racial segregation within a county-based school system that has high levels of residential racial segregation is an example of

A) inequality of opportunity.
B) inequality of outcome.
C) de facto segregation.
D) de jure segregation.

Question 18

The lack of voting rights for women prior to the Nineteenth Amendment is an example of

A) inequality of opportunity.
B) inequality of outcome.
C) de facto segregation.
D) de jure segregation.

Question 19

The difficulty of many high-performing racial minority students in getting accepted to a prestigious university because of the lack of rigor of their high school is an example of

A) inequality of opportunity.
B) inequality of outcome.
C) de facto segregation.
D) de jure segregation.

Question 20

Although civil rights issues and violations affect many different groups, the plurality of civil rights abuses over the history of the United States concern

A) gender.
B) religion.
C) race and ethnicity.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 21

What was one of the first ways that Blacks were denied civil rights in America?

A) Enslavement
B) Segregation
C) Disenfranchisement
D) None of the above

Question 22

Soon after the founding of the nation, the lack of civil rights for Blacks was _______ of the Constitution and the founding principles.

A) an affirmation
B) a violation
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 23

Once slavery was abolished in northern states, Blacks in these states

A) enjoyed full civil rights.
B) still had no other civil rights.
C) obtained limited civil rights varying by state.
D) None of the above

Question 24

Nineteenth-century political activists who sought to end slavery were known as

A) Southern Democrats.
B) Forty-Niners.
C) abolitionists.
D) social justice advocates.

Question 25

In Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842), the Supreme Court ruled that

A) state laws protecting runaway slaves were superseded by federal laws and slaveholders' property rights.
B) state courts must decide whether runaway slaves must be returned to slaveholders.
C) state laws protecting runaway slaves superseded federal laws and slaveholders' property rights.
D) federal courts must decide whether runaway slaves must be returned to slaveholders.

Question 26

Which of the following is a controversial Supreme Court decision that ruled that Congress lacked the power to regulate slavery and Blacks had no civil rights?

A) Northwest Ordinance of 1787
B) Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
D) None of the above

Question 27

An executive order issue by President Lincoln during the Civil War that freed the slaves in the Confederacy is known as the

A) black codes.
B) equal protection clause.
C) Thirteenth Amendment.
D) Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 28

A specific provision that prevents states from passing laws that treat people differently on account of race or ethnicity is known as the

A) black codes.
B) equal protection clause.
C) Fifteenth Amendment.
D) Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 29

Laws passed in southern states during the immediate aftermath of the Civil War that singled out African Americans for mistreatment and discrimination were known as the

A) black codes.
B) black rules.
C) black laws.
D) black institutions.

Question 30

The _______ amendment to the Constitution prohibits slavery throughout the United States.

A) Thirteenth
B) Fourteenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Sixteenth

Question 31

The _______ amendment to the Constitution prevents states from denying on the basis of race full citizenship to their residents.

A) Thirteenth
B) Fourteenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Sixteenth

Question 32

When did the Reconstruction period end?

A) 1868
B) 1872
C) 1877
D) 1889

Question 33

When was the Thirteenth Amendment ratified?

A) 1863
B) 1864
C) 1865
D) 1866

Question 34

When was the Fifteenth Amendment ratified?

A) 1867
B) 1868
C) 1869
D) 1870

Question 35

The period during which former Confederate states were brought back into the Union, often characterized by a military presence in the South and civil rights progress for Blacks, is known as

A) the antebellum period.
B) Reconstruction.
C) Deconstruction.
D) None of the above

Question 36

Which amendment does the equal protection clause belong to?

A) Twelfth
B) Thirteenth
C) Fourteenth
D) Fifteenth

Question 37

What allowed for the enforcement of the Civil Rights Acts of 1870, 1871, and 1875?

A) The strong military presence in the South during Reconstruction
B) The black codes
C) Jim Crow laws
D) Congressional approval

Question 38

The southern practice of racially segregating all public facilities, such as transportation, schools, libraries, hotels, hospitals, theaters, parks, and cemeteries, was based on

A) racial discrimination.
B) Jim Crow laws.
C) the black codes.
D) racial integration.

Question 39

The policy of Reconstruction after the Civil War ended under President _______, essentially removing federal government protections for newly freed African American populations.

A) A. Johnson
B) R. Hayes
C) U. Grant
D) J. Garfield

Question 40

Which controversial Supreme Court decision ruled that, under the Fourteenth Amendment, states were allowed to segregate by race?

A) Marbury v. Madison (1803)
B) Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
D) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Question 41

A legal doctrine that allowed segregation of the races in public facilities as long as each race received the facility in question was known as the

A) full equality principle.
B) separate and equal principle.
C) equality of segregation principle.
D) separate but equal principle.

Question 42

Segregated water fountains and restrooms would be legal under

A) Jim Crow laws.
B) the separate but equal principle.
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 43

A government group denying a group the right to vote is known as

A) enfranchisement.
B) disenfranchisement.
C) reenfranchisement.
D) None of the above

Question 44

A literacy test is a

A) form of disenfranchisement in which potential voters must demonstrate the ability to read as a condition for registering to vote.
B) fee charged as a condition of registering to vote, which disenfranchises the impoverished, especially African Americans.
C) policy designed to disenfranchise Blacks by exempting Whites who had been able to vote at the end of the Civil War, but not Blacks, from literacy tests.
D) measure to increase voting rights for racial and ethnic minority groups.

Question 45

A poll tax is a

A) form of disenfranchisement in which potential voters must demonstrate the ability to read as a condition for registering to vote.
B) fee charged as a condition of registering to vote, which disenfranchises the impoverished, especially African Americans.
C) policy designed to disenfranchise Blacks by exempting Whites who had been able to vote at the end of the Civil War, but not Blacks, from literacy tests.
D) measure to increase voting rights for racial and ethnic minority groups.

Question 46

A grandfather clause is a

A) form of disenfranchisement in which potential voters must demonstrate the ability to read as a condition for registering to vote.
B) fee charged as a condition of registering to vote, which disenfranchises the impoverished, especially African Americans.
C) policy designed to disenfranchise Blacks by exempting Whites who had been able to vote at the end of the Civil War, but not Blacks, from various voting restrictions.
D) measure to increase voting rights for racial and ethnic minority groups.

Question 47

What was a key turning point in the civil rights movement in terms of the improvement of prospects for Blacks?

A) The populist movement
B) World War I
C) The Great Depression
D) World War II

Question 48

Civil rights activists formed interest groups, such as the NAACP, to lobby the national government to end

A) terrorist violence.
B) de jure segregation.
C) inequality of opportunity.
D) All of the above

Question 49

The landmark Supreme Court case that prohibited government-sponsored segregation as a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment equal protection clause was

A) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).
B) Guinn and Beal v. United States (1915).
C) Missouri ex el Gaines v. Canada (1938).
D) Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

Question 50

The case that proved most significant that was litigated by the NAACP Legal and Education Defense Fund was

A) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).
B) Guinn and Beal v. United States (1915).
C) Missouri ex el Gaines v. Canada (1938).
D) Brown v. Board of Education (1954).

Question 51

Which president did not deploy armed forces to provide safety for African American students attempting to enter schools to desegregate them?

A) Truman
B) Eisenhower
C) Kennedy
D) All of them deployed troops for this purpose.

Question 52

Which of the following is a form of protest against segregated restaurants in which Black patrons refused to move from Whites-only sections?

A) walk-outs
B) hunger strikes
C) sit-ins
D) violent strikes

Question 53

In 1960, the first nationally publicized sit-in occurred in

A) Montgomery, Alabama.
B) San Francisco, California.
C) Akron, Ohio.
D) Greensboro, North Carolina.

Question 54

Which of the following was not a form of protest used in the civil rights movement?

A) Sit-ins
B) Riots
C) Boycotts
D) Demonstrations

Question 55

A federal law significantly curtailing disenfranchisement of racial and ethnic minorities by banning literacy tests and requiring federal supervision of jurisdictions with a history of voting discrimination is the

A) Civil Rights Act of 1866.
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964.
C) Voting Rights Act of 1965.
D) Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Question 56

A federal law that prevented private businesses from discriminating in service and personnel policies is the

A) Civil Rights Act of 1866.
B) Civil Rights Act of 1964.
C) Voting Rights Act of 1965.
D) Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Question 57

When did the Supreme Court uphold busing of students to achieve integration to end de facto segregation as constitutional?

A) 1954
B) 1962
C) 1971
D) 1993

Question 58

When did the Supreme Court rule that assigning students to schools based on the race of the student is unconstitutional?

A) 1987
B) 1997
C) 2007
D) It is still constitutional.

Question 59

Corrective policies that attempt to help racial and ethnic minorities (as well as women) achieve equality in education and the workforce by providing them with advantages in college admissions, hiring, promotion, and the awarding of contracts is known as

A) corrective action.
B) positive action.
C) affirmative action.
D) positive change.

Question 60

Which of the following cases was specific to the issue of racial quotas in higher education?

A) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
B) Shelby County v. Holder (2013)
C) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
D) All concern racial quotas.

Question 61

Which group is disproportionately harmed by state voter ID laws?

A) Elderly
B) Urban
C) Poor
D) All of the above

Question 62

Which of the following terms refers to people of Spanish or Portuguese colonial ancestry?

A) Hispanic
B) Latino
C) Both Hispanic and Latino
D) Neither term

Question 63

Mexicans who became American citizens by virtue of their land being signed over to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) were subjected to

A) the same kinds of violent intimidation faced by Blacks in the South.
B) the same kinds of segregation faced by Blacks in the South.
C) the same kinds of discrimination faced by Blacks in the South.
D) All of the above

Question 64

In which decades did Mexican American civil rights activists organize protests and boycotts addressing social and economic problems specific to Latinos?

A) 1940s and 1950s
B) 1950s and 1960s
C) 1960s and 1970s
D) This was not the approach taken by Mexican American activists.

Question 65

When did Congress expand the Voting Rights Act to cover "language minorities"?

A) 1965
B) 1975
C) 1985
D) 1995

Question 66

Whose killing by police officers led to nationwide protests in 2020?

A) Philando Castile
B) Michael Brown
C) George Floyd
D) Freddie Gray

Question 67

It was seen as a civil rights defeat when the Supreme Court ruled in Arizona v. United States (2012) concerning SB 1070 that

A) criminal penalties against immigrants are not constitutional.
B) it was not unconstitutional for law enforcement to require those they suspect of being in the country illegally to be detained to show proof of legal residency.
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 68

Which of the following worked to discriminate against Asians?

A) Naturalization Act of 1790
B) Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
C) 1913 California Alien Land Act
D) All of the above

Question 69

Executive Order 9066, which ordered the internment of Japanese Americans and allowed for the seizure of their property, was issued by President

A) A. Lincoln.
B) W. Wilson.
C) F. D. Roosevelt.
D) J. F. Kennedy.

Question 70

Which Supreme Court case upheld internment as constitutional?

A) Ozawa v. United States (1922)
B) United States v. Thind (1923)
C) Lum v. Rice (1927)
D) Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Question 71

When was the Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) founded?

A) 1920
B) 1930
C) 1940
D) 1950

Question 72

Portions of land set aside for American Indians removed from their ancestral lands by the federal government are known as

A) retreats.
B) reservations.
C) shared lands.
D) trusts.

Question 73

Forced assimilation, genocide, and _______ are all examples of government-based discrimination against American Indians.

A) provision of reparations
B) forcible removal from lands
C) deportation
D) None of the above

Question 74

When was the American Indian movement (AIM) formed?

A) 1948
B) 1958
C) 1968
D) 1978

Question 75

American Indians did not gain full American citizenship until

A) 1841.
B) 1898.
C) 1924.
D) 1973.

Question 76

A government policy toward American Indians that allows each tribe to regulate its own people and operate according to its own customs is known as

A) sovereignty.
B) self-reliance.
C) independence.
D) dominion.

Question 77

Large-scale efforts of organizations and activists during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to secure the right to vote for women were known as

A) the suffrage movement.
B) second-wave feminism.
C) the National Organization for Women.
D) None of the above

Question 78

The _______ amendment to the Constitution prohibits gender discrimination in voting.

A) Eighth
B) Fourteenth
C) Nineteenth
D) Twenty-Second

Question 79

A proposed, but unratified, constitutional amendment that would have prevented gender discrimination to the same extent that the Fourteenth Amendment prevents racial and ethnic discrimination is called the

A) Equal Pay for Equal Work Amendment.
B) Equality for All Amendment.
C) Equal Rights Amendment.
D) Gender Equality Amendment.

Question 80

Which of the following demonstrates inequality of outcome suffered by women on account of their gender?

A) Being required to demonstrate citizenship if stopped by law enforcement
B) Being paid less than men for the same job
C) Being relegated to housework and childrearing duties
D) None of the above