Deck 3: Federalism

Question 1

Of the following, what made voting more difficult for Black Georgians in 2018?

A) A voter ID law
B) Closing of voting locations
C) Unregistering voters who had not voted in previous elections
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What change was Stacey Abrams successful in getting passed in Georgia after her loss in the governor's race and fight for fairer voting?

A) Removal of stricter voter ID requirements
B) A prohibition on moving polling locations
C) An extension of the time before officials could drop people from voter registration rolls
D) All of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When did the Supreme Court end the preclearance provision of the Voting Rights Act?

A) 2013
B) 2014
C) 2015
D) 2016

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which response most accurately describes the Supreme Court's ruling on if or when a state can unregister voters?

A) Voters can be unregistered if they did not vote in the previous election.
B) Voters can be unregistered if they failed to respond to state notices.
C) States can never unregister voters.
D) Both A and B

Question 5

Federalism is the balance of power

A) between the national government and the state and local governments.
B) among the three branches of government.
C) between the state governments and the local governments.
D) between the president and the bureaucracy.

Question 6

Which concept concerning complete political authority and power is central to federalism?

A) Freedom
B) Equality
C) Sovereignty
D) Justice

Question 7

The degree to which state and local governments have sovereignty over their regions compared to the degree to which the national government has sovereignty over the entire nation refers to

A) nationalism.
B) absolutism.
C) monarchy.
D) federalism.

Question 8

Which of the following demonstrate the struggle over the balance of power among the three levels of government (national, state, and local)?

A) Voting procedures
B) Firearm laws
C) Education laws
D) All of the above

Question 9

The vast majority of states have _______ legislatures.

A) unicameral
B) bicameral
C) tricameral
D) independent

Question 10

Which state has a unicameral legislature?

A) Nebraska
B) Kansas
C) Ohio
D) Nevada

Question 11

Given the power of state legislatures to create laws for the states, which issue is of particular importance for a state's residents?

A) Justice
B) Freedom
C) Representation
D) Access to resources

Question 12

Every _______ years, states with more than one U.S. House representative must draw new district lines.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 13

Which Supreme Court case ruled that state legislative districts must be roughly equal in population?

A) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
B) Gray v. Sanders (1963)
C) Reynolds v. Sims (1964)
D) Griffin v. Maryland (1964)

Question 14

How do most states redraw their legislative districts lines?

A) The state's House Representatives redraw the districts.
B) The political party that controls the legislature redraws the districts.
C) An independent committee redraws the districts.
D) A committee of political appointees redraws the districts.

Question 15

What was the effect of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

A) The curtailing of the disenfranchisement of racial and ethnic minorities
B) The empowerment of the national government to supervise voting in states and localities with a history of discrimination
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 16

What is the connection between the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and federalism?

A) The national government gained greater power over the state and local governments.
B) The state and local government gained greater power over the national government.
C) The national government lost power over the state and local governments.
D) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following Voting Rights Acts prevented states from drawing legislative districts that were discriminatory against racial and ethnic minorities?

A) 1965
B) 1982
C) 1994
D) 2007

Question 18

Majority-minority districts are legislative districts in which _______ of the residents are members of a specific racial or ethnic minority group.

A) none
B) more than one-quarter
C) more than half
D) more than three-quarters

Question 19

What led to the legalization of majority-minority districts?

A) A Supreme Court ruling against the Voting Rights Act of 1964
B) A Supreme Court ruling against the amended Voting Rights Act of 1982
C) A Supreme Court ruling in favor of the Voting Rights Act of 1964
D) A Supreme Court ruling in favor of the amended Voting Rights Act of 1982

Question 20

The institution of _______ led directly to a significant and sustained increase in the number of minority legislators.

A) the Fourteenth Amendment
B) the Fifteenth Amendment
C) majority-minority districts
D) the Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 21

What power do most governors possess that the U.S. president does not?

A) Line-item veto
B) Power to execute the legislature's laws
C) Power to write legislation
D) Veto power

Question 22

Governors can change legislation by

A) creating legislation.
B) use of the line-item veto.
C) ruling on the constitutionality of specific laws.
D) None of the above

Question 23

What is currently one of the main reasons that there are so few racial and ethnic minorities who have served as governors?

A) Lack of voting rights for racial and ethnic minorities
B) Lack of qualified candidates
C) Racially polarized voting
D) None of the above

Question 24

Which state had the first Hispanic female governor?

A) Nevada
B) California
C) Arizona
D) New Mexico

Question 25

The line-item veto allows governors to

A) reject specific expenditures and taxes without vetoing a bill.
B) change specific policies that are part of a bill.
C) amend legislation.
D) veto legislation.

Question 26

Where do most criminal prosecutions and lawsuits take place?

A) Municipal courts
B) State trial courts
C) State supreme courts
D) The U. S. Supreme Court

Question 27

Which of the following is accurate concerning the workings of state courts compared to federal courts?

A) The methods of selecting judges, as well as their terms, are always the same.
B) Federal judges are always selected directly from the state system.
C) The methods of selecting judges, as well as their terms, differ.
D) State judges must consult federal judges before issuing their rulings.

Question 28

Which of the following are arguments against elected judiciaries?

A) Judicial elections now resemble partisan legislative and executive branch elections.
B) Elected judges will issue judgments based on public opinion rather than the law.
C) Both of the above
D) Neither of the above

Question 29

In what way does the state judicial system hold policymaking power?

A) It can overturn laws that violate the state's constitution.
B) It sets parameters for the progression of civil suits.
C) It establishes rules for criminal procedures.
D) All of the above

Question 30

Which of the following is a principle of local governance in which municipal governments lack independent authority and only draw their power from state governments?

A) A bill of attainder
B) Dillon's Rule
C) Home rule
D) Dual federalism

Question 31

Which of the following is a principle of local governance in which local governments can govern themselves independently of the states?

A) A bill of attainder
B) Dillon's Rule
C) Home rule
D) Dual federalism

Question 32

Which of the following is true of the city of Washington, DC?

A) It does not belong to a state and is controlled by the U. S. Congress and the U. S. president.
B) It does not belong to a state but has full representation rights in the U. S. Congress.
C) It sits inside several states and is represented by each of them.
D) Its representation in the U. S. Congress does not matter because the city is only composed of government buildings and agencies.

Question 33

Cities with large minority populations have been much more likely to have minority mayors since the

A) 1950s.
B) 1960s.
C) 1970s.
D) 1980s.

Question 34

Which of the following is a constitutional provision that gives the national government the authority to regulate commerce among the states, foreign nations, and Indian tribes?

A) Due process clause.
B) Equal protection clause
C) Full faith and credit clause
D) Commerce clause

Question 35

The commerce clause

A) expands the power of the national government.
B) restricts the power of the national government.
C) equalizes the power of the national government with the power of state governments.
D) None of the above

Question 36

Which of the following is a constitutional provision that gives the national government the authority to enact law implied by the enumerated powers?

A) Due process clause
B) Necessary and proper (elastic) clause
C) Full faith and credit clause
D) Commerce clause

Question 37

The necessary and proper clause (or the elastic clause) provides the national government with justification for its

A) veto powers.
B) policy-making powers.
C) enumerated powers.
D) implied powers.

Question 38

Which clause stipulates that the Constitution and national laws are the supreme law of the land, thus resulting in national law superseding state law?

A) Due process clause
B) Necessary and proper (elastic) clause
C) Supremacy clause
D) Extradition clause

Question 39

Which of the following clauses is at work in the prohibition of discriminatory state laws based on national laws prohibiting racial discrimination?

A) Supremacy clause
B) Privileges and immunities clause
C) Interstate compact clause
D) Full faith and credit clause

Question 40

Which clause concerns how states are required to relate to and interact with one another?

A) Full faith and credit clause
B) Privileges and immunities clause
C) Extradition clause
D) All of the above

Question 41

Which of the following currently is an example of the full faith and credit clause?

A) Out-of-state driver's license recognition
B) Marriage recognition
C) Birth certificate recognition
D) All of the above

Question 42

Which clause became obsolete with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment?

A) Fugitive slave clause
B) Interstate compact clause
C) Commerce clause
D) Necessary and proper clause

Question 43

Article I, Section 10, of the Constitution lists powers that are specifically denied to states, such as

A) allowing residents of other states to relocate into their state.
B) establishing their own judicial systems.
C) making treaties with other nations.
D) creating their own laws.

Question 44

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and _______ Amendments dealt with the issue of discrimination against African Americans.

A) Fifth
B) Tenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Twentieth

Question 45

The Nineteenth, Twenty-fourth, and _______ Amendments expanded national authority over states in terms of voter eligibility.

A) Eighteenth
B) Twenty-first
C) Twenty-third
D) Twenty-sixth

Question 46

Which of the following does not expand the authority of the national government?

A) Tenth Amendment
B) Fourteenth Amendment
C) Nineteenth Amendment
D) Twenty-sixth Amendment

Question 47

Which of the following is an amendment to the Constitution that guarantees to the states any powers that are not directly forbidden to them and that are not directly given to the national government?

A) Ninth Amendment
B) Tenth Amendment
C) Eleventh Amendment
D) Twelfth Amendment

Question 48

The "national bank" of the United States was supported by

A) the Necessary and proper clause.
B) the ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819).
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 49

Which Supreme Court ruling expanded the power of the national government in terms of commerce that involved multiple states?

A) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
B) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
D) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Question 50

In which case did the Supreme Court expand state control over civil rights?

A) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
B) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
D) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Question 51

The outcomes of the Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) and the Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) Supreme Court cases reflect which American theoretical tradition?

A) Classical liberalism
B) Classical republicanism
C) Inegalitarianism
D) Libertarianism

Question 52

The type of federalism in which state governments and the national government rule only in their own spheres is known as

A) dual federalism.
B) separate federalism.
C) normal federalism.
D) cooperative federalism.

Question 53

Under dual federalism, the

A) state governments may extend their reach beyond the powers granted in the Constitution.
B) state governments lose all powers granted in the Constitution.
C) national government may extend its reach beyond the powers granted in the Constitution.
D) national government is limited to a strict interpretation of the powers granted in the Constitution.

Question 54

Dual federalism is most closely connected to the idea of

A) individuals' rights.
B) national rights.
C) states' rights.
D) local rights.

Question 55

The idea that workers and consumers suffer without competition is most closely tied to the concept of

A) federalism.
B) monopolies.
C) dual federalism.
D) civil rights.

Question 56

Failed attempts by the national government to ameliorate economic problems of monopolies and child labor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were a result of

A) dual federalism.
B) separate federalism.
C) normal federalism.
D) cooperative federalism.

Question 57

Which of the following is specific to Congress's first major attack on monopolies?

A) Naturalization Act of 1790
B) Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
C) Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
D) Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

Question 58

On what grounds does the government claim that it has the power to break up monopolies?

A) Due process clause
B) Equal protection clause
C) Commerce clause
D) Supremacy clause

Question 59

After the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916, how did the Supreme Court argue that the federal government could not regulate child labor?

A) Child labor occurs at the manufacturing level, rather than the commerce level, thus leaving the issue to the states.
B) Child labor is a family financial issue, thus leaving the issue to individual rights.
C) Child labor is a family financial issue, thus leaving the issue to the states.
D) Child labor relates to commerce, rather than manufacturing, thus leaving the issue to individual rights.

Question 60

Which of the following is an early example of a grant-in-aid?

A) Naturalization Act of 1790
B) Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
C) Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
D) Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

Question 61

What are grants-in-aid?

A) State government expenditures that provide money or property to the national government to gain political favor
B) National government expenditures that provide money or property to the states to accomplish a policy goal
C) National government expenditures that provide money or property to businesses to accomplish a policy goal
D) Local government expenditures that provide money or property to the states to accomplish a policy goal

Question 62

Which of the following is an example of a grant-in-aid that was geared specifically to aid a racial minority group?

A) Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
B) Second Morrill Land Grant Act of 1890
C) Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
D) Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

Question 63

Despite the expanded national authority to regulate civil rights policy based on the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, the U.S. Supreme Court's late nineteenth-century interpretation of these amendments

A) allowed states to engage in unequal treatment and deny rights based on race.
B) allowed states to engage in unequal treatment and deny rights based on sexual orientation.
C) allowed states to engage in unequal treatment and deny rights based on religion.
D) None of the above

Question 64

Which Supreme Court case established the legal principle of separate but equal?

A) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
B) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
C) Wickard v. Filburn (1942)
D) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Question 65

What is the principle of separate but equal?

A) A legal principle that allowed states to segregate the races in public facilities, as long as the state provided each race with basic access to the public facility in question
B) A legal principle that allowed states to segregate the genders in public facilities, as long as the state provided each gender with basic access to the public facility in question
C) A legal principle that allowed the national government to segregate the races in public facilities, as long as it provided each race with basic access to the public facility in question
D) A legal principle that allowed the national government to segregate the genders in public facilities, as long as it provided each gender with basic access to the public facility in question

Question 66

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, how did the Supreme Court justify the separate but equal doctrine?

A) Due process clause
B) Equal protection clause
C) Commerce clause
D) Supremacy clause

Question 67

When did the period of dual federalism end?

A) 1910s
B) 1930s
C) 1950s
D) 1970s

Question 68

The type of federalism in which the national government expands its power and blurs the lines between national and state authority is known as

A) dual federalism.
B) separate federalism.
C) normal federalism.
D) cooperative federalism.

Question 69

Which of the following concepts refers to the application of the Bill of Rights to state and local governments?

A) Home rule
B) Incorporation
C) Grants-in-aid
D) Regulation

Question 70

Which of the following constitutes an area in which the national government's authority has increased relative to the states since the 1930s?

A) Economic regulation
B) Civil rights policies
C) Incorporation
D) All of the above

Question 71

The New Deal was a demonstration of the

A) state governments' increasing power over economic regulation.
B) state governments' decreasing power over economic regulation.
C) national government's increasing power over economic regulation.
D) national government's decreasing power over economic regulation.

Question 72

Categorical grants are

A) grants-in-aid that contain numerous, detailed provisions on how the states and local governments use the money.
B) directives the national government issues to state and local governments without compensating them for complying.
C) grants-in-aid from the national government that are general, contain minimal regulations, and give states and local governments considerable discretion on how the money should be used.
D) All of the above

Question 73

Unfunded mandates are

A) grants-in-aid that contain numerous, detailed provisions on how the states and local governments use the money.
B) directives the national government issues to state and local governments without compensating them for complying.
C) grants-in-aid from the national government that are general, contain minimal regulations, and give states and local governments considerable discretion on how the money should be used.
D) All of the above

Question 74

Block grants are

A) grants-in-aid that contain numerous, detailed provisions on how the states and local governments use the money.
B) directives the national government issues to state and local governments without compensating them for complying.
C) grants-in-aid from the national government that are general, contain minimal regulations, and give states and local governments considerable discretion on how the money should be used.
D) All of the above

Question 75

Which of the following addressed racial discrimination committed by private businesses by making this discrimination illegal?

A) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
B) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
C) Civil Rights Act of 1964
D) Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 76

What was the Supreme Court's basis for upholding the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A) Racial discrimination substantially affects interstate commerce.
B) Racial discrimination substantially affects due process.
C) Racial discrimination substantially affects equal protection.
D) Racial discrimination substantially affects national sovereignty.

Question 77

How did the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 restrict tribal authority?

A) It did not allow tribes to expand individual rights to Indians living on tribal land.
B) It removed tribal governments from authority over tribal land.
C) It expanded the individual rights of Indians living on tribal land.
D) It allowed the national government to remove tribal land from tribal governance.

Question 78

Which of the following relate to gender and cooperative federalism?

A) Reed v. Reed (1971)
B) Roe v. Wade (1973)
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 79

A partial return of power to state and local governments from the national government is called

A) revolution.
B) devolution.
C) evolution.
D) None of the above

Question 80

The idea that "the era of big government is over" related to which concept?

A) Dual federalism
B) Cooperative federalism
C) Devolution
D) Revolution