Deck 7: The North American Southwest

Question 1

____________________ was not one of the great traditions of the Southwest.

A) Ancestral Pueblo
B) Hohokam
C) Mandan
D) Mogollon

Answer 1

C

Question 2

____________________ were common in the Basketmaker phases of the Ancestral Pueblo.

A) Mammoth bone structures
B) Tepees
C) Treehouses
D) Pithouses

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A well-known Hohokam site in Arizona is called _____________________________.

A) Snaketown
B) Monte Verde
C) Petra
D) Serpent Mound

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A kiva is:

A) a revered elder of the Hohokam.
B) a circular ceremonial and communal structure.
C) a defensive cliff dwelling.
D) a feathered serpent in Pueblo oral tradition.

Question 5

In the North American Southwest the BM period signifies __________________________.

A) Basketmaker
B) Bison Midden
C) Black Mesa
D) Basin McPhee

Question 6

Shabik'eschee Village is a large pithouse community in _________________________.

A) Idaho
B) Puerto Rico
C) Texas
D) New Mexico

Question 7

The __________ to ____________ transition is a defining feature of the P I period.

A) pueblo; phenomenon
B) pueblo; kiva
C) pithouse; pueblo
D) kiva; jacal

Question 8

The abbreviation P I refers to the ______________ I period.

A) Phase
B) Pueblo
C) Pottery
D) Paleoamerican

Question 9

_________________ were fully domesticated in the P I period.

A) Alpacas
B) Bison
C) Guinea pigs
D) Turkeys

Question 10

Chacoan outliers were linked to the canyon by a series of __________________.

A) roads
B) gradually descending steps
C) slab-lined mazes
D) whitewater rapids

Question 11

Most of the logs imported into Chaco Canyon were from _______________________.

A) acacia
B) Leyland cypress
C) ponderosa pine
D) coast redwood

Question 12

Archaeologists have identified approximately _______ Chacoan outliers.

A) 9
B) 67
C) 115
D) 200

Question 13

Pottery vessels from Chaco contained ______________ residue.

A) cacao
B) cheese
C) whale blubber
D) macaw

Question 14

Based on ethnographic observations, many archaeologists assume that grain grinding was a __________________ task among the Ancestral Pueblo.

A) rare
B) female
C) warrior
D) forbidden

Question 15

__________________ is another name for the Ancestral Pueblo of the American Southwest.

A) Paleopueblo
B) Anasazi
C) Hohokam
D) Chuska

Question 16

The Mesa Verde region featured _________________ kivas.

A) star-shaped
B) triangular
C) keyhole-shaped
D) octagonal

Question 17

The decline of the Chaco Phenomenon began about ________________.

A) 1100 cal BC
B) AD 1130
C) AD 1532
D) AD 780

Question 18

___________________ is an enduring figure of Hopi oral tradition.

A) Viracocha
B) Ponda Baba
C) Gilgamesh
D) Kokopele

Question 19

Which of these Southwestern peoples were most associated with canal irrigation?

A) Patayan
B) Ancestral Pueblo
C) Mimbres
D) Hohokam

Question 20

Mesoamerican-style ballcourts were found at _____________________.

A) Atl Atl Cave
B) Snaketown
C) Pueblo Bonito
D) Chetro Ketl

Question 21

__________________ is a well-preserved Hohokam great house south of modern-day Phoenix.

A) Casa Grande
B) Kin Bineola
C) Sunflower Ruin
D) Pueblo Alta

Question 22

________________ Pueblo had three roomblock structures divided by a stream (now dry).

A) Turkey
B) Jackrabbit
C) Grasshopper
D) Macaw

Question 23

The Classic Mimbres phase site _______ Ranch included roomblocks and kivas.

A) CRM
B) NAN
C) NAGPRA
D) BM

Question 24

Boiling stones made of ________________ may even have compensated for some of the nutritional deficiencies of a high corn diet.

A) limestone
B) granite
C) sandstone
D) pumice

Question 25

Which of these techniques would be best applied to dating Mimbres ceramics?

A) Radiocarbon dating
B) Paleomagnetism
C) Potassium-argon dating
D) Thermoluminescence

Question 26

According to human behavioral ecology, ____________ has initially higher marginal costs than ____________.

A) foraging; farming
B) fishing; farming
C) farming; foraging
D) foraging; feasting

Question 27

What is jacal?

A) A stick and mud construction technique.
B) An edible and moisture-filled cactus.
C) A Puebloan pottery style.
D) A mythical beast of the Sonoran desert.

Question 28

The taller stature of Chaco's great house inhabitants suggests:

A) that Chacoan elites were chosen based on height.
B) that they interbred with Neandertals.
C) that they had better nutrition.
D) that meat was not part of their diet.

Question 29

The central great houses of Chaco are sometimes referred to as ______________________.

A) "downtown"
B) "outliers"
C) "the place where time began"
D) "elite zone"

Question 30

Chaco Canyon reached its social and economic peak during the _______________ Phase.

A) Early Agricultural
B) Dynastic
C) Formative
D) Bonito

Question 31

In the North American Southwest, the Paleoamerican period is followed by the Archaic period.

Question 32

California is not considered part of the Southwest archaeological region.

Question 33

Chaco Canyon was part of the Hohokam cultural tradition.

Question 34

The most well-known great house of Chaco Canyon is Mos Eisley.

Question 35

Iron was imported into Chaco Canyon during the Bonito Phase.

Question 36

There is very little evidence of warfare in the Ancestral Pueblo region.

Question 37

It is possible to boil water in a tightly-woven basket without exposing the basket to open flames.

Question 38

Extraordinary organic materials preserve in the Southwest because of its dry conditions.

Question 39

Maize was first domesticated by the Ancestral Pueblo.

Question 40

The North American Southwest has particularly well-established tree-ring sequences.

Question 41

What were the seven Ancestral Pueblo periods discussed in Chapter 7?

Question 42

What is the pithouse-to-pueblo transition?

Question 43

Why are Mimbres bowls usually found broken and/or with a hole punched in the center?

Question 44

Describe a kiva. What were these used for?

Question 45

What types of material remains suggest that Chaco Canyon had a trade relationship with Mesoamerica?

Question 46

How does the figure of Kokopele link Ancestral Pueblo and modern Hopi people?

Question 47

Why did ceramics become preferable to basketry in BM III and into P I?

Question 48

Where did the maize and squash incorporated by Late Archaic hunter-gatherer-foragers originate?

Question 49

What features made Hohokam canal irrigation so remarkable?

Question 50

Why do we not refer to an agricultural "revolution" in the Southwest?

Question 51

Describe the Chaco Phenomenon. What details made Chaco so phenomenal?

Question 52

"Despite the variety of landforms and vegetation, the entire Southwest is dry. Everywhere, water is the critical resource for life" (Cordell 1997:3. Archaeology of the Southwest). How did this basic environmental fact affect people in the North American Southwest?

Question 53

What archaeological evidence suggests social stratification, or a separation between elites and commoners, in and around Chaco Canyon? Is there widespread agreement about the nature of political power in the canyon?

Question 54

In subsequent chapters, we will see a number of instances of violence and warfare in prehistoric societies around the globe. Based on the discussion in Chapter 7, how much violence and warfare occurred in the Ancestral Pueblo region? What evidence can you cite?

Question 55

What factors likely played a role in the abandonment of the Ancestral Pueblo, Hohokam, and Mogollon regions? How were the Spanish involved? Why is it inaccurate to say that these Ancestral people "disappeared"?