Deck 13: Race, Racial Bias, and Health Care

Question 1

_______ describes person-to-person acts of intolerance or discrimination.

A) Structural racism
B) Individual racism
C) Inferiorizing
D) Racial antipathy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

_______ describes the treatment of certain groups as inferior to other groups.

A) Structural racism
B) Individual racism
C) Inferiorizing
D) Racial antipathy

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_______ describes general racial bigotry, hostility, and hatred.

A) Structural racism
B) Individual racism
C) Inferiorizing
D) Racial antipathy

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Racism is

A) morally wrong.
B) empirically wrong.
C) morally wrong and empirically wrong.
D) neither morally wrong nor empirically wrong.

Question 5

The idea that people can be divided into discrete groups based on their common biological and cultural traits originated in the

A) ancient world.
B) sixteenth century.
C) pre-Civil War South.
D) 1960s.

Question 6

Scientific research debunked the conclusions of scientific racism by showing that they were based on

A) obvious biases.
B) faulty assumptions.
C) methodological errors.
D) All of the above

Question 7

Race constructivists argue that we still need the concept of race

A) because it is based in biological fact.
B) because race-based social grouping has led to differences in resources, opportunities, and well-being.
C) to facilitate race-based social movements or policies.
D) Both b and c

Question 8

Racial discrimination can lead to health disparities because

A) residential segregation can exacerbate the rates of disease among people of color.
B) physicians can have subconscious biases that systematically differ so that people of color are treated worse than non-POC individuals.
C) chronic experiences of racial discrimination have deleterious effects on the physical and mental health of individuals.
D) All of the above

Question 9

Using race as a factor in determining appropriate treatment for patients is called

A) implicit bias.
B) race-based medicine.
C) explicit bias.
D) inferiorization.

Question 10

Race-based health disparities can be found in

A) infant mortality.
B) life expectancy.
C) age-adjusted death rates.
D) All of the above

Question 11

_______ are differences among populations in mortality and disease.

A) Life expectancies
B) Age-adjusted death rates
C) Health disparities
D) Implicit biases

Question 12

_______ reflect the degree to which fundamental living conditions of a society-socioeconomic, environmental, and health care related-help people live long and healthy lives.

A) Life expectancies
B) Age-adjusted death rates
C) Health disparities
D) Implicit biases

Question 13

_______ sum up deaths in a population from all causes except old age.

A) Life expectancies
B) Age-adjusted death rates
C) Health disparities
D) Implicit biases

Question 14

Residential segregation contributes to health disparities by

A) constraining opportunities to engage in recommended health behaviors, such as walking.
B) increasing implicit biases of healthcare providers
C) decreasing the altruism of healthcare providers.
D) All of the above

Question 15

Race is a social, as opposed to a biological, construction.

Question 16

There are no general genes for race, such that, once identified, their presence could be used to predict secondary racial characteristics.

Question 17

The consensus among scientists and scholars is that the traditional view of races-that there are distinct groups of people sharing significant biological characteristics-is wrong.

Question 18

Racial health disparities are solely the result of differences in socioeconomic status (e.g., income, education).

Question 19

Implicit bias is a highly controversial concept with little empirical evidence supporting its existence.

Question 20

The vast majority of provider discrimination causing disparities is a product of explicit, not implicit, bias.

Question 21

Studies of the genetic structure of human populations continue to find more variation within racial groups than between them.

Question 22

The presuppositions that distinct races exist and that important, inherent differences among them can be distinguished alone constitute racism.

Question 23

Racism is morally but not empirically wrong.

Question 24

Research suggests that structural racism is a significant cause of race-based health disparities.

Question 25

Implicit biases often have a more powerful impact on behavior than explicitly held beliefs.

Question 26

Using algorithms for allocating health care to patients is the best way to end systematic discrimination.

Question 27

U.S. infant mortality rates have decreased since 2005 for the overall population and within each racial and ethnic group.

Question 28

Non-Hispanic Black mothers have a higher percentage of preterm births than any other racial or ethnic group.

Question 29

Studies show that members of all groups, including white people, report experiencing racial discrimination.

Question 30

If race in the biological sense does not exist, why do scholars think we might still need the concept of race?

Question 31

What is the most widely accepted explanation for racial health inequalities?

Question 32

Describe how racism is morally wrong by explaining how it violates the fundamental moral principles of respect for persons, justice, and utility.

Question 33

Describe the problems with using race as a treatment determinant in health care.

Question 34

Identify three ways racial segregation drives health disparities.