Deck 12: Clinical Epidemiology

Question 1

A screening test for a newly discovered disease is being evaluated. In order to determine the effectiveness of the new test, it was administered to 900 workers. 150 of the individuals diagnosed with the disease tested positive. A negative test finding occurred in 60 people who had the disease. A total of 50 persons not diseased tested positive for it. Assume the prior probability is not known.
-What was the sensitivity of the test?

A) 0.75
B) 0.71
C) 0.88
D) 0.93
E) 0.91

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A screening test for a newly discovered disease is being evaluated. In order to determine the effectiveness of the new test, it was administered to 900 workers. 150 of the individuals diagnosed with the disease tested positive. A negative test finding occurred in 60 people who had the disease. A total of 50 persons not diseased tested positive for it. Assume the prior probability is not known.
-What was the specificity of the test?

A) 0.75
B) 0.71
C) 0.88
D) 0.93
E) 0.91

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A screening test for a newly discovered disease is being evaluated. In order to determine the effectiveness of the new test, it was administered to 900 workers. 150 of the individuals diagnosed with the disease tested positive. A negative test finding occurred in 60 people who had the disease. A total of 50 persons not diseased tested positive for it. Assume the prior probability is not known.
-What was the predictive value of a positive test?

A) 0.75
B) 0.71
C) 0.88
D) 0.93
E) 0.91

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A screening test for a newly discovered disease is being evaluated. In order to determine the effectiveness of the new test, it was administered to 900 workers. 150 of the individuals diagnosed with the disease tested positive. A negative test finding occurred in 60 people who had the disease. A total of 50 persons not diseased tested positive for it. Assume the prior probability is not known.
-What was the predictive value of a negative test?

A) 0.75
B) 0.71
C) 0.88
D) 0.93
E) 0.91

Question 5

A screening test for a newly discovered disease is being evaluated. In order to determine the effectiveness of the new test, it was administered to 900 workers. 150 of the individuals diagnosed with the disease tested positive. A negative test finding occurred in 60 people who had the disease. A total of 50 persons not diseased tested positive for it. Assume the prior probability is not known.
-What is the overall accuracy of the test?

A) 0.75
B) 0.71
C) 0.88
D) 0.93
E) 0.91

Question 6

A screening test for a newly discovered disease is being evaluated. In order to determine the effectiveness of the new test, it was administered to 900 workers. 150 of the individuals diagnosed with the disease tested positive. A negative test finding occurred in 60 people who had the disease. A total of 50 persons not diseased tested positive for it. Assume the prior probability is not known.
-What is the LR+ of the test?

A) 9.9
B) 0.2
C) 0.3
D) 0.4
E) 9.1

Question 7

A screening test for a newly discovered disease is being evaluated. In order to determine the effectiveness of the new test, it was administered to 900 workers. 150 of the individuals diagnosed with the disease tested positive. A negative test finding occurred in 60 people who had the disease. A total of 50 persons not diseased tested positive for it. Assume the prior probability is not known.
-What is the LR- of the test?

A) 9.9
B) 0.2
C) 0.3
D) 0.4
E) 9.1

Question 8

Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation for LR-?

A) A negative test score is very unlikely to have come from a person with the health problem.
B) A negative test score is suggestive, but insufficient to rule out the health problem.
C) A negative test score is uninformative for ruling out disorder.

Question 9

Match the following definitions to their correct term.
-Measures what it is supposed to measure
(a) validity
(b) reliability
(c) yield

Question 10

Match the following definitions to their correct term.
-Repeatability
(a) validity
(b) reliability
(c) yield

Question 11

Match the following definitions to their correct term.
-Amount in a given time period
(a) validity
(b) reliability
(c) yield

Question 12

Which of the following describes lead-time bias?

A) Slow-progressing cases of disease with a better prognosis are more likely to be identified than faster-progressing cases of disease with a poorer prognosis.
B) Screening advances the time of diagnosis, making it difficult to evaluate the benefit of early treatment.
C) Occurs when screening identifies an illness that would not have shown clinical signs before a person's death from other causes