Deck 10: Civil Society and Business

Question 1

What is civil society? Please select all that apply.

A) Non-profit-distributing organizations.
B) Civil society encompasses both public and private organizations.
C) Involved in the promotion of societal interests, causes and/or goals.
D) Examples include social enterprises, non-governmental organizations, and religious groups.

Answer 1

A,C,D

Question 2

Crane et al identify different types of CSOs: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Sectional group aims

A) Self-interest
B) Social goals
C) Threat of withdrawal
D) Mass media publicity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Crane et al identify different types of CSOs: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Promotional group aims

A) Self-interest
B) Social goals
C) Threat of withdrawal
D) Mass media publicity

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Crane et al identify different types of CSOs: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Sectional groups exert pressure through

A) Self-interest
B) Social goals
C) Threat of withdrawal
D) Mass media publicity

Question 5

Crane et al identify different types of CSOs: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Promotional groups exert pressure through

A) Self-interest
B) Social goals
C) Threat of withdrawal
D) Mass media publicity

Question 6

Carefully read the following statements about recognizing CSO stakes in business and indicate which of them Crane et al would agree with. Please select all that apply.

A) The boundaries defining which CSOs can reasonably be defined as stakeholders are permeable and evolving, rather than concrete and fixed.
B) In any given company, the definition of 'who our stakeholders are' is a matter of objective observation based on an instrumental approach.
C) Firms are more likely to recognize and respond to CSOs that are known, trusted, and not too critical.
D) Companies should not waste their resources listening to and engaging with every organization that takes issue with their policies.

Question 7

Boycotts are probably the most widely used form of non-violent direct action. Friedman (1999) suggests a number of purposes that CSOs may have for boycotts: which of the following is not one of Friedman's suggestions?

A) Instrumental boycotts aim to force the target company to change a specific policy.
B) Catalytic boycotts seek to raise awareness about the company's actions and policies.
C) Promotional boycotts aim to shift business from one company to the sector's best performer as a means of encouraging weaker companies to change their policies.
D) Punitive boycotts seek to punish the target company for its actions, actively aiming to cause harm (usually by aiming for significant erosion of sales).

Question 8

What is the Accountability Charter, which was launched in 2006?

A) Guidelines from the world's largest CSOs for firms on how best to interact with NGOs.
B) The charter is to serve as a code of conduct for NGOs on the international stage.
C) A set of UN guidelines for CSOs active internationally.
D) A set of standards and key performance indicators to help NGOs achieve accountability.

Question 9

Which of the following statements on global issues and causes would Crane et al agree with?

A) CSOs have been careful to avoid making use of the tools and phenomena that they criticize in globalization.
B) The civil society challenge to globalization has seen existing NGOs start to shift their focus and concentrate on a range of causes mainly relating to aspects of globalization.
C) The anti-globalization movement echoes the postmodern take on ethics, with its challenge of society's existing 'grand narratives' and its suggestions for new universal guiding principles.
D) Global issues raise the prospect of coordinated global attention from international CSOs and multinational corporations.

Question 10

________ has brought multinationals into confrontation with an extended community of CSOs as well as catalysing the growth, and physical presence, of CSOs.

Question 11

The degree of interaction between business and CSOs has intensified at the same time as it has increased in scope and incidence. Which of the following do Crane et al identify as one of the risks?

A) The CSO loses all public trust and legitimacy
B) The business may not reap sufficient benefits from the collaboration to justify its continued involvement.
C) Corporations co-opt their CSO partners, threatening the independence that makes the CSO sector such an important balance to corporate power.
D) CSO partners co-opt the business managers, undermining the company's principal-agent relationship

Question 12

Complete the table summarizing some of the key differences between a social enterprise and a corporation.
-Role of profit in a social enterprise

A) Profit earning; limits on profit distribution.
B) Profit maximizing.
C) Based on participation and democracy amongst stakeholders.
D) Based on accountability to providers of capital.

Question 13

Complete the table summarizing some of the key differences between a social enterprise and a corporation.
-Role of profit in a corporation

A) Profit earning; limits on profit distribution.
B) Profit maximizing.
C) Based on participation and democracy amongst stakeholders.
D) Based on accountability to providers of capital.

Question 14

Complete the table summarizing some of the key differences between a social enterprise and a corporation.
-Governance of a social enterprise

A) Profit earning; limits on profit distribution.
B) Profit maximizing.
C) Based on participation and democracy amongst stakeholders.
D) Based on accountability to providers of capital.

Question 15

Complete the table summarizing some of the key differences between a social enterprise and a corporation.
-Governance of a corporation

A) Profit earning; limits on profit distribution.
B) Profit maximizing.
C) Based on participation and democracy amongst stakeholders.
D) Based on accountability to providers of capital.

Question 16

The Marine Stewardship Council, the Ethical Trading Initiative and the HSBC Climate International Partnership are all examples of _________.

A) Government-business collaborations
B) Business-CSO collaborations
C) CSO initiatives
D) Business initiatives

Question 17

One of the most prominent issues which CSO's face is how to balance their moral orientation and integrity whilst making a positive contribution to business practice.

Question 18

Which of the below is not a significant benefit of employee volunteering?

A) Enhancing firm reputation.
B) Tax benefits.
C) Enhancing employee morale.
D) Better job performance by employees.

Question 19

While a CSO aims to create social value, produce social goods and is funded through grants, donations and membership fees, a _______ aims to create social and economic value through the production of social goods and services and is, at least partially, self-funded.

Question 20

Crane et al identify four different types of boycotts: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Instrumental Boycotts

A) Aim to force a company to change a specific policy.
B) Seek to raise awareness about a company and its policies.
C) A general form of displeasure about a company.
D) Seek to punish a company for its actions.

Question 21

Crane et al identify four different types of boycotts: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Catalytic Boycotts

A) Aim to force a company to change a specific policy.
B) Seek to raise awareness about a company and its policies.
C) A general form of displeasure about a company.
D) Seek to punish a company for its actions.

Question 22

Crane et al identify four different types of boycotts: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Expressive Boycotts

A) Aim to force a company to change a specific policy.
B) Seek to raise awareness about a company and its policies.
C) A general form of displeasure about a company.
D) Seek to punish a company for its actions.

Question 23

Crane et al identify four different types of boycotts: match the different kinds with their different qualities.
-Punitive Boycotts

A) Aim to force a company to change a specific policy.
B) Seek to raise awareness about a company and its policies.
C) A general form of displeasure about a company.
D) Seek to punish a company for its actions.

Question 24

_______ has been instrumental in developing sustainability theory and practice given the long-term interaction of a wide range of organisations such as charities, NGOs and development agencies with social, economic and environmental issues.