Deck 19: The US Expands Its Reach, 1892-1912

Question 1

The exhibit of the Philippines at the St. Louis World's Fair was called a

A)"reservation."
B)"colony."
C)"civilization."
D)"village."

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What had changed for European powers in the last quarter of the 19^th century?

A)They had acquired considerable colonial possessions in Latin America.
B)They had lost much of their colonial empires in Africa.
C)They lost much of their colonial empires in Asia to Japan.
D)Revolutions had divested them of almost all their colonies in Latin America.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

How did Great Britain and the United States generally try to create new consumers?

A)through colonization
B)with open-door policies
C)by enforcing increased birthrates
D)by waging war

Answer 3

B

Question 4

How did the British poet Rudyard Kipling label the responsibility of Anglo-Saxons to "enlighten" nonwhite peoples?

A)English understatement
B)common sense
C)the white man's burden
D)noblesse oblige

Question 5

What did it mean for Indians, Puerto Ricans, and Filipinos to be "nationals"?

A)They enjoyed all the privileges of citizenship but did not have to pay taxes.
B)They had the same status as immigrants, but were allowed to vote.
C)They were de facto citizens, but did not need to serve in the Army.
D)They owed allegiance to the US but did not enjoy the privileges of citizenship.

Question 6

Why did Americans like Alfred Thayer Mahan advocate for a muscular foreign policy?

A)They feared the expansion of Russian communism.
B)They were concerned about Filipino resistance.
C)They viewed war as an antidote to "overcivilization."
D)They were nervously watching the rise of the Japanese Empire.

Question 7

The architect of the new foreign policy in the 1880s that vowed to protect American interests in Latin America was

A)James G. Blaine.
B)Grover Cleveland.
C)Theodore Roosevelt.
D)James Garfield.

Question 8

How did president Grover Cleveland respond to the proposal of American residents in Hawaii to annex the islands in 1894?

A)He eagerly accepted the offer and Hawaii became a US territory.
B)He declined because Hawaii had been taken without the islanders' consent.
C)He declared Hawaii the 46^th state in the nation.
D)He rejected the offer because he knew that the majority of Hawaiians would vote Democratic.

Question 9

Why did many Americans watch the Cuban Spanish war with so much concern?

A)They expected a renewed expansion of the Spanish Empire in Central America.
B)They feared the rise of the socialist revolution in Cuba.
C)They worried that Cuban cotton plantations might be destroyed.
D)They feared that Cuba would be plucked by a much more powerful European rival.

Question 10

The first American victory in the war against Spain took place in

A)Havana harbor.
B)the Philippines.
C)Puerto Rico.
D)Samoa.

Question 11

The majority of American soldiers in the Spanish-American war died from

A)roadside bombs.
B)sniper attacks.
C)food poisoning and disease.
D)friendly fire.

Question 12

Critics of the acquisition of Puerto Rico and the Philippines worried that the US might undermine its most cherished value, that of

A)property.
B)the right to bear arms.
C)religious freedom.
D)self-determination

Question 13

How did the Jones-Shafroth Act improve the lives of Puerto Ricans in 1917?

A)It barred them from the military draft for World War I.
B)It declared Puerto Ricans "white."
C)It granted Puerto Ricans citizenship.
D)It affirmed Puerto Ricans' right to vote.

Question 14

Which American president did anti-imperialists site to bolster their argument?

A)James Madison
B)George Washington
C)Thomas Jefferson
D)Abraham Lincoln

Question 15

In the view of most Americans, the war against Emilio Aguinaldo and Filipino nationalists at the turn-of-the-century was just another

A)civil war.
B)war for independence.
C)Indian war.
D)suppression of a slave rebellion.

Question 16

How did Germany respond to the "open door" note of Secretary of State John Hay in 1899?

A)They affirmed the policy.
B)They refused to ensure its implementation.
C)They rejected it.
D)They removed their colonial administration from its Chinese protectorate.

Question 17

How did anti-imperialist critics of the McKinley administration view the Boxer Rebellion?

A)They saw it as proof of the growing Communist movement in Asia.
B)They begrudgingly had to concede that McKinley handled the crisis correctly.
C)They saw the rebellion has another symptom of the wrong-headed policies of the United States.
D)They were outraged over the violence that Chinese rebels had brought on American troops.

Question 18

Among the first troops mobilized to invade Cuba were four regiments of

A)"Buffalo Soldiers."
B)former Confederates.
C)Chinese American conscripts.
D)immigrant volunteers.

Question 19

Why did the War Department question whether it should send black troops to the Philippines?

A)They had shown themselves to be poor fighters in Cuba.
B)So many of them had died in the Cuban campaign that the War Department did not want to bring more suffering on the black community.
C)Black protests over the colonization of the Philippines were particularly loud.
D)Scores of white soldiers had complained in Cuba about the poor behavior of their black comrades in arms.

Question 20

Who famously said "speak softly and carry a big stick"?

A)Grover Cleveland
B)William Howard Taft
C)Theodore Roosevelt
D)John Muir

Question 21

Why did the United States secure the independence of Panama in 1903?

A)The government of Colombia, of which Panama had been a province, had committed brutal atrocities.
B)President Roosevelt believed in the right to self-determination even for nonwhite peoples.
C)Columbia had rejected Roosevelt's canal proposal and Panama offered to secure this waterway.
D)The United States resented the Latin American presence of Great Britain, the colonial power that had ruled in Panama.

Question 22

How did the Roosevelt corollary subvert the Monroe doctrine?

A)It asserted the nation's right to intervene in internal affairs in Latin America.
B)It supported revolutionary movements in Central America.
C)It invited European powers as partners and governance of Latin America.
D)It declared all of Central America an American colony.

Question 23

Which nation did President Theodore Roosevelt try to impress with the "Great White Fleet"?

A)Great Britain
B)Germany
C)Russia
D)Japan

Question 24

Who did president William Howard Taft appoint as his Secretary of State?

A)Emilio Aguinaldo
B)Philander C. Knox
C)Theodore Roosevelt
D)Woodrow Wilson

Question 25

Why did President Taft order Marines to Nicaragua in 1912?

A)The revolutionary Sandinista regime had initiated dramatic land reforms.
B)The ruling family had committed heinous atrocities against their own people.
C)Nicaraguans had risen up in protest against their pro-American president.
D)Taft had hoped to unite Panama and Nicaragua into one new American protectorate.

Question 26

In the 1890s, which new science ranked the world's peoples in a racial hierarchy according to their supposed stage of development?

A)biology
B)political science
C)anthropology
D)philology

Question 27

Which of the following best summarizes the beliefs of congregational minister Josiah Strong?

A)"The missionary follows the businessman."
B)"Commerce follows the missionary."
C)"The missionary follows the Army."
D)"Army and businessmen go hand in hand."

Question 28

The depression of the 1870s and 1890s convinced many Americans that the source of economic turmoil was

A)over-production.
B)under-consumption.
C)government regulation.
D)the power of unions.

Question 29

Theodore Roosevelt was one of the leading disciples of the cult of

A)the strenuous life.
B)domesticity.
C)professionalism.
D)technology.

Question 30

What asset of the Philippines was President William McKinley interested in?

A)its skilled workforce
B)its large cotton plantations
C)Manila Bay
D)its powerful merchant marine

Question 31

According to the New York Times, what was the most popular question asked of guides at the St. Louis world's fair in 1904?

A)Which way to the carousels?
B)Which way to Edison?
C)Which way to the Philippines?
D)Which way to Cuba?

Question 32

What about the Filipino exhibit at the St. Louis World's Fair created the most controversy?

A)the lack of clothing on members of the exhibit
B)the shameless exhibit of living people
C)the openly racist presentation of Filipinos
D)the inclusion of Southern Pacific wildlife in the exhibit

Question 33

Why was American expansion abroad not a dramatic departure from previous policies?

A)The United States had looked for overseas territories since Thomas Jefferson.
B)The annexations of territories in the Pacific at the turn-of-the-century happened on mutually agreed terms.
C)The federal government had pursued westward expansion within the continental United States since the nation's founding.
D)While the United States had toyed with the idea of expansion at the turn-of-the-century, it never actually did.

Question 34

Why did European powers meet in Berlin in 1884?

A)to deal with rival claims to the Congo
B)to discuss their claims on Latin America
C)to negotiate peace between France and Germany
D)to agree on a joint policy towards China

Question 35

Which of the following statements best assesses the impact of colonialism in the world between 1876 and 1915?

A)The world's powers claimed roughly a quarter of the globe's lands and peoples.
B)Every single nation in the world was affected by the power grab of European empires.
C)The colonization of the world was an exclusively European venture that the rest of the world watched in disgust.
D)African kingdoms participated in the colonization of their neighbors just as aggressively as did Europeans.

Question 36

What common assumptions did missionaries bring to foreign nations in the late 19th century?

A)They considered native cultures superior.
B)They had little respect for local religion, but admired their politics.
C)They expected natives to yield to their "superior" civilized ways.
D)They generally assumed natives would resist them forcefully.

Question 37

By the 1850s, what percentage of businesses on the islands of Hawaii were owned by Americans?

A)35
B)50
C)65
D)75

Question 38

How did the young historian Frederick Jackson Turner respond to the growing anxiety of Americans in 1893?

A)He revealed the sexual relationship between Thomas Jefferson and one of his slaves.
B)He discovered the historical origins of the economic depression of the 1890s.
C)He argued that the "closing" of the frontier would have devastating consequences for American society.
D)He laid out in precise detail how Americans had acted like imperialists against Native Americans for most of the 19th century.

Question 39

Which European power remained a major player in the Western hemisphere in the late 19th century?

A)Germany
B)France
C)Great Britain
D)Spain

Question 40

Why did Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan believe that the United States needed a "New Navy"?

A)He contended that history proved that a powerful Navy was central to national greatness and international power.
B)He had conducted a survey of the existing US fleet and found the ships in shocking disrepair.
C)He argued that the United States could no longer rely on its allies to protect it from enemies overseas.
D)He believed that the future of economic development depended on sea exploration, a field in which the United States lagged far behind.

Question 41

What were the original war aims of the United States in Cuba in 1898?

A)ruin the Spanish Empire
B)gain a new sugar
C)aid Cuban independence
D)protect its claim on Guantánamo Bay

Question 42

Why did trade with Cuba and Brazil explode in the 1890s?

A)The two nations had gained independence.
B)The reciprocal tariff dramatically reduced the cost of this trade.
C)The devaluation of the dollar through silver coinage made American products affordable there.
D)The two nations had introduced free market reforms at the urging of American economists.

Question 43

Why did Americans begin to pursue the US annexation of Hawaii in the 1890s?

A)The McKinley tariff was threatening the American sugar industry there.
B)The Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani was trying to dispossess American landowners.
C)American missionaries were increasingly distraught about Japanese immigration to the islands.
D)Socialist revolutionaries on the island were threatening to overthrow the Republic of Hawaii.

Question 44

Who stood at the head of the coup against the queen of Hawaii, Liliuokalani, in 1893?

A)William Howard Taft
B)Theodore Roosevelt
C)Sanford B Dole
D)William Randolph Hearst

Question 45

What had plunged Cuba into an economic crisis in 1894?

A)US tariff agreements granted Hawaiian sugar favored status.
B)Spanish bureaucrats imposed excessively high tariffs on Cuban sugar.
C)Congress had enacted the reciprocal tariff agreement the previous year.
D)The underground activities of Cuban revolutionaries were harming Cuban businesses.

Question 46

How did William McKinley initially respond to the Cuban uprising?

A)He demanded that Spain implement reforms to end the Cuban revolt.
B)He tried to convince Congress to declare war against Cuba.
C)He asked his vice president Theodore Roosevelt to assemble a regiment of volunteers.
D)He declared a complete trade embargo against Spain.

Question 47

What prompted president McKinley to order the battleship USS Maine to Havana in 1897?

A)He hoped to support Cuban insurgents.
B)He wanted to protect American citizens and property from Spanish loyalists.
C)He wanted to protect the American naval station at Guantánamo Bay.
D)He was going to evacuate the stranded volunteer corps known as the "Rough Riders."

Question 48

What proved to be the biggest challenge in conducting the war against Spain?

A)logistics
B)Cuban resistance
C)morale
D)Spanish military power

Question 49

When did Congress approve the annexation of Hawaii?

A)1890
B)1893
C)1898
D)1903

Question 50

What additional reason did Americans have to celebrate the Spanish-American Philippine war?

A)It was fought with no casualties at all amongst Americans.
B)US troops had fought in desegregated regiments for the first time.
C)American troops in the battlefield has consisted mostly of volunteer immigrants, especially from Spain and the Philippines.
D)The war was the first opportunity since the Civil War for northerners and southerners to fight in unity.

Question 51

Why did the United States pass the Platt Amendment?

A)It sought control of Cuba but was unable to maintain its military occupation.
B)Members of Congress wanted to make sure that Cuba would not become a colony.
C)The United States wanted to shield Cuba from being recaptured by Spain.
D)The United States wanted to secure access to coaling stations in the Caribbean.

Question 52

What did the United States Supreme Court conclude in the Insular Cases?

A)The constitution followed the flag.
B)The flag followed the constitution.
C)The constitution did not follow the flag.
D)The flag was not protected by the constitution.

Question 53

The Anti-Imperial League was formed in response to

A)McKinley's plan to colonize the Philippines.
B)Theodore Roosevelt's handling of the Panama Canal.
C)the passage of the Platt Amendment.
D)the explosion of the USS Maine in Havana.

Question 54

African Americans like Booker T. Washington opposed the annexation of the Philippines because

A)it was too costly and would drain the nation's resources at a time of economic crisis.
B)it would bring Filipinos into the United States and further "mongrelize" the nation.
C)the U.S. should not try expand democracy abroad while democracy did not yet exist at home.
D)It was too far away and impractical to colonize.

Question 55

Who was most likely to criticize the American conduct in the American-Philippine conflict?

A)Southerners
B)white soldiers
C)black soldiers
D)officers

Question 56

The Philippines remained an American colony until

A)1918.
B)1929.
C)1937.
D)1946.

Question 57

What was the goal of the Boxer Rebellion in China in 1900?

A)oust the Communist government
B)legalize competitive prizefighting
C)deport foreigners and eradicate their influences
D)restore the opium trade with Great Britain

Question 58

In 1903, W.E.B. DuBois penned a powerful essay with this eloquent opening statement: "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of

A)class inequality."
B)the color line."
C)the woman in the family."
D)public education."

Question 59

Which nation had first tried to build an isthmian canal across Central America?

A)Germany
B)Spain
C)France
D)Great Britain

Question 60

Why did Panamanians bitterly protest the U.S. treaty with Bunau-Varilla in 1903?

A)He was a former director of the French canal company and had no right to lease the canal zone to the United States.
B)Bunau-Varilla proved a weak negotiator who secured only a minimal fee from the U.S. for its use of Panama's canal.
C)Bunau-Varilla sold land for the construction of the canal to the U.S. without knowing whether the canal would be built.
D)Bunau Varilla had solicited the help of Columbian friends for his negotiations with the U.S.

Question 61

Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. St. Louis World's Fair
2. "open door" policies
3. "nationals"
4. Hawaii's "bayonet constitution"
5. "Rough Riders"
6. Insular Cases
7. "gugus"
8. "Buffalo Soldiers"
9. Boer War
10. United Fruit Company

Question 62

What was the purpose of the Philippine exhibit at the St. Louis World's Fair of 1904?

A)The government hoped to convince the public that keeping the islands was the best choice.
B)Companies like the United Fruit Company hoped to introduce investors to the benefits of the Philippines.
C)The US military wanted to assuage Americans who feared that Filipinos were dangerous savages.
D)The government wanted to demonstrate to Americans how horribly Filipinos had been treated under Spanish rule.

Question 63

Which nation was not colonized as a whole, but instead became the site of numerous conflicts among rival world powers?

A)Indochina
B)Japan
C)Palestine
D)China

Question 64

What did many Americans fear would be the consequence if the United States were not to compete for international prestige and influence?

A)The country would be reconquered by Britain.
B)The United States would be overtaken by Canada.
C)The United States would be a second-rate power and inevitably decline.
D)American industry would be starved of the foreign raw materials on which it depended so heavily.

Question 65

According to James G. Blaine, what was the great demand in American foreign policy in the 1880s and thereafter?

A)territory
B)trade
C)people
D)ideas

Question 66

How did the major newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer compete for readers at the turn-of-the-century?

A)by printing the most sensational front-page stories
B)by delivering investigative journalism
C)by spending money on high quality photographs
D)by offering the best coverage of national and local politics

Question 67

The Teller amendment stated that

A)the United States was the "policeman" of Latin America.
B)the United States would secure labor rights in the Philippines.
C)the United States would not colonize Cuba.
D)Filipinos and Puerto Ricans were barred from voting.

Question 68

How did Theodore Roosevelt deal with the valor that black soldiers demonstrated during the risky charge up Kettle Hill?

A)He popularized the story of his black "Rough Riders" which helped break racial stereotypes.
B)The military action changed his outlook on race, and Roosevelt became the first president to seriously include African-Americans in his administration.
C)Although he initially acknowledged their courage, he later discounted their contributions.
D)He angrily denied that African-Americans had played any role in his unit, and he became an even more virulent segregationist after the war.

Question 69

How long did the American-Spanish War last?

A)three months
B)six months
C)one year
D)three years

Question 70

How did the majority of Americans respond to McKinley's plans for the colonization of the Philippines?

A)They favored the move.
B)The opposed opposed colonization.
C)They hoped for the colonization of China instead.
D)They feared war with Japan over the Philippines.

Question 71

How did Theodore Roosevelt help define the modern presidency?

A)He was savvy with the new mass media - radio.
B)He established the role of the federal government in economic demand management.
C)He acted quickly and independently on issues of foreign relations.
D)He introduced civil service reform and abolished patronage for good.

Question 72

Why did the colonial possession of Cuba matter so much to Spain?

Question 73

Discuss the role of American newspapers in the nation's move towards joining the Cuban fight against Spain in 1898?

Question 74

How did Cubans change in American public opinion after the defeat of the Spanish?

Question 75

What conflict did African Americans experience during the suppression of Filipino national independence?

Question 76

Explain the rise of the Boxer Rebellion.

Question 77

Discuss Theodore Roosevelt's policy towards Central and Latin America. In your opinion, how important were notions of manhood and racial superiority in his foreign policy?

Question 78

Why did the United States propose an "open door" policy in China? How successful was this American foreign policy?

Question 79

Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. anthropology
2. Frederick Jackson Turner
3. New Navy
4. reconcentration
5. Armour and Company
6. benevolent assimilation
7. Emilio Aguinaldo
8. "spheres of interest"
9. "unincorporated territory"
10. Russo-Japanese War

Question 80

The Boston-based United Fruit Company controlled the government and economic institutions of which Latin American nation?

A)Belize
B)Venezuela
C)Honduras
D)Haiti