Deck 15: Reconstructing America, 1865-1877

Question 1

How did Southern slaves who were still working on plantations react to Union conquest?

A)They openly sided with their southern owners to fight the Union soldiers.
B)They subtly sabotaged Union soldiers.
C)They immediately turned against their owners.
D)They did nothing.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Who were the Gullah?

A)Southern blacks in Louisiana
B)Southern blacks in the low country
C)mixed-race residents in Georgia
D)mixed-race residents in Virginia

Answer 2

B

Question 3

At the end of the Civil War, what was the first issue the U.S. government had to address?

A)what rights to give freed slaves
B)reestablishing loyal governments in the south
C)punishing southern leaders
D)reestablishing the southern way of life

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What was the most important task facing the freed slaves at the end of the Civil War?

A)finding jobs
B)establishing homes
C)re-uniting families
D)leaving plantations

Question 5

What happened to the person who assassinated Lincoln?

A)He was captured, tried and hung.
B)He was never captured.
C)He was killed by U.S. troops.
D)He committed suicide.

Question 6

Many Americans blamed __________ for orchestrating the conspiracy against Lincoln.

A)General Robert E. Lee
B)Andrew Johnson
C)John C. Calhoun
D)Jefferson Davis

Question 7

Approximately how many Confederates relocated out of the country after the defeat of the South?

A)10,000
B)30,000
C)50,000
D)80,000

Question 8

When the Civil War ended, how did most northern Democrats feel the ex-Confederate states should be treated?

A)Southerners should resume their previous position in the Union with no punishment.
B)Punishment should be swift and harsh for all southerners.
C)Only high-ranking officers should be punished.
D)All southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the U.S. government should be readmitted.

Question 9

Confederate men in particular were hindered in accepting defeat by the concept of

A)paternalism.
B)nationalism.
C)republicanism.
D)individualism.

Question 10

What was the purpose of the 13^th amendment?

A)It outlawed slavery.
B)It gave all slaves citizenship.
C)It gave male slaves citizenship.
D)It entitled male slaves to vote.

Question 11

What position did President Johnson take regarding Reconstruction?

A)He imposed strict rules on southern elites for re-admittance.
B)He favored full rights for freed slaves.
C)He was sympathetic to plantation elites.
D)He was a staunch defender of white supremacy.

Question 12

In the 1865 elections, voters in the Lower South tended to vote for

A)Republicans.
B)Whigs.
C)Democrats.
D)Unionists.

Question 13

Why was the condition of the southern economy a major concern to Congress?

A)Northern Republicans did not want the South to become financially independent.
B)A weak southern economy could lead to renewed conflict among the southern states.
C)A strong southern economy could encourage another Civil War.
D)The sale of wealthy plantations could cause the rise in the power of wealthy plantation owners.

Question 14

What was the approximate cost of emancipation to southerners?

A)$10 million
B)$55 million
C)$100 million
D)$3 billion

Question 15

What action did President Johnson take regarding the continuation of the Freedman's Bureau?

A)He pushed for additional financing.
B)He supported legislation to extend its power.
C)He vetoed its extension.
D)He did not approve the extent of its authority but recognized it was important to Reconstruction.

Question 16

What did the emancipation process in America have in common with that of Jamaica and South Africa?

A)Emancipation was gradual in all three countries.
B)Emancipaiton was disruptive in all three countries.
C)Emancipation prohibited social restrictions on blacks in all three countries.
D)Emancipation efforts explicitly sought to overturn the concept of racial superiority in all three countries.

Question 17

By some estimates slave property represented approximately ________ of the wealth of the Deep South.

A)40%
B)60%
C)75%
D)90%

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT included in the 14^th Amendment?

A)Citizenship for freedmen
B)Citizenship for all naturalized citizens
C)Age requirement for voting
D)Right to vote for freedmen

Question 19

What was Congress' main motivation in seizing control over the process of Reconstruction?

A)gaining political advantage
B)protecting southern whites
C)curtailing racial violence
D)jump-starting the southern economy

Question 20

What year did Congress pass the first series of Reconstruction Acts?

A)1866
B)1867
C)1868
D)1869

Question 21

What action did Congress take regarding the Civil Rights Act?

A)It was passed by the House but not the Senate.
B)Congress passed the legislation over Johnson's veto.
C)Congress initially passed the legislation but withdrew its approval when Johnson vetoed it.
D)It was rejected by both the House and Senate.

Question 22

In order to make a living, many blacks

A)bought small parcels of agricultural land.
B)contracted out as sharecroppers.
C)moved to northern industries.
D)moved west.

Question 23

Most sharecroppers engaged in the cultivation of which of the following crops?

A)rice
B)indigo
C)tobacco
D)cotton

Question 24

Revenue from cotton production was unreliable because

A)sharecroppers' wages drove the price up.
B)land was scarce.
C)of competition from Egypt and India.
D)Great Britain no longer needed southern cotton for manufacturing purposes.

Question 25

In 1860, what other countries besides the U.S. remained major slave economies?

A)Cuba and Jamaica
B)Cuba and Brazil
C)Brazil and Jamaica
D)Jamaica and Haiti

Question 26

Which of the following was the reason some white men joined the Republican Party?

A)sympathy for blacks
B)interest in developing southern industry
C)backlash against southern Democrats whom they blamed for secession
D)as a way to show loyalty to the Union

Question 27

What jeopardized the re-election of Grant in 1872?

A)widespread charges of corruption
B)his conservative approach to economic recovery
C)his inexperience as a politician
D)lack of Republican support

Question 28

Which of the following Republican policies garnered immense criticism because it increased the tax burden?

A)new roads
B)public education
C)high tariffs
D)communication infrastructure

Question 29

Which type of plantation workers had the best possibility of negotiating working conditions?

A)sugar
B)cotton
C)rice
D)tobacco

Question 30

What made western settlement particularly difficult after the Civil War?

A)lack of available land for private use
B)U.S. government's reluctance to support transportation improvements
C)renewed control of the West by the Sioux and other Indians
D)inability of settlers to finance resettlement

Question 31

For former slaves who chose to remain on their plantations, what was one of the biggest problems they faced?

A)working out fair contracts with former masters
B)finding food
C)learning new skills
D)finding adequate housing facilities

Question 32

What was one of the purposes of the Freedman's Bureau?

A)show freed slaves how to vote
B)help resolve labor disputes
C)hand out loans for food and housing
D)relocate freed blacks to northern factories

Question 33

Why did both southern elites and northern Democrats denounce the Freedman's Bureau?

A)It required freed blacks to occupy elected positions.
B)It offered charity instead of wage opportunities.
C)It represented federal infringement on the rights of states.
D)It hindered job opportunities for white men.

Question 34

In what year was Lincoln assassinated?

A)1863
B)1865
C)1866
D)1867

Question 35

Besides Lincoln, who else was a victim of the assassination plot?

A)William Seward
B)General Sherman
C)Edwin Stanton
D)Andrew Johnson

Question 36

Where did most exiled Confederates tend to relocate after the Civil War?

A)California
B)Mexico
C)Brazil
D)Canada

Question 37

Following the end of the Civil War, most southern women

A)were on equal footing with Southern men.
B)fought for social changes that would elevate their status.
C)returned to traditional gender roles.
D)became more involved in politics.

Question 38

Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of southern whites following emancipation?

A)Southern whites fully accepted emancipation once the defeat of the South was inevitable.
B)Once emancipation was unavoidable, southern whites worked to establish white supremacy.
C)Southern whites encouraged blacks to pursue elected office.
D)Southern whites implemented property holding restrictions on blacks for voting purposes.

Question 39

How did Jamaica provide America with a lesson in emancipation?

A)Emancipation in Jamaica occurred with little bloodshed.
B)Both countries felt justified in curtailing black rights.
C)Jamaican elites provided American southerner whites with the argument of scientific consensus to justify white racial superiority.
D)Most Americans agreed freed southern slaves had nothing in common with the slave population of Jamaica.

Question 40

What was the goal of the radical Republicans?

A)to keep southern society the way it was
B)to curtail black voting rights
C)to make sure there were strict conditions placed on the South's re-admittance to the Union
D)to allow Southerners "self-reconstruction"

Question 41

What particular aspect of the black codes was the most reprehensible to freed blacks?

A)voting restrictions
B)apprenticeship laws
C)contract limitations
D)limits on property ownership rights

Question 42

Black codes applied to

A)only ex-slaves.
B)only previously freed blacks and ex-slaves.
C)all blacks and mulattoes, regardless of previous free or slave status.
D)only ex-slaves and mulattoes.

Question 43

By the second half of 1865, most northerners were upset with Johnson because

A)he was not doing enough toward reconstruction.
B)he wanted to remake southern society.
C)he supported southern ideology that re-admittance should be painless.
D)he was too tough on readmitting requirements for the southern states.

Question 44

How did Congress complicate the process of Reconstruction at the end of 1865?

A)It refused to seat elected southern delegates.
B)It passed legislation upholding black codes.
C)It refused to go into session until Reconstruction was settled.
D)It was evenly divided in its support of, and opposition to Johnson's Reconstruction plan.

Question 45

What was the political make up of Congress in 1865?

A)Congress was evenly split between Democrats and Republicans.
B)Congress was made up of a Republican House with a Democratic Senate.
C)Congress was made up of a Democratic House with a Republican Senate.
D)It was overwhelmingly Republican.

Question 46

Who was responsible for initiating the Civil Rights Act?

A)Lyman Trumball
B)President Johnson
C)John Logan
D)Henry Clay

Question 47

What was President Johnson's position on the Civil Rights Act?

A)He agreed it was necessary and supported it.
B)He agreed it was necessary but politically he could not support it.
C)He vetoed it because he argued that it gave black Americans equality under the law at the expense of whites.
D)He had no opinion on the Act.

Question 48

What was the main question the Republicans had regarding the 14^th and 15^th amendments?

A)Is it appropriate for the federal government to safeguard individual rights?
B)Would the passage of these amendments further alienate southern whites?
C)Should women be included?
D)Would Republicans lose their majority in Congress?

Question 49

Besides the question of citizenship, what else did the 14^th Amendment address?

A)protection of freed people's political rights
B)debts of the ex-Confederate states
C)protection of freed people's personal rights
D)inclusion of freed blacks in political positions

Question 50

What partisan political considerations entered into the discussion of the 14^th Amendment?

A)The deletion of the 3/5 clause would hurt southern representation in the House.
B)Enfranchising black men would be advantageous to Democrats.
C)Enfranchising black men would be advantageous to Republicans.
D)Enfranchising naturalized residents would create a new political party.

Question 51

What made the post-Civil War amendments different from the Bill of Rights?

A)The post-Civil War amendments grant Congress the power to legislate individual rights.
B)The post-Civil War amendments protect people from government action.
C)The post-Civil War amendments were unanimously endorsed by Congress and the President.
D)The post-Civil War amendments did not require state approval for passage.

Question 52

How did the Reconstruction Acts affect ex-Confederate states?

A)They made it easier for the states to get back in the Union.
B)The southern states were divided into districts run by former Union generals.
C)They gave states the right to control election laws.
D)Southern states were realigned to increase their representation in the House.

Question 53

What caused the House of Representatives to impeach President Johnson?

A)He violated the Tenure of Office Act.
B)He violated the Civil Rights Amendments.
C)He violated the Reconstruction Acts.
D)He was accused of bribery.

Question 54

What was the Republican strategy for political success during Reconstruction?

A)keep southern whites happy
B)maintain control of northern states
C)look to the western territories for support
D)retain full support of African Americans

Question 55

Which of the following caused dissension among blacks during Reconstruction?

A)religious differences
B)arguments on the nature of Reconstruction
C)social status within black communities
D)party politics

Question 56

A way to help establish a new life for free blacks, that was supported by both free blacks and northerners was

A)literacy.
B)religion.
C)sharecropping.
D)land ownership.

Question 57

"Juneteenth" celebrations originated as acknowledgments of

A)the passage of the 13^th amendment.
B)the birth of Abraham Lincoln.
C)the end of the Civil War.
D)the end of Reconstruction.

Question 58

What action did Congress take to address the activities of the Ku Klux Klan?

A)established the Department of Justice
B)arrested and prosecuted the leaders of the Klan
C)urged local governments to prosecute Klan members through local laws
D)nothing

Question 59

What was the outcome of the legal decision in Cruikshank v. U.S.?

A)It reinforced the civil rights of black citizens.
B)It severely weakened the ability to prosecute civil rights violations under the 14^th amendment.
C)It punished the leaders of the Colfax Massacre.
D)It signaled that any violation of a person's civil rights would not be tolerated.

Question 60

Southerners who wanted economic development hoped to achieve it through the establishment of

A)industry.
B)shipbuilding.
C)railroads.
D)telegraphs.

Question 61

Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. Tenant farmer
2. John Wilkes Booth
3. Paternalism
4. Crop lien
5. Colfax Massacre
6. John Muir
7. Albion Tourgee
8. Knights of the White Camellia
9. Cruikshank v. U.S.
10. Rutherford B. Hayes

Question 62

Which American poet famously memorialized the assassination of Lincoln in poetry?

A)Robert Frost
B)Walt Whitman
C)Alfred Lloyd Tennyson
D)Stephen Foster

Question 63

Which of the following was a change that occurred in Southern society?

A)blurring of gender roles
B)more equality within the social hierarchy
C)men lost their head of household status
D)women gained more power in business decisions

Question 64

Where did the Morant Bay Rebellion take place?

A)South Africa
B)Cuba
C)Jamaica
D)Haiti

Question 65

The first Civil Rights Act, designed to protect the rights of citizens, was passed in

A)1864.
B)1866.
C)1867.
D)1868.

Question 66

Post-Civil War America can best be described as

A)a time when executive power increased.
B)a time when judicial power increased.
C)a time when legislative power increased.
D)the era of states' rights.

Question 67

As a dedicated proponent of federal protection for individual rights, Thaddeus Stevens suggested which of the following ideas?

A)return of ex-Confederate states to the Union unpunished
B)redistribution of southern land holdings to former slaves
C)compensation of white slaveholders for their loss
D)moving northern manufacturing to the South to encourage economic development

Question 68

What was the purpose of the black code laws of 1865?

A)to ensure freed blacks were given the right to vote by state legislatures
B)to restrict black freedoms
C)to grant voting rights but not participation in the judicial process
D)to eliminate any remains of white supremacy

Question 69

How did Republicans hope to increase their viability as a political party?

A)by appealing to white northern businessmen
B)by appealing to enfranchised black voters
C)by raising campaign funds
D)by supporting a southerner for president in the 1868 election

Question 70

The 15^th amendment prohibited denial of the right to vote based solely on

A)age.
B)nationality.
C)race.
D)gender.

Question 71

Most of the new members of the Republican Party in the post-Civil War Era were

A)northern white men.
B)southern white men.
C)western men.
D)black men.

Question 72

What did southern black's celebration of the "Jubilee" following the Civil War signify?

Question 73

How did the role of the veteran change after the Civil War?

Question 74

Why was the Freedman's Bureau ineffective in assisting freed slaves with concerns such as contract negotiations?

Question 75

Why did the "naturalized resident" clause of the 15^th Amendment have particular significance for the Irish in America?

Question 76

What was the first order of business for the military governors of ex-Confederate districts under the Reconstruction Acts?

Question 77

The Civil War was watched closely in many countries around the world. What influences or repercussions did the U.S. Civil War have on international events?

Question 78

By 1877 northerners were tired of Reconstruction. What events eventually led the north to discontinue involvement in the process?

Question 79

Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. Oliver Otis Howard
2. Carpetbaggers
3. "Bloody Shirt"
4. Homestead Act
5. Alexander Stephens
6. Fenians
7. Knights of Labor
8. Apprenticeship laws
9. Force Acts
10. "rifle clubs"

Question 80

Who were the carpetbaggers?

A)Southern whites moving north to get rich
B)Northern whites moving south to get rich
C)Freed blacks moving north to earn a living
D)Freed blacks moving west to earn a living