Deck 12: Religion and Reform, 1820-1850

Question 1

Why was Charles Finney so successful as a religious reformer?

A)He made people feel guilty for their sinfulness.
B)He had the money to finance his career.
C)He had political connections.
D)He addressed his listeners as equals.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What did the leaders of the Second Great Awakening have in common?

A)They promoted social reform.
B)They tended to leave emotions out of preaching.
C)They used the threat of hell as a conversion tactic.
D)They preferred to preach in settled communities.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In America, where did the Second Great Awakening get its start?

A)Ohio
B)Boston
C)New York
D)Kentucky

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following was a side product of evangelical revivalism in the mid 19^th century?

A)establishment of many new religious sects
B)Christians tended to reject established rituals
C)stricter enforcement of traditional religious practices
D)concern for too much democracy in politics

Question 5

Which of the following religions did not embrace the evangelical revivalism of the 1840s?

A)Methodists
B)Baptists
C)Presbyterians
D)Catholics

Question 6

In what year did the last American state eliminate state-sponsored religion?

A)1776
B)1789
C)1833
D)1850

Question 7

Ann Lee founded the religious sect known as the

A)Mormons.
B)Shakers.
C)Quakers.
D)Revivalists.

Question 8

Finney argued that people should reject sin by using

A)free will.
B)the teachings of educated ministers.
C)the Bible.
D)their conscience.

Question 9

How did changes caused by the revivals of the mid 19^th century affect traditional religious beliefs?

A)Revivalists did not embrace the use of the vernacular.
B)Revivalists wanted to keep the idea of predestination.
C)Revivalists were concerned about the practice of immediate church membership after conversion.
D)Revivalists accepted the notion of free will.

Question 10

Why were northerners initially more involved with reform movements than Americans from other areas of the country?

A)Religion was an important part of northern culture.
B)Northerners had more available resources to fund reform movements.
C)Northerners witnessed first-hand the effects of industrialization.
D)Northern men had more political connections.

Question 11

Which of the following was one of the biggest challenges during the reform era?

A)friction between religious and secular reformers
B)women's role in reform movements
C)funding the projects
D)dealing with those who were opposed to reform

Question 12

The first major reform movement involved the desire of reformers to

A)improve factory working conditions.
B)provide adequate housing for orphans.
C)prohibit alcohol consumption.
D)improve sanitation.

Question 13

How did reformers change public opinion regarding alcohol consumption?

A)They used scientific data to support their arguments.
B)They convinced the federal government to institute legal restrictions on consumption.
C)They convinced employers to refrain from hiring anyone who consumed alcohol.
D)The churches were no longer allowed to use alcohol in religious services.

Question 14

Which was the first group to support the abolitionist movement of the 1830s and 1840s?

A)Westerners
B)mainstream religious denominations
C)minority religious communities
D)Northerners

Question 15

Why was William Lloyd Garrison often criticized by fellow abolitionists?

A)He was too radical.
B)He did not want to include women in the movement.
C)He promoted gradual emancipation.
D)He would not involve free blacks.

Question 16

Abolitionist violence resulted in the death of

A)Angelina Grimkè.
B)Catherine Beecher.
C)Elijah Lovejoy.
D)Frederick Lloyd Garrison.

Question 17

Leading black activists were opposed to which of the following ideas?

A)emancipation
B)deportation and colonization of freed slaves
C)full racial equality
D)black abolitionist leaders

Question 18

What strategy did reformers use to successfully legitimize their platforms?

A)They passed appropriate legislation.
B)They connected their causes with those of European reformers.
C)Many reformers published books and articles.
D)They used the pulpits to promote their ideas.

Question 19

Why did the women's reform movement eventually split?

A)There was a disagreement over which of the many reform movements women would support.
B)Not all women agreed on the extent and nature of the reforms proposed.
C)There was some concern that female leadership would hinder the cause.
D)Women reformers did not agree on the role of black women in the movement.

Question 20

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the women's rights movement of the mid-19^th century?

A)Most reform minded men supported the cause.
B)Middle class white women generally supported female public activism.
C)There were no men present at the first women's rights convention in western New York.
D)A number of white upper-class women did not support gender equality in the public arena.

Question 21

In what year was the "Declaration of Sentiments" issued?

A)1840
B)1848
C)1850
D)1860

Question 22

A major monetary contributor to evangelical causes during the 1830s was

A)Angelina Grimkè.
B)Arthur Tappan.
C)Catherine Beecher.
D)John Moffit.

Question 23

Which of the following statements best describes the experience of blacks who attended church?

A)They attended black-only churches.
B)Morally, more was expected from black church goers.
C)Morally, less was expected from black church goers.
D)Efforts by whites to control Christianity among blacks failed.

Question 24

What spiritual component of Christianity appealed to blacks?

A)Black religious leaders were welcomed by white Christians.
B)Most Christians welcomed integration in churches.
C)Christianity advocated equality before God.
D)Christians supported immediate emancipation.

Question 25

What percentage of blacks attended church by the end of the 1850s?

A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)90%

Question 26

What lesson did many white southerners take from Nat Turner's rebellion?

A)Teaching Christianity to blacks led to rebellion.
B)Southerners needed to treat their slaves better.
C)Slaves should be kept illiterate.
D)Slaves must not be allowed to leave the plantations.

Question 27

Besides both being abolitionists, what else did David Walker and Angelina Grimkè have in common?

A)Both were white.
B)Both were from the South and considered "traitors."
C)Both advocated violence as a form of resistance.
D)Neither of them considered full equality for slaves as a viable solution.

Question 28

How did the nature of newspaper publishing change in the 1830s?

A)Newspapers relied on political parties for financial support.
B)Editors turned away from sensationalism.
C)Funding came from mass readership.
D)Reporters shied away from exposing political scandals.

Question 29

America's first major song writer was

A)Nathaniel Hawthorne.
B)Walt Whitman.
C)Herman Melville.
D)Stephen Foster.

Question 30

Although Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter was situated in the late 17^th century, what contemporary theme did it explore?

A)democracy
B)morality
C)segregation
D)temperance

Question 31

The area in Upstate New York renowned for its massive religious conversions during the Second Great Awakening, was known by what name?

A)Finney's Revival
B)Burned Over district
C)Revivalist Corridor
D)Upstate Revivals

Question 32

What was the last state to break the connection between the state and religion?

A)New York
B)Connecticut
C)Rhode Island
D)Massachusetts

Question 33

Which of the following was one of the first colleges to train evangelical ministers?

A)Harvard
B)Oberlin
C)Dartmouth
D)Yale

Question 34

Why were itinerant ministers more likely to challenge the authority of propertied elites?

A)Their education encouraged outspokenness.
B)Because they traveled, they were less likely to suffer the social repercussions of criticism.
C)They were jealous of elites.
D)They believed the rich were more sinful.

Question 35

In general, which of the following best describes the Second Great Awakening?

A)Evangelicalism only affected Protestants.
B)The reform movement hurt established religions.
C)Gender equality was never a part of the reform ideology.
D)There was an increase in denominational institutions.

Question 36

What contributions did Ann Lee make to the Second Great Awakening?

A)She promoted a life of charitable works.
B)Her followers believed in a lifestyle of procreation.
C)Lee taught the honorable accumulation of earthly wealth would lead to heavenly rewards.
D)She and her followers believed in gender equality.

Question 37

What principle was unique about the original teachings of the Mormons?

A)celibacy
B)plural marriages
C)patriarchy
D)belief in divine visions

Question 38

Why did Protestant Christians view Mormons as a threat to society?

A)Because they had an alarmingly large number of followers.
B)They embraced a theocratic hierarchy that did not adhere to the democratic practice.
C)They were willing to accommodate to regional influences in their religion.
D)They believed in gender equality.

Question 39

The interpretation of revivalist teachings quickly evolved into _______________, especially in the north.

A)the quest for religious power
B)a desire to improve society
C)political reforms
D)diminishment of active participation of church goers

Question 40

How did the U.S. government help the reform movement gain energy?

A)Religion was viewed as a component of good government.
B)The government recognized that ministers were gaining political clout.
C)Many new legal decisions gave reformers additional rights.
D)Politicians became reformers to gain popularity.

Question 41

Why were many of the reforms of the Second Great Awakening disruptive to society?

A)Reformers advocated violence.
B)Reforms often challenged previously entrenched opinions and customs.
C)Reformers often disobeyed local laws.
D)Reformers were intent on changing the political process.

Question 42

An early health reform led by Sylvester Graham promoted

A)frequent sex.
B)exercise.
C)vegetarianism.
D)frequent hand washing.

Question 43

The1830s campaign against slavery gained national attention through

A)the establishment of the American Anti-Slavery Society.
B)the use of violence.
C)restrictive legislation.
D)presidential campaigns.

Question 44

Why was it so difficult for reformers to change the status of women's rights?

A)The proposed changes often challenged traditional Christian society.
B)None of the major leaders were women.
C)There was little financial support for the movement.
D)There was no precedent for change.

Question 45

How did reform movements help to protect businesses?

A)Employers devised ways to regulate the morality of employees.
B)There were tax advantages to businesses who made charitable contributions.
C)Legislation was devised to support business owners who accepted reforms.
D)Business owners were often coerced into charitable actions.

Question 46

Arthur Tappan played instrumental roles in all of these organizations EXCEPT

A)the American Bible Society
B)the Home Missionary Society
C)the Seneca Falls Convention
D)the American Tract Society

Question 47

One reason for the rise of utopian communities in the mid-1800s was

A)to promote the doctrine of "separate spheres".
B)the dissatisfaction with growing political dissension among the states.
C)a way for preachers to encourage a particular religion.
D)the desire of individuals to remake society.

Question 48

Following the American Revolution, American Christians

A)built fewer churches.
B)were encouraged to sever their relationship with the Church of England.
C)embraced ministers who were quietly spiritual.
D)rejected the notion of accessible religion.

Question 49

What part of evangelicalism did southerners most easily accept?

A)the concept of Christian slavery
B)temperance
C)elimination of violence in the southern code of honor
D)the unimportance of worldly possessions

Question 50

How did the southern approach to reforms benefit southerners?

A)Communities could control the recipients of charitable aid.
B)It broke the hierarchy of the social order.
C)Women were given more respect.
D)It broke the southern code of honor.

Question 51

How did southern evangelicals deal with the issue of slavery?

A)They ignored it.
B)They called for immediate emancipation.
C)They criticized slaveholders.
D)They sought ways to accommodate slavery.

Question 52

What facilitated acceptance of Christianity among black slaves?

A)similarity between Christian and African beliefs
B)good examples set by white Christians
C)Christian slaves getting an easier workload
D)getting Sundays off to attend church services

Question 53

In what year did the Nat Turner rebellion occur?

A)1820
B)1831
C)1836
D)1850

Question 54

What argument did Angelina Grimkè use to denounce slavery?

A)It was not economically efficient.
B)It caused a cultural rift between north and south.
C)It was illegal.
D)It would delay the millennium.

Question 55

Why did religious leaders condemn the rise of secularism?

A)It challenged spirituality.
B)They considered it vulgar.
C)Secularism led to sin.
D)It questioned traditional American cultural values.

Question 56

Even though he considered himself an evangelical, what was unique about Emerson's approach to reform?

A)He appealed only to men.
B)He did not believe in the ideology of individualism.
C)He criticized industrialization.
D)He wanted to reform the American mind.

Question 57

Thoreau and Emerson embraced the new American philosophy of

A)Romanticism.
B)Transcendentalism.
C)Enlightenment.
D)Rationalism.

Question 58

What themes did American authors such as Hawthorne and Melville tend to write about?

A)distinctly American themes
B)themes that reflected European culture
C)universal themes
D)themes that were mostly appealing to women

Question 59

How did Melville's Moby Dick fit into contemporary society?

A)It exposed the whaling industry of the Northeast.
B)It reflected America's diversity.
C)It exposed the negative aspects of industrialization.
D)It glamorized the life of a sailor.

Question 60

How did authors such as Whitman, Poe and Dickinson pioneer a distinctly American body of literature?

A)by incorporating Asian literary devices
B)by using American communities as inspiration
C)by referencing American icons
D)by adhering to strict rules of prose and grammar

Question 61

Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS)
2. Camp meetings
3. Shakers
4. Fanny Wright
5. Walden
6. Millennialism
7. American Temperance Society
8. Haitian Revolution
9. Fredrick Douglass
10. Mission to the Slaves

Question 62

Which of the following was a source of tension between reformers and other Americans?

A)creating a society with Christian values in a diverse population
B)ensuring that individual rights were not hindered in the process of reform
C)determining the proper role of religion and politics
D)deciding which reform needed the most attention

Question 63

Which of the following groups of people were more likely to embrace the temperance movement?

A)Catholics
B)Democrats
C)immigrants
D)evangelicals

Question 64

How did the treatment of black southern Christians change following the Second Great Awakening?

A)In some areas they were treated equally in matters of religion.
B)Christianity was discouraged by white slaveholders.
C)Most were not allowed to attend services.
D)White slaveholders were more tolerant towards Christian blacks in work matters.

Question 65

Compared to other abolitionists, what was unusual about David Walker's argument against slavery?

A)his passion
B)his religious zeal
C)his historical knowledge of slavery
D)his southern origins

Question 66

Who was the founder of the Mormon religion?

A)Ann Lee
B)Charles Finney
C)Joseph Smith
D)Brigham Young

Question 67

The main vehicle of expression for Emerson and Thoreau was

A)books.
B)newspapers.
C)poetry.
D)essays.

Question 68

Which Calvinist doctrine was rejected by revivalists?

A)the Bible as an authoritative source of knowledge
B)predestination
C)grace as a necessary means of salvation
D)free will

Question 69

In what year did Denmark Vesey attempt a slave revolt?

A)1815
B)1822
C)1833
D)1844

Question 70

How did black Americans feel about the colonization movement?

A)They fully accepted it.
B)They were adamantly opposed.
C)The objected to it but were willing to compromise.
D)They accepted it but wanted to choose the destination.

Question 71

Which of the following statements is true about Frederick Douglass?

A)He never experienced slavery first hand but he wrote about it extensively.
B)He was a former slave who used his newspaper to open people's eyes to the evils of slavery.
C)He was a former slave who did not support full emancipation.
D)Although illiterate, he was still able to become a major player in the abolitionist movement.

Question 72

What were some of the criticisms Americans had toward the temperance movement?

Question 73

How did the Tappan brothers change the concept of charitable giving?

Question 74

What religious argument did reformers use to support slavery?

Question 75

What devices did southerners use to squash opposition to slavery?

Question 76

How was diversity expressed in American politics?

Question 77

What role did the democratization of America play in the reform movements of the mid 19^th century?

Question 78

How were Americans able to create and develop a distinctly America culture independent of European influence?

Question 79

Identify who, what, where, when, and/or why the following are important:
1. American Colonization Society
2. Herman Melville
3. Minstrelsy
4. Nathanial Hawthorne
5. Stephen Foster
6. Romanticism
7. Denmark Vesey
8. Afro-Catholicism
9. Transcendentalism
10. Daniel Webster

Question 80

What was the main focus of the early reform movement?

A)moral reforms
B)educational reforms
C)political reforms
D)economic reform