Deck 11: Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood

Question 1

Barry is talking with his wife Cheryl about his parents. "You know, I think it is great that Mom and Dad are getting more familiar with the internet, but it is strange that they are both spending time on Facebook every day. I'm worried that their real friendships are going to suffer as they spend more time on a social networking website." Cheryl, having read your textbook, would probably respond by saying

A) "That is a common concern, but don't worry. Research hasn't found support for this fear."
B) "The research has found that Facebook and other such sites are actually more damaging to friendships of those between 25 and 45 years of age than to older adults."
C) "This is a really good point, as the research has found that online friendships are really damaging to real-life friendships."
D) "I really think you should talk to your parents about this, because research has found that while younger people don't have any problems, older folks who use social networking sites tend to become isolated and separated from their real friends."

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Steve and Aisha have a relationship where they both want to share their thoughts and actions with each other. According to Sternberg (2006), their relationship is high in

A) intimacy.
B) commitment.
C) passion.
D) infatuation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Sternberg (2006) has proposed that love relationships have three basic components. They include all but which of the following?

A) intimacy
B) commitment
C) passion
D) sexuality

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Research has found that the likelihood of divorce is highest for couples who make the decision to get married when they are at the height of

A) commitment.
B) infatuation.
C) intimacy.
D) cohabitation.

Question 5

Friendship relationships differ from love relationships in that they are

A) less emotionally intense and involve less sexual energy and contact.
B) less emotionally intense and involve more sexual energy and contact.
C) more emotionally intense and involve less sexual energy and contact.
D) more emotionally intense and involve more sexual energy and contact.

Question 6

The first stage of friendship is to the last stage of friendship, as ________ is to ________.

A) crystallization; separation
B) buildup; exposition
C) acquaintanceship; ending
D) meeting; parting

Question 7

Researchers have reported that having cross-sex friendships may provide the benefits of reducing dating anxiety and enhancing one's capacity for intimacy. These findings hold true for

A) heterosexual but not homosexual individuals.
B) homosexual but not heterosexual individuals.
C) women but not men.
D) men but not women.

Question 8

Ryan has several good friendships with people to whom he feels very close. Two of those relationships have lasted for several years, ever since childhood, and he regularly spends time with these important people in his life. As a result of these good friendships, Ryan is most likely to

A) be more involved in his church.
B) have good physical health.
C) have a successful career.
D) have higher self-esteem.

Question 9

As a relationship persists over time, ________ will typically decrease while ________ will typically increase.

A) commitment; passion
B) passion; intimacy
C) intimacy; sexuality
D) intimacy; passion

Question 10

The final stage of friendship, according to the developmental model presented in your chapter, is

A) ending.
B) solidification.
C) crystallization.
D) tempering.

Question 11

From a developmental perspective, friendships have several stages. Which of the following most accurately summarizes those five stages?

A) BUDDY
B) ABCDE
C) NEATO
D) BLUES

Question 12

Which statement BEST reflects the principle of assortative mating?

A) Opposites attract
B) Love the one you're with
C) Birds of a feather flock together
D) You can't teach an old dog new tricks

Question 13

Which of the following individuals is MOST LIKELY to have a positive attitude toward people with different backgrounds than themselves?

A) Rich, who is African American and who has been raised in a community that is primarily occupied by other African Americans.
B) Jay, who is Native American and who has been encouraged by his elders to associate only with other Native American individuals.
C) Smith, who is Caucasian and who, despite having taken classes in multiculturalism, really has very few friends who are not also Caucasian.
D) Connor, who is Asian American and has friends who are Caucasian, Latino American, and African American.

Question 14

While women tend to have friendships based on ________, men more often based their friendships on ________.

A) shared activities or interests; intimate and emotional sharing
B) sexual interests; social interests
C) intimate and emotional sharing; shared activities or interests
D) social interests; sexual interests

Question 15

A relative strength of online friendships involves the ability of the user to

A) control the level of intimacy in the relationship.
B) know exactly who they are dealing with.
C) ensure compatibility.
D) meet in a less anonymous manner than in face-to-face friendships.

Question 16

Researchers define friendship ________ as the satisfaction that is derived from a relationship in which those involved influence one another's behaviors and beliefs.

A) satisfactoriness
B) interchange
C) intimacy
D) quality

Question 17

Which of the following individuals is the MOST LIKELY to have the most friends, both online and in real life?

A) Louanne, who does not own a computer and never uses the internet.
B) Victoria, who owns a computer and goes on the internet once or twice a week.
C) Ussain, who owns a computer and goes on the internet for 5 to 10 minutes once or twice a day.
D) Carlynne who owns a computer as well as an internet-capable smartphone, and who spends at least two or three hours a day on the internet.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to sibling relationships?

A) At all ages, males place more importance on sibling relationships than do females.
B) At all ages, females place more importance on sibling relationships than do males.
C) During childhood and adolescence, females place more importance on sibling relationship than males, but this reverses in middle and older adulthood.
D) During childhood and adolescence, males place more importance on sibling relationship than females, but this reverses in middle and older adulthood.

Question 19

Eli and Hadassah have a relationship where they both experience an intense physiological desire for each other. According to Sternberg (2006), their relationship is high in

A) intimacy.
B) commitment.
C) passion.
D) infatuation.

Question 20

Debbie and Jamie have been friends for many years. They know each other well, and even though they both have families and children they make it a point to get together, even just for coffee, at least once or twice a month. According to the developmental model of friendship discussed in your chapter, they are probably in the ________ stage of their friendship.

A) maintenance
B) continuation
C) long-term
D) deterioration

Question 21

In Sweden, research data suggest that ____ percent of married couples opted to live together prior to marriage

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 99

Question 22

Statistics suggest that college women are ____ times more likely to be the victim of sexual assault than are women in other age groups, with _____ percent experiencing abuse in a dating relationship at some point.

A) 4; 40
B) 3; 30
C) 5; 50
D) 2; 20

Question 23

Mary decides to go to a speed dating event, because she has not been meeting many women in whom she has a romantic interest lately. If the people at this event are similar to those at most speed dating parties, Mary will be most interested in women who have all but which of the following qualities?

A) women who are very self-focused
B) physically attractive women
C) women who are outgoing
D) women who are very self-assured

Question 24

________ woman syndrome is a situation that occurs when a woman believes that she cannot leave an abusive situation and may even go so far as to kill her abuser.

A) Battered
B) Abused
C) Victimized
D) Accosted

Question 25

The rates of abuse against women tend to be higher in cultures where all but which of the following are emphasized?

A) female purity
B) male status
C) family honor
D) independence

Question 26

O'Leary (1993) presents a continuum of aggressive behavior in abusive relationships anchored by ____ on one end and ____ on the other end.

A) verbal aggression; murder
B) severe aggression; murder
C) physical aggression; verbal aggression
D) physical aggression; murder

Question 27

For most adults, the decision to remain single is

A) something that they have felt strongly about since childhood.
B) a kneejerk reaction to heartbreak.
C) a gradual one that develops over time.
D) a result of being unable to find a suitable marriage partner.

Question 28

Fatimah is a Muslim woman who lives in Malaysia. She is in her early twenties, and has not yet married. This has led to her losing status in her community. Which of the following is Fatimah likely to cite as a reason for her status as a single woman?

A) jodoh
B) nervios
C) koro
D) namaste

Question 29

Pauline has a negative mental model of herself and a positive mental model of her husband, James. According to the research conducted by Schmidt and colleagues (2004), Pauline would be described as having a ________ romantic attachment with James.

A) secure
B) dismissing
C) fearful
D) preoccupied

Question 30

Research conducted by DePaulo (2006) found that people associate the qualities "caring," "kind," and "giving" with married people approximately 50% of the time, while the same descriptors were associated with single people only about ___% of the time.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 27

Question 31

Estimates suggest that approximately 80% of men and 70% of women between the ages of 20 and 24 are

A) married.
B) cohabitating.
C) unmarried.
D) engaged to be married.

Question 32

Researchers have found that the most forms of homogamy are found when people meet and interact with each other

A) at parties.
B) at singles events or mixers.
C) in nightclubs.
D) at school.

Question 33

In which of the following circumstances would you be LEAST LIKELY to see assortative mating taking place?

A) in a college extra-curricular club
B) in a speed-dating event
C) in a common-interest internet chat room
D) at a church or temple

Question 34

Ole and Lena are a cohabitating couple in Norway, while Jack and Diane are a cohabitating couple in the United States. Cross-cultural research would predict that

A) Jack and Diane will be unlikely to ever marry.
B) Ole and Lena will believe that they are living in sin.
C) Ole and Lena will only marry if they have children.
D) Jack and Diane will be at significantly less risk for divorce should they marry.

Question 35

________ is becoming an increasingly popular lifestyle choice in the United States and in many other countries.

A) Serial bachelorhood or bachelorettehood
B) "Open marriage"
C) Cohabitation
D) Married couples living together but having separate bedrooms

Question 36

Research suggests that women tend to

A) choose masculine-looking men for short-term relationships and more feminine-looking men for long-term relationships.
B) choose feminine-looking men for short-term relationships and more masculine-looking men for long-term relationships.
C) choose older men for short-term relationships and younger men for long-term relationships.
D) choose younger men for short-term relationships and older men for long-term relationships.

Question 37

Research conducted by Schmidt at colleagues (2004) found that approximately 80% of the cultural groups studied demonstrated ________ romantic attachments

A) preoccupied
B) arranged
C) dismissive
D) secure

Question 38

Omar and his partner Samuel have been together for over three years now, and are considering getting married. If you were told that they initially met on the internet, the odds would be greatest that they are from

A) Spain.
B) the United States of America.
C) the United Kingdom.
D) Australia.

Question 39

Victor and his girlfriend Tosha are thinking about moving in together to "test the waters" of their relationship before getting married. "I think it will be good for us," Victor says, "so we can find out if we are good together before spending the time, effort, and money of getting married." What would be the best response to give Victor?

A) Be careful if you're thinking of having children someday, because couples who cohabit are much less likely to end up having children someday.
B) This is precisely why most people choose to live together before marriage, and it has been found to make for better relationships in the long run.
C) Studies suggest that cohabiting before getting married might actually lower the quality of the marriage.
D) There are major differences in married couples who cohabitated before getting married and those who did not, so make sure to examine all of the research before moving in together.

Question 40

Nearly twice as many ________ as European American remain single during young adulthood, and more are choosing to remain so.

A) Asian Americans
B) African Americans
C) Native Americans
D) Latin Americans

Question 41

Stephanie and Marlon got married yesterday, and their wedding was a festive party. A good time was had by all! If their marriage follows the typical path of most marriages, Stephanie and Marlon will experience the least marital satisfaction

A) after they both retire from their careers.
B) when their children finally begin leaving home.
C) within the first three months after the wedding, when "the honeymoon" ends.
D) after they have children.

Question 42

When all is said and done, the most important thing to predicting the long-term success of a marriage is ______.

A) communication
B) religion
C) sex
D) having children

Question 43

According to exchange theory, the key factor in determining whether an exchange will increase marital satisfaction is the

A) length of time the individuals have been married.
B) age of the participants.
C) potential monetary cost of the exchange.
D) perceived equity of the exchange.

Question 44

The vulnerability-stress-________ model sees marital quality as a dynamic process resulting from the couple's ability to handle stressful events in the context of their particular vulnerabilities and resources.

A) rebound
B) adaptation
C) adjustment
D) diathesis

Question 45

Larry and Isabelle have been married for just a couple of months, and have not yet had their first major argument. If their marriage is like most, the first major marital stress will center around

A) the decision to or not to have children.
B) financial issues.
C) who is responsible for chores like dishes, gardening, and taking out the garbage.
D) infidelity.

Question 46

How many of the following individuals would likely have the tendency to separate love and sex from each other?
(a) Richard, who is gay;
(b) Dominic, who is heterosexual;
(c) Marlene, who is heterosexual; and
(d) Bertina, who is a lesbian.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 47

Alicia and Jordan have an arrangement in their marriage that seems to work for them. Alicia is the "breadwinner," working full-time and earning an adequate salary to support the couple and their two children. Jordan is a stay-at-home father who is primarily responsible for taking care of the children and the home during the daytime. Each partner feels that the other contributes equally to their marriage, even though they contribute differently. According to ________ theory, their marriage is likely to be satisfying and happy.

A) reciprocity
B) traditionality
C) balance
D) exchange

Question 48

The lack of legal recognition of the relationship between same-sex couples means that such couples may be denied certain legal rights that are granted to heterosexual couples. How many of the following rights are noted by your authors as being those denied to same-sex couples?
(a) marriage;
(b) hospital visitation;
(c) certain insurance benefits; and
(d) level permission to share property ownership.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 49

Successful couples find a way to _________ in their relationship, and this is a very important determinant of marital satisfaction over longer periods of time.

A) tolerate each other's family members
B) keep separate interests active
C) avoid arguments
D) keep the romance alive

Question 50

Which of the following couples will have the lowest chance of having a marriage that lasts?

A) Denise and Dennis, who were both in their twenties when they got married.
B) Joe and Josephine, who were both in their teens when they got married.
C) Christine and Christopher, who were both in their thirties when they got married.
D) Darryl, who was 42, and Darlene, who was 33 when they got married.

Question 51

Your textbook notes that the median age of marriage has increased by several years in the last four decades. Which of the following is a benefit of this delayed entry into marriage?

A) Getting married later reduces the likelihood of marital infidelity occurring.
B) Getting married later reduces the chance of a couple losing their home to foreclosure.
C) Getting married later seems to reduce the likelihood of unwanted children.
D) Getting married later seems to decrease the likelihood of divorced for women.

Question 52

How has the median age of first marriage in the United States changed from 1970 to 2009?

A) It has dropped by about four years.
B) It has remained constant.
C) It has risen by about five years.
D) It has risen by about eight years.

Question 53

When a marriage is interrupted by military deployment, both partners will be affected by the changes in circumstances. Which of the following is an accurate statement about such cases?

A) If a marriage is interrupted by military deployment, the couples' beliefs about their ability to survive such a separation is unrelated to the likelihood of the marriage lasting.
B) Research finds that only about 10% of "military marriages" survive when a deployment lasts for more than 12 months.
C) Research finds that wives who have to leave due to military deployment experience higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder when they return than do husbands.
D) Divorce rates for women service members who are deployed are higher than for their male counterparts.

Question 54

Heather is only moderately happy with her marriage. Because of that, she is thinking about having a baby to make her marriage more satisfying. Is this a good idea?

A) Yes, because marital satisfaction increases with the birth of a baby.
B) Maybe, because when both parents want a baby, marital satisfaction increases after the birth of the baby.
C) No, as having a child typically decreases marital satisfaction.
D) It is uncertain, as there is no specific relationship between marital satisfaction and the birth of a child.

Question 55

When they first got married, Marge and Irwin each had some individual behaviors that irritated the other. For example, Irwin would constantly leave his dirty socks on the bedroom floor, and this bothered Marge. Marge, on the other hand, always forgot to lock the front door when she came in the house. This drove Irwin up a tree! Twenty years later, however, Marge locks the door, and Irwin picks up his socks. This sort of change to accommodate a partner is called marital ________.

A) adjustment
B) satisfaction
C) quality
D) success

Question 56

Although they generally get along well and love each other very much, Jeanie and Randall decide to seek marital counseling to strengthen their relationship. Their therapist begins by asking them both questions about things like work, finances, their children, their communication, their sex life, and other dimensions of their relationship. This therapist is assessing Jeanie and Randall's marital ________.

A) success
B) quality
C) adjustment
D) satisfaction

Question 57

Marital ________ is an umbrella term that refers to any marital outcome.

A) success
B) satisfaction
C) quality
D) adjustment

Question 58

According to ________ theory, marriages are most likely to be successful when each partner contributes something to the relationship that would be difficult for the other partner to provide.

A) exchange
B) reciprocity
C) input
D) juxtaposition

Question 59

Of the following couples, which would you say would be the quickest to make a commitment and opt to cohabit the fastest?

A) Mark and John, a homosexual male couple
B) Linda and Elizabeth, a homosexual female couple
C) John and Tessa, a heterosexual couple
D) Research has found that, despite popular belief, sexual orientation is unrelated to the speed at which couples "fall for" each other and choose to move in together.

Question 60

The most common form of family in Western societies is the ________ family, which consists only of parents and children.

A) associative
B) extended
C) nuclear
D) blended

Question 61

Many homosexual couples wish to be parents, and this can often be accomplished through a variety of methods. Resistance to such situations, however, can often occur. Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding this issue?

A) While the waiting period for a heterosexual couple to adopt a child is usually 3 to 5 years, the same agency may force a homosexual couple to wait as many as 10 to 15 years to execute the same adoption.
B) Adoption for homosexual couples often costs two to three times as much as adoption for a heterosexual couple.
C) While there are no laws that prevent homosexual couples from adopting children, adoption agencies tend to discriminate openly against such couples and usually refuse to place children in such homes.
D) Some states in the United States of America actually have laws that forbid gay and lesbian couples from adopting.

Question 62

Men who become fathers when they are in their thirties are generally more invested in their paternal role and spend up to ___ times more time caring for their preschool children as younger fathers do.

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) nine

Question 63

For couples who get married in the United States of America today, there is a ___ percent chance that their relationship will end in divorce.

A) 25
B) 33
C) 50
D) 60

Question 64

Stephanie and Zach are about to have their first baby, a little girl who they are going to name Nora. If Stephanie is like the average mother in the United States, she is about ____ years old.

A) 19
B) 22
C) 26
D) 28

Question 65

The greatest worry of most adoptive, foster, and step-parents is that the adoptive child in their life will

A) not physically resemble them.
B) fail to bond with them.
C) lack intelligence.
D) be carrying some undetected genetic disorder.

Question 66

Why is it that many Native American parents have lost some of their traditional cultural parenting skills, where children were valued, women were considered sacred, and men cared for and provided for their families?

A) because modern Native American families have found that these values are archaic and outdated
B) because of the increases in drug and alcohol addiction seen in Native American villages
C) because of the infiltration of Judeo-Christian religious values into tribal communities
D) because of many generations of oppression

Question 67

The proportion of births to unwed mothers in the United States is at an all-time high, now over 40%, with the highest rate of single-mother births occurring among ________ women.

A) Asian American
B) Latina
C) African American
D) Native American

Question 68

Marcus and Michelle have been married for 12 years, and as they both approach their fortieth birthdays they agree that they are going to remain childless. This decision, while frowned upon by some, brings with it several advantages. Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of being childless that is noted in your textbook?

A) higher marital satisfaction
B) less concern about safety in the home
C) more freedom
D) higher standards of living

Question 69

Many single parents report complex feelings, such as frustration, failure, and guilt. This often leads them to behave in a(n) ________ toward their children.

A) overindulgent
B) neglectful
C) authoritative
D) abusive

Question 70

The average age at which a woman gives birth to her first child has changed because of _____ and women postponing having children for career purposes.

A) an increase in teen birthrate
B) a decrease in teen birthrate
C) an increase in the age of menopause
D) a decrease in the age of menopause

Question 71

The cultural value of ________ partially explains the significantly higher trend for Latino college students to live at home.

A) marianismo
B) machismo
C) nervios
D) familism

Question 72

Studies have found that in multi-ethnic families, ________ are the key to helping children establish their ethnic identities.

A) fathers
B) siblings
C) mothers
D) grandparents

Question 73

According to the US Department of Agriculture, a family in the middle income bracket who had a child in 2009 would spend approximately _________ on the child's necessities over the first 17 years of that child's life.

A) $55,000
B) $120,000
C) $286,000
D) $375,000

Question 74

The most common form of family around the world is the ________ family, in which grandparents and other relatives live with parents and their children.

A) nuclear
B) extended
C) multi-layered
D) blended

Question 75

Parents of multiracial children tend to __________ than parents of single-race children.

A) worry less about their children being rejected by others due to their race
B) use authoritarian parenting methods more
C) experience less marital stress
D) feel that they are discriminated against more

Question 76

Familism is the idea that a family's well-being takes precedence over the concerns of individual family members, and is a value most associated with ________ families.

A) African American
B) Latino
C) European American
D) Middle Eastern

Question 77

Quite possibly the biggest decision that a couple will have to make is

A) whether or not both partners should pursue a career.
B) where to live.
C) how to save and when to spend their money.
D) whether or not to have children.

Question 78

African American homes often have parents who provide a cohesive, loving environment that operates with several different elements working together. Which of the following is NOT one of those elements, as identified in your textbook?

A) an agreement that house chores are a "woman's job."
B) strong religious beliefs
C) pride in cultural heritage
D) cooperation within the family

Question 79

Thirty-six-year-old Alexander and 25-year-old Jonathan are typical first-time fathers. We would expect that

A) Alexander will spend more time with his child than Jonathan.
B) Alexander and Jonathan will spend about the same amount of time with their children.
C) Jonathan will spend more time with his child than Alexander.
D) Jonathan will spend more time with his child if his child is male and Alexander's is female.

Question 80

Research into families in the Netherlands where there was a transracially adopted child from Columbia, Korea, or Sri Lanka found that one particular struggle for the child was

A) not speaking Dutch well enough to be understood.
B) living with an impoverished family.
C) looking different
D) being significantly taller than their siblings.