Deck 11: Medical Anthropology

Question 1

Pains resulting from fruit picking conditions are an example of:

A) Symbolic violence.
B) Structural violence.
C) Political violence.
D) Everyday violence.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An example of symbolic violence in this chapter is:

A) The author's use of a hot tub for aches, when others have no access.
B) Crescencio's headaches, which are tied to work hierarchy and racist insults.
C) Abelino's knee pain.
D) Farm managers' concerns about heart disease.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Bernardo's stomach pain can be traced to which of the following?

A) Working conditions in the harvest fields.
B) Lack of adequate healthcare.
C) Militarization connected to corporate capitalism.
D) Reform of the Mexican prison system.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Fear of authority among undocumented workers is an example of:

A) Symbolic violence.
B) Structural violence.
C) Political violence.
D) Everyday violence.

Question 5

The forms of violence experienced by Triqui fruit pickers are often:

A) Isolated incidents that are highly individualistic.
B) More structural than symbolic.
C) More political than structural.
D) Mutually producing and reinforcing.

Question 6

If structural factors contribute significantly to obesity among Latinos, what might be a useful solution?

A) Classes for mothers on the preparation of healthy foods.
B) Education on best practices for exercise.
C) Increased public awareness of healthy body types.
D) Ensuring safer neighborhoods for exercise.

Question 7

What makes someone a virtuous biocitizen?

A) Community efforts to grow and distribute fresh produce.
B) Individual efforts to exercise and diet.
C) Demonstrating care for the planet by donating to green charities.
D) Distributing pamphlets on healthy eating, including recipes.

Question 8

What are the social and cultural benefits of having a "proper body"?

A) Increased health late in life.
B) Increased income and access to benefits.
C) Increased consumption of fresh vegetables.
D) Decreased reliance on traditional foods.

Question 9

Where do Latino youth generally learn about healthy food and eating?

A) From their parents.
B) From doctors and other medical professionals.
C) From their peers.
D) From anti-obesity campaigns.

Question 10

What is the likely effect of health programs aimed at addressing Latino obesity as a problem of ignorance?

A) By addressing Latino ignorance, obesity problems should be improved.
B) These programs will correctly point out that Latinos make bad eating decisions.
C) Improvements in health knowledge should help youth more than adults.
D) Treating obesity as primarily an ignorance problem may compound health issues.

Question 11

In this study, black drug users maintained an appearance of control and fun-seeking. White drug users:

A) Also maintained an appearance of control.
B) Considered themselves to be depressed.
C) Tended to go on late-night binges.
D) Had less intense heroin habits.

Question 12

In relation to HIV infection, what was the effect of rinsing contaminated needles with water?

A) Rinsing with water is effective at flushing out the HIV virus.
B) Several study participants were infected with HIV via needles during this study.
C) Most drug users use clean needles, so rinsing with water is not important.
D) Rinsing with water kills the HIV virus more effectively than does alcohol.

Question 13

The term developed by Bourdieu to describe a person's conscious and unconscious dispositions is:

A) Sense memory.
B) Habitus.
C) Addiction.
D) Embodyment.

Question 14

Physical patterns of heroin use are based on many distinct cultural practices. Those physical patterns of use:

A) Are inscribed upon the body in a pattern of scars, infections, and postures.
B) Are a result of racial differences, such as the black gene for resilient veins.
C) Are usually interpreted as inherent rather than cultural distinctions.
D) Show more variation within a group than between groups.

Question 15

What was the effect of knowledge-based hepatitis C prevention campaigns?

A) With better knowledge of hepatitis C transmission, infection rates dropped.
B) Better knowledge of hepatitis C treatments helped to resolve structural inequalities.
C) Study participants were able to use water rinses to reduce hepatitis C infections.
D) Knowledge-based campaigns were counterproductive and created a dynamic of self-blame.

Question 16

The act of cutting can be viewed:

A) As a symptom of an underlying disorder.
B) As a form of bodily agency.
C) As a form of habitus.
D) Both a and b.

Question 17

What is the link between suicidality and cutting?

A) Cutting is a way of enacting agency, but suicidality is not.
B) All cutters are at some point suicidal.
C) Cutting is not invariably linked to suicidality.
D) Males are more likely to engage in both self-cutting and suicidality.

Question 18

In her narrative, Sarah describes self-cutting as:

A) A step toward suicidality.
B) A relief from stress and anxiety.
C) A way to hurt yourself without really hurting yourself.
D) A way of helping irritability.

Question 19

In what the authors describe as the first mode of agency, what is the relation between self and world?

A) The hand is an agent of self, and the wound opens the person to the world.
B) Self and world have a reciprocal relationship, and the wound is breaking the boundary between them.
C) The cutting hand is a tool of the world's oppressive agency.
D) The act of cutting symbolizes the oppression of neoliberal capitalism.

Question 20

In terms of dealing with stress, how does cutting make the youth in this study feel?

A) It makes them feel better.
B) It doesn't make them feel better.
C) It makes some but not all of them feel better.
D) It makes them all feel better for the short term.

Question 21

The shift in the early 20^th century from home births to hospital births was largely driven by:

A) Unsafe practices in home births leading to high death rates.
B) Advances in medical technology.
C) Lobbying and public relations campaigns by medical professionals.
D) Increased disposable income within American households.

Question 22

How do direct-entry midwives differ from nurse practitioners?

A) Direct-entry midwives attend nursing school but receive a different diploma.
B) Direct-entry midwives can write prescriptions in many states.
C) Direct-entry midwives come to the profession through apprenticeship or special training programs.
D) Nurse practitioners are not trained to deliver babies.

Question 23

How are midwives expanding popular notions of U.S. democracy?

A) By ensuring that midwives vote in local and state elections.
B) By seeing government as a process that they can change through involvement.
C) By lobbying representatives to include certification as a ballot issue.
D) Through initiatives that support more home births.

Question 24

How do midwives approach childbirth differently than the "technocratic" medical system?

A) Midwives see themselves as birth managers.
B) Most midwife-directed births take place in water.
C) Midwives are more likely to count the mother's intuition as legitimate knowledge.
D) Midwives are only used by women with low-risk pregnancies.

Question 25

Why might some midwives oppose licensure?

A) It would shut out some midwives who don't meet criteria.
B) It might increase demand beyond the capacity that midwives can fulfill.
C) Grassroots political efforts are not useful, since industrial lobbying always wins.
D) Midwifery is already certified in many states.

Question 26

According to Dr. Kalofonos, how did AIDS become a resource within Mozambique?

A) Government officials kept a large share of the international aid funds received for AIDS.
B) Funding for AIDS opened new opportunities including food aid and employment.
C) The AIDS epidemic led to a growth in the healthcare industry.
D) Research into the spread of AIDS was so intensive that it caused a growth in the local economy.

Question 27

Readings in Part 11 deal with both issues of agency and issues of structural violence. How do individual agency and structural violence conflict with one another when it comes to health issues? Use two examples from the text to support your argument.

Question 28

Several of the readings in this section address health issues among youth. What are some reasons why anthropologists may have an interest in youth health? Provide at least two examples from the text.

Question 29

What do you see as the most important health concern in your community? Write a short public essay-the equivalent of a blog post-describing how anthropologists might work to address this issue. Use the text as a resource for supporting your argument.

Question 30

Parts 11.2 and 11.3 both address knowledge-based interventions. What are some problems with knowledge-based health interventions? What other types of health interventions might be more effective, and why?

Question 31

In Part 11.1, Holmes discusses structural and symbolic violence in relation to health problems of migrant farm workers. How might you apply the same concepts to the study of midwives in Part 11.5?