Deck 9: Psychophysiological Disorders and Health Psychology

Question 1

Psychophysiological disorders are listed on Axis III of DSM-5.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Canada.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for our "fight or flight" response.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Having friends around can reduce stress.

Question 5

Women who use humour to cope with their breast cancer diagnosis are in denial.

Question 6

In Selye's conceptualization of stress, stress is a response.

Question 7

For some people, stress can kill.

Question 8

According to the general adaptation syndrome, failure to adapt to stress can result in the death of the organism.

Question 9

Instrumental support is a type of structural social support.

Question 10

Activation of the HPA axis is associated with reactions to stress.

Question 11

According to Lazarus, events are events; how we appraise them determines whether they are stressful or not.

Question 12

The perseverative cognition hypothesis states that rumination prolongs the stress response and can contribute to health problems.

Question 13

College students generally enjoy much better health than the rest of the population.

Question 14

The term stress originated from Physics.

Question 15

The human body reacts to emotional stress differently than physical threats.

Question 16

The current terminology for disorders like asthma and hypertension is psychosomatic disorders

Question 17

Neurogenic stressors stem from psychological factors (e.g., anticipation of an unpleasant event).

Question 18

Vital exhaustion is an extreme form of job spillover.

Question 19

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale asks participants about daily experiences.

Question 20

Job spillover is the notion that stress from work spills over into one's home life.

Question 21

Europeans are more likely to have hypertension than North Americans.

Question 22

Interventions by health psychologists for cardiovascular disease tend to involve:

A) Lifestyle changes
B) Tertiary care
C) Hospital treatment
D) Assessments using fMRI

Question 23

Canadians tend to be aware of their cardiovascular health.

Question 24

Among those suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, bowel disorders, and stomach and intestinal ulcers, which psychological disorder is mostly found according to Gadalla (2008)?

A) Anxiety disorders
B) Chronic psychological disorders
C) Mood disorders
D) All of the above

Question 25

Type A personality is a good predictor of coronary heart disease.

Question 26

Mammograms are still the preferred screening tool for women at high risk of developing breast cancer.

Question 27

Treatment for psychophysiological disorders should include a physician and a mental health professional.

Question 28

What are the goals of health psychology and behavioural medicine?

A) Altering all lifestyle habits
B) Altering distressed psychological states in order to improve health
C) Altering physiological processes in order to improve health
D) Altering perceptions about mental health

Question 29

Which field specifically studies the role of psychological factors in health?

A) Behavioural medicine
B) Psychiatry
C) Clinical social work
D) Pediatrics

Question 30

The social gradient of health refers to the notion that people with better social lives are in better health.

Question 31

Disorders that are physical in nature but worsened by psychological factors are

A) Conversion disorders.
B) Psychophysiological disorders.
C) Somatoform disorders.
D) Pain disorders.

Question 32

Hypertension is called essential hypertension when the root cause is known.

Question 33

Which of the following views was fostered when DSM began requiring diagnostic judgments of psychological factors affecting medical conditions?

A) Certain physical problems are caused by psychological stress.
B) Certain psychological problems are caused by physical stress.
C) All medical problems may result, in part, from psychological factors.
D) All psychological problems may result, in part, from medical factors.

Question 34

According to the gate-control theory of pain, it is possible to be shot and not feel pain.

Question 35

Type D personality is a good predictor or coronary heart disease.

Question 36

Charles' hypertension is worsened by chronic anxiety, characterized by tension, palpitations, sweating, and numbness in his limbs. How would his condition be diagnosed in the DSM-5?

A) Psychophysiological disorder
B) Asthma
C) Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
D) Howard's problem would not be diagnosed in DSM-5: his anxiety is caused by his asthma, which is a physical condition not covered by the DSM.

Question 37

According to your textbook, __________ is the leading cause of death in Canada.

A) an accident
B) cancer
C) cardiovascular disease
D) suicide

Question 38

Another term for psychophysiological disorders is

A) Somatoform disorders.
B) Somatization disorders.
C) Psychosomatic disorders.
D) Psychomimetic disorders.

Question 39

Angina pectoris is another term for heart attack.

Question 40

Roy Romanow (2003) in his report Improving the Health of Canadians listed several elements relating to the importance of social context in people's health. Which one of the following was stated in Romanow's report?

A) Don't be poor: rich people live longer on average and are healthier
B) Get a good start in life and chose the community you live in
C) Graduate from high school and get a job
D) All of the above

Question 41

According to the work on stress by Anisman and Merali (1999), the anticipation of an adverse effect would be considered:

A) A psychogenic stressor
B) A neurogenic stressor
C) A hypogenic stressor
D) A cognogenic stressor

Question 42

In an Ottawa-area study, Sweet and colleagues (1999) recently found that the stress experienced during breast cancer screening is closely tied to

A) How the stressful situation is appraised and perceived.
B) How well the coping response matches with the stressor.
C) Whether the individual engages in palliative coping or not.
D) Whether the individual seeks social support.

Question 43

Which of the following type of stressor is most likely to create allostatic load?

A) Persistent and unpredictable
B) Intense and prolonged
C) Variable
D) Chronic and intermittent

Question 44

According to the goodness of fit hypothesis, the most adaptive form of coping in uncontrollable situations is:

A) Problem-focused coping
B) Escape
C) Emotional expression
D) Task-oriented coping

Question 45

Emotional upset or deterioration of performance are considered stress _________.

A) responses
B) stimuli
C) correlates
D) causes

Question 46

Sonya is a 55 year old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which lifestyle change will have the biggest impact on her disease management?

A) Becoming a vegetarian
B) Losing weight
C) Quitting smoking
D) Starting an intense exercise regiment

Question 47

"Allostatic load" refers to:

A) The body's response to chronic, intermittent, and unpredictable stressors.
B) The body's response to intense and prolonged demands.
C) The pathological result of chronic, prolonged stress.
D) The pathological result of chronic, intermittent stress.

Question 48

In a recent study conducted in Ottawa, researchers found that the stress experienced during breast cancer screening was related to:

A) How stressful the screening was perceived
B) The amount of social support given to patients
C) Whether the patient had a family history of breast cancer
D) The level of other stressors in the patients' lives

Question 49

What percentage of death is caused by cardiovascular disease in Canada?

A) 20%
B) 45%
C) 60%
D) 75%

Question 50

Neurogenic stressors stem from:

A) Psychological factors
B) A physical stimulus
C) Genetic factors
D) All of the above

Question 51

"I am stressed when I don't feel able to manage things." This definition of stress is most similar to the definition used by:

A) Selye
B) Lazarus
C) Carver
D) Scheier

Question 52

Morton has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following comorbid conditions will negatively impact his quality of life?

A) Anxiety
B) Bulimia
C) Intermittent explosive disorder
D) Avoidant personality disorder

Question 53

Self-management programs are key for success in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. How are psychologists involved?

A) Helping people make lifestyle changes
B) Giving people the chance to talk about their illness
C) Providing education about the medical aspects of the illness
D) Monitoring patient compliance with medication

Question 54

"Relaxation exercises are the only way I can cope with the stress of graduate school." This person would be using ___________ coping.

A) inward-focused
B) outward-focused
C) problem-focused
D) emotion-focused

Question 55

Brent copes with the diagnosis of asthma by reading everything he can find about the illness. This is an example of

A) inward-focused coping.
B) outward-focused coping.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 56

An example of a neurogenic stressor is:

A) Death of a loved one
B) Anticipation of surgery
C) Bodily injury
D) Failing an exam

Question 57

The most effective type of coping has been found to be

A) inward-focused coping.
B) problem-focused coping.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) None of the above is always most effective; it depends on the situation.

Question 58

The goodness of fit hypothesis refers to the match between:

A) A patient's goals and his or her family's goals
B) The person's characteristics and ability to assimilate when in a foreign country
C) The degree of similarity in the personalities of husbands and wives
D) The match between a person's coping response and the demands of the situation

Question 59

Jan typically copes with stressful situations by relaxing or distracting herself from the problem. According to Lazarus, this type of coping is referred to as

A) emotion-focused coping.
B) problem-focused coping.
C) avoidance coping.
D) cognitive-behavioural coping.

Question 60

Mary discusses her job stress with her partner after work. She specifically discusses how the stress from her job makes her feel. This is referred to as

A) inward-focused coping.
B) outward-focused coping.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 61

The term "eustress" refers to

A) a lack of stress.
B) a positive, pleasant type of stress.
C) a decrease in the level of physiological stress.
D) an emotional stressor

Question 62

The voluntary part of the human nervous system is the:

A) Somatic nervous system
B) Sympathetic nervous system
C) Parasympathetic nervous system
D) Autonomic nervous system

Question 63

Canadian researcher Hans Selye made which of the following important contributions to the field of health psychology?

A) The distinction between distress and eustress
B) The distinction between stressors that are psychogenic or neurogenic
C) The distinction between the effects of controllable and uncontrollable stressors
D) The "goodness of fit" hypothesis

Question 64

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome involves all of the following phases EXCEPT:

A) Exhaustion
B) Alarm reaction
C) Stress coping
D) Resistance

Question 65

In the first phase of Selye's GAS model, the ______ is activated by stress.

A) ANS
B) CNS
C) RAS
D) HPA axis

Question 66

Which Canadian citizen created the term "stress"?

A) Bandura
B) Endler
C) Linden
D) Selye

Question 67

The general adaptation syndrome is a model to describe the

A) effects of relaxation training on psychophysiological disorders.
B) effects of psychological coping on the body's response to stress.
C) biological reaction to chronic physical stress.
D) effects of autonomic lability on anxiety.

Question 68

According to Hans Selye, stress is:

A) A specific response of the body to any demand for change.
B) A nonspecific response of the body to any demand for change.
C) A biological response of the body to any demand for change.
D) A psychological response to specific situations that primarily require change.

Question 69

According to the first phase of Selye's GAS, if stress is too powerful, the following may happen:

A) Symptoms of an anxiety disorder begin to develop
B) Symptoms of somatization disorder begin to develop
C) The central nervous system becomes over-stimulated
D) Adrenal glands become enlarged

Question 70

The general adaptation syndrome is divided into three stages as follows:

A) Alarm- resistance- exhaustion.
B) Stress- coping- recovery vs. disease.
C) Autonomic reactivity- relaxation- adaptation.
D) Stressor- arousal- anxiety.

Question 71

The three phased model: "alarm reaction", "resistance", and "exhaustion" best describes which biological response to sustained physical stress?

A) Specified adaptation syndrome
B) General adaptation syndrome
C) Specified coping syndrome
D) General coping syndrome

Question 72

Distraction can be an effective way of dealing with the emotional upset of an upcoming surgery, but it would be a poor way to handle the upset of discovering a lump in one's breast. This concept describes the:

A) Allostatic load
B) General adaptation syndrome
C) Goodness of fit hypothesis
D) Palliative coping

Question 73

Which of the following correctly represents the phase sequence of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

A) Resistance; exhaustion; alarm reaction
B) Alarm reaction; stress coping; resistance
C) Stress coping; resistance; alarm reaction
D) Alarm reaction; resistance; exhaustion

Question 74

When a new semester of school begins, most students would be in this phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) Alarm
B) Resistance
C) Exhaustion
D) Compensation

Question 75

Hans Selye, formally of McGill University in Montreal, is world-renowned for his work on:

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Coping
C) Stress
D) Resilience

Question 76

Guyenet's (2006) review of evidence shows a link between:

A) Immune system activation and heart disease
B) Sympathetic nervous system activation and hypertension
C) Parasympathetic nervous system activation and irritable bowel disease
D) Somatic nervous system activation and cardiac disease

Question 77

During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, the organism

A) becomes activated and tries to resist the development of ulcers and immune deficiency problems.
B) resists responding altogether and waits until the stress passes.
C) adapts to the stress by engaging its coping mechanisms.
D) avoids stressful situations.

Question 78

During the third phase of Seyle's GAS, the organism:

A) Releases endorphins to counteract the stressor
B) Ceases cortisol production
C) Uses coping mechanisms to adapt to the stress
D) Suffers irreversible damage or dies

Question 79

Michael becomes very overwhelmed as exam time approaches. In order to cope with this, he creates a very detailed study schedule that ensures adequate time for each subject. According to Lazarus, this type of coping is referred to as

A) emotion-focused coping.
B) problem-focused coping.
C) obsessional coping.
D) cognitive-behavioural coping.

Question 80

McGill University's Hans Selye believed that his term stress was misleading and should have been called __________ instead.

A) stressor
B) strain
C) eustress
D) tension