Deck 8: Demography

Question 1

Connectivity increases when

A) dispersal is frequent.
B) there are habitat barriers to dispersal.
C) population boundaries are undefined.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In modular organisms,

A) the meristem is suppressed.
B) growth occurs in repetitive fashion.
C) individuals are distinct.
D) individuals are unitary.
E) none of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The following values are known from a population analysis by the Lincoln index: number marked at time 1 = 20; number unmarked at time 2 = 30; number of marked animals captured at time 2 = 10. The population size is

A) 10.
B) 20.
C) 40.
D) 60.
E) none of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Lincoln Index assumes that

A) marked and umarked individuals die at different rates.
B) marked and unmarked individuals mix in the population.
C) marking individuals makes them more likely to be captured.
D) the population size changes between time 1 and time 2.
E) None of the above

Question 5

The Poisson distribution describes a population distribution

A) if the population is distributed randomly.
B) if the population size is changing.
C) independently of the grid size.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 6

The Janzen-Connell hypothesis states that

A) seed predators are randomly distributed.
B) seeds near the tree are more successful than distant seeds.
C) tropical trees are highly clumped.
D) seeds at great distance from the parent avoid seed predation.
E) none of the above

Question 7

A Type I survivorship curve is characterized by

A) low infant mortality.
B) high infant mortality.
C) a long lifespan.
D) a constant mortality rate.
E) none of the above

Question 8

Life expectancy

A) is equivalent to life span.
B) is calculated e_x = n_x/T_x.
C) changes with age.
D) does not change with age.
E) none of the above

Question 9

The net reproductive rate (R₀) is calculated from the sum of the

A) l_x column.
B) b_x column.
C) n_xl_c column.
D) l_xb_x column.
E) none of the above

Question 10

A life table can be constructed from just females because

A) we can simply multiply the result by 2 to complete the table.
B) in polygynous systems males mate with more than one female.
C) in polygynous systems males do not care for the young.
D) male mortality is much higher than female mortality.
E) none of the above

Question 11

The multiplicative growth rate (λ)

A) is the numerical factor by which the population increases in each time period.
B) applies only to populations with overlapping generations.
C) is the same as the value of R₀.
D) is independent of time.
E) none of the above

Question 12

The value of r is measured when the population is small because

A) it is easiest to measure at that time.
B) the generations are not yet overlapping.
C) the values of b and d change with the value of N.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is not an important determinant of population change?

A) B (birth rate)
B) D (death rate
C) C (connectivity)
D) E (emigration)
E) none of the above

Question 14

An index of relative abundance

A) is based on mark-recapture.
B) can determine the proportional change in the population.
C) can determine the exact population size.
D) requires the direct observation of individuals.
E) none of the above

Question 15

The fitness of an individual

A) has no effect on population size.
B) may lead to a decrease in population size.
C) depends on population size.
D) is always different for males and females.
E) none of the above

Question 16

The Janzen-Connell hypothesis

A) does not apply to coral reefs.
B) does not apply to tropical forests.
C) predicts that juvenile mortality increases with distance from adults.
D) predicts that juvenile mortality decreases with distance from adults.
E) none of the above

Question 17

The demographic transition

A) occurs when populations exceed their carrying capacity.
B) is delayed by industrialization.
C) occurs when the death rate increases to meet the birth rate.
D) occurs when the birth rate declines to meet the death rate.
E) none of the above

Question 18

Cohort life tables are more accurate than static life tables.

Question 19

In a Type II survivorship curve mortality is constant with age.

Question 20

Immigration and emigration are always balanced.

Question 21

l_x m measures the age specific reproductive rate.

Question 22

The deme and ecological population are identical in size.

Question 23

The sex ratio is always balanced by the age of reproduction.

Question 24

The distribution of resources can determine population dispersion.

Question 25

Human populations continue to increase during industrialization because the death rate declines but the birth rate does not.

Question 26

All unitary organisms are monoecious.

Question 27

The total fertility rate (TFR) in humans is equivalent to R₀.

Question 28

A population is defined as _____________________.

Question 29

A __________life table follows a group of individuals from birth to death; a _________ life table is based on a sample of individuals at one time.

Question 30

In an analysis of population distribution using the Poisson distribution you find that the mean number of individuals per grid square is larger than the variance in the number of individuals per grid square. This suggests that the population distribution is_______________.

Question 31

A deme is defined as _________________.

Question 32

A ________ is a physiologically distinct plant; a _____________ is a genetically distinct plant.

Question 33

In a Type III survivorship curve mortality is highest _________________

Question 34

Explain the difference between a cohort and static life table.