Question 1

In ancient Greece, slaves were tortured&#10;A) As punishment for crime.&#10;B) For disobeying their owners.&#10;C) To ensure truthful testimony.&#10;D) As public entertainment.

Accepted Answer

In ancient Greece, slaves were often tortured to ensure they provided truthful testimony, as it was believed that they would only tell the truth under duress.

Question 2

Ancient Rome employed torture&#10;A) As a legal practice in treason cases.&#10;B) Against slaves only.&#10;C) Against all citizens.&#10;D) Against citizens of the lower classes.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

English law did not employ torture in criminal trials because&#10;A) The ordeal was used instead.&#10;B) Convictions did not require perfect proof.&#10;C) It was forbidden by the Assizes of Clarendon.&#10;D) Torture warrants were never issues.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Medieval continental trial procedure tried to ensure confessions obtained by torture were accurate by&#10;A) Having the suspect repeat his confession in court.&#10;B) Preceding torture with prayer.&#10;C) Corroborating the confession with evidence.&#10;D) Issuing torture warrants.

Accepted Answer

Having the suspect repeat his confession in court was a method used to ensure that the confession was genuine and not solely a result of torture.

Question 5

The Hawkins-Leach dictum or rule held that&#10;A) Confessions obtained by torture were admissible if the king signed a torture warrant.&#10;B) Star Chamber convictions based on confessions required the confessions be voluntary.&#10;C) English judges could only be removed from office for bad behavior.&#10;D) A false promise that a person who confessed would be released made the resulting confession inadmissible in court.

Accepted Answer

The Hawkins-Leach dictum stated that a confession obtained through a false promise of release would be inadmissible, as it was not made voluntarily.

Question 6

The common-law and American state voluntary confessions rule was designed to ensure the confessions were&#10;A) Autonomous.&#10;B) Transparent.&#10;C) Accurate.&#10;D) Procedurally fair.

Accepted Answer

The rule was designed to ensure that confessions were accurate, meaning they were made voluntarily and truthfully without coercion or improper influence.

Question 7

The English judges rules&#10;A) Abolished police questioning.&#10;B) Restated the common-law voluntariness test in clear language.&#10;C) Were strongly resisted by chief constables.&#10;D) Instructed police to not cross-examine suspects giving voluntary statements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The English judges rules&#10;A) Abolished police questioning.&#10;B)...

Question 8

The third-degree type of police interrogation was prevalent&#10;A) In the early nineteenth century.&#10;B) In the period from 1890 to the 1930s.&#10;C) In the period from about 1940 to the 1960s.&#10;D) After 2000.

Accepted Answer

The third-degree interrogation methods were most prevalent from the late 19th century to the 1930s, involving coercive and often violent techniques.

Question 9

False confessions or guilty pleas are reported in ___ of DNA exonerations.&#10;A) 5%.&#10;B) 15%.&#10;C) 25%.&#10;D) 50%.

Accepted Answer

False confessions or guilty pleas are reported in approximately 25% of DNA exonerations, highlighting a significant issue in the criminal justice system where innocent individuals may admit guilt under certain pressures or circumstances.

Question 10

The Supreme Court's due process rulings concerning coerced confessions&#10;A) Transcended the goals of the common-law voluntariness test.&#10;B) Were essentially the same as the common-law voluntariness test.&#10;C) Required that suspects be warned they had a right to silence.&#10;D) Provided clear guidance to police.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court's due process rulings on coerced confessions went beyond the common-law voluntariness test by focusing on the broader implications of due process rights, rather than just the voluntariness of the confession.

Deck 2: Interrogations, Law, and False Confessions: Marvin Zalman