Deck 7: Families

Question 1

How is marriage different from other contracts?

A) Its details are specified, and when it ends through divorce, the state makes the final decision over nearly all arrangements.
B) Most contracts are equal between both parties, whereas the marriage contract favors one party over the other.
C) All of the legal restrictions placed on marriage by the marriage contract are negative.
D) It provides more freedom than other contracts.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is coverture?

A) A practice in several cultures in which the husband of a pregnant woman takes to his bed as though he were giving birth to the child
B) The requirement in ancient French cultures that women in a family cover their hair and faces during menstruation
C) The doctrine that defined marriage as a unity in which husband and wife became one, and that "one" was the husband
D) A term for welfare laws that protect the neediest families

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How does the narrow definition of marriage as between a woman and a man create rules about gender?

A) It suggests that after the marriage, women should take on certain tasks and a certain role, and men should do the "opposite."
B) It reminds us that men and women are not equal, but are different beings who can only unite with someone of the "opposite sex" in marriage.
C) The marriage contract that presents this definition also lists tenets of male and female behavior.
D) All of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In what ways are the U.S. government's attempts to "promote marriage" as a way to address the problem of poverty flawed?

A) They assume that failure to marry causes poverty and that marriage cures poor couples' financial problems.
B) The program does not acknowledge the issue of marriage quality.
C) Single parenthood does not necessarily lead to poverty.
D) All of the above

Question 5

What is the effect of the "motherhood penalty" on working women, according to Michelle Budig and Paula England's 2001 study?

A) Women were 5 times less likely to find work after having children.
B) Women's income declined by 7% for each child they had.
C) Working women choose not to have children or to wait until their 40s to try to have children.
D) Women were taxed at a higher rate than men after having children.

Question 6

How is the United States unique in the developed world in terms of its policy toward new parents?

A) It only offers publicly funded paid leave for new parents if they are married.
B) It only offers publicly funded paid leave for new parents if they are single.
C) It lacks any publicly funded paid leave for new parents.
D) It offers more publicly funded paid leave for new parents.

Question 7

How is the 1996 Temporary Aid to Needy Families program (TANF) different from the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program (AFDC) that it replaced?

A) TANF places more stringent limits on financial assistance to needy families.
B) AFDC placed more stringent limits on financial assistance to needy families.
C) TANF has a far larger budget of $33 billion annually, so it is able to disburse more funding to needy families.
D) AFDC barred legal immigrants from receiving TANF and food stamps.

Question 8

What does the "fragile families" group emphasize about fatherhood?

A) That fathers and mothers should work as a team to raise children
B) That there is a natural difference between fathers and mothers, which heterosexual marriage cements
C) That it is a father's responsibility to provide for a family economically
D) That the fragility of the American family requires a renewed effort to save the institution of marriage

Question 9

How do men and women experience divorce differently?

A) Women are two to three times more likely to initiate divorce.
B) Men and women are stigmatized in different ways and for different reasons.
C) Women face a decline in their incomes after a divorce, while men see an increase.
D) All of the above

Question 10

What does "repudiation" refer to in divorce law?

A) The right a woman has in South African divorce courts to rebut a claim that she has been unfaithful
B) The unilateral prerogative for a man to terminate a marriage at will without judicial intervention under Islamic law
C) The procedure in Egypt that puts women in an equal position with men in relation to no-fault divorce
D) The laws in both Tunisia and Morocco by which a nonconsenting woman must be provided with alimony for life by her divorcing husband

Question 11

Which of the following ideas does the fragile families perspective promote about fathers as wage earners:

A) Fathers feel more engaged in family life when they have decent jobs with decent wages available to them.
B) Societies should make it possible for women and men to share breadwinning responsibilities.
C) Fathers should be the primary breadwinners for their families while mothers should take on primary responsibility for childcare.
D) Both a. and b. are correct.

Question 12

When it comes to government orientation to supporting families with children, which of the following orientations does the U.S. have?

A) Pro-family and pro-natalist
B) Non-interventionist
C) Traditional breadwinner model
D) Egalitarian

Question 13

What does the "free rider" problem as related to having and raising children?

A) Men do not spend as much time caring for children as women do
B) Individuals and institutions benefit from the work that parents do but do not have to pay for that work
C) Women who have children do not contribute as much to the economy
D) Some parents rely too much on institutions and other individuals to raise their children for them.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding laws surrounding marriage in the United States?

A) It is legal is some states for individuals under the age of 18 to get married.
B) All states must allow same-sex couples to either marry or enter into a civil union or domestic partnership.
C) All states must allow same-sex couples to marry.
D) Both a. and c. are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best definition of a neo-traditional couple?

A) A heterosexual couple who share equitably in the responsibilities of earning income and caring for their children.
B) A gay or lesbian couple who mirror traditional heterosexual patterns by designating one caregiver and one breadwinner.
C) Any contemporary couple who implements a breadwinner/caregiver division of family labor
D) A couple who believes is the equality of both partners but has a "fall back plan" of prioritizing men's careers and women prioritizing caregiving.

Question 16

What is the masculinity movement as it relates to families?

A) A campaign to redefine masculinity for boys so that it is acceptable to be nurturing and show emotion
B) A campaign to redefine masculinity for fathers so that it is acceptable to be nurturing and show emotion
C) A movement promoting the notions that fathers should be providers and leaders of their families and have more control of child custody and child support payments
D) Both a. and b. are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the Motherhood Mystique?

A) A mother's intense devotion is good for her children.
B) Mothers should be involved in every aspect of their children's lives.
C) Mothers should be a buffer to difficult things in the outside world.
D) A mother should role model career ambition and having other personal interests.

Question 18

Which of the following represents a fourth phase in the history of marriage in the United States?

A) Coverture
B) Marriage as a shared partnership in which spouses have overlapping responsibilities
C) The recognition of gay and lesbian marriages
D) The end of coverture and the legal recognition of husbands and wives as equal citizens

Question 19

What proportion of the U.S. federal budget is devoted public welfare programs (like TANF and food stamps)?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 20%

Question 20

Which of the following is the best description of a pro-natalist orientation to family policymaking?

A) Policies which promote having children, for example by offering paid parental leave and stipends to families with children.
B) Policies which promote women staying home with babies by providing a family wage to male breadwinners
C) A lack of public policies supporting parents and children with the assumption that families should determine how to support themselves without government aid
D) Policies which promote more equal sharing of childcare responsibilities by providing paid leave to parents where some of the time must be used by fathers