Deck 12: Sports

Question 1

Sports are often seen as a natural inclination of boys, but most men recall the encouragement of fathers and peers and stereotypes of non-athletic boys as sissies. Starting sports has therefor been liked to __________.

A) sex-based testing
B) an initiation ritual for masculinity
C) a masculinity threat
D) a masculinity cost

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is the best definition of Title IX?

A) Federal legislation that prohibits sex discrimination in any federal program receiving federal dollars
B) Federal legislation that prohibits sex discrimination in schools sports programs
C) Federal legislation that prohibits sex discrimination in any school sport that is not privately funded/doesn't generate income for a school
D) Federal legislation that requires that sex-segregated activities in educational setting that receive public dollars, such as sports and residence halls, be equally funded.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is true of sex testing in the Olympics?

A) All athletes are required to undergo genetic sex testing.
B) Only female athletes are required to undergo sex testing.
C) Olympic athletes are no longer required to undergo sex testing.
D) Only male athletes are required to undergo sex testing.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Cooky and Dworkin observe that sex testing in sports in based on 3 flawed assumptions. Which is NOT one of them?

A) Sex exists as a binary
B) Sex segregation allows for a level playing field
C) Intersex athletes have an unfair advantage over women
D) Women will be more vulnerable to injury if they compete with men.

Question 5

Musto observed which of the following trends among children on mixed-gender competitive swim teams.

A) Swimmers in the most elite group discussed their own and others' athleticism rather than gender differences during structured practice time.
B) Swimmers in the most elite group discussed gender differences but not gender hierarchies during unstructured time.
C) Swimmers in the less advanced groups discussed gender difference during structured and unstructured practice time.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 6

Harper (2018) found that black men were around 55 percent of football and basketball players across 65 different colleges. They were ______ percent of the student body.

A) Less than 3
B) 7
C) 13
D) 26

Question 7

Which of the following is true of regarding the 2018 Winter Olympic team from the U.S.?

A) Women outnumbered men.
B) Women won more medals than men.
C) More women were disqualified for infractions like steroid use than men.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 8

In 2015, the difference in median spending on college sports programs for men and women in the U.S. was ________ more spent on men's sports.

A) about $1 million
B) about $5 million
C) about $10 million
D) about $15 million

Question 9

Title IX has created more gender equity in sports, but in what area has it caused less gender equity?

A) Physical education instruction at the elementary level
B) Tennis: fewer women now play competitive tennis at the college level.
C) Football: fewer men now play competitive football at the college level.
D) Coaching and administration positions

Question 10

In what way are homophobia and heterosexism found in women's experience in athletics?

A) Lesbians frequently gravitate towards athletics, which has led to a greater concentration in athletics of homophobia and heterosexism.
B) Female athletic culture frequently takes on the rituals and practices of male athletic culture, including its heterocentric bias.
C) There is a low rate of homophobia and heterocentrism among female athletes, but female coaches and athletic administrators demonstrate both tendencies frequently.
D) Women athletes are often assumed to be lesbians and therefore unacceptable as real women.

Question 11

Research suggests that female athletes may try to distance themselves for other female athletes who are unfeminine or who are lesbians by talking negatively about these women or emphasizing how they are different. What is this strategy called?

A) Emphasized femininity
B) Heterosexy-fit
C) Defensive othering
D) Gender essentialism

Question 12

Since the passage of Title IX, the percentage of women's college teams that have female head coaches has _________.

A) doubled
B) more than tripled
C) remained the same
D) fallen by more than 50%

Question 13

To address gender inequality in sports, _________ desire greater inclusion for women within the existing structure of sports.

A) Assimilationists
B) Reformists
C) Revolutionaries
D) Both a. and b.

Question 14

What does the concept of "the woman athlete triad" refer to?

A) Conflicting expectations placed on female athletes that they be thin, strong, and nice.
B) Three markers of ultimate success for professional woman athletes: a high salary, profitable endorsements, and athletic achievement
C) The medical conditions of anorexia, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis which are associated with low body weight
D) The three factors that make girls likely to continue playing sports into adulthood: starting early, private training, and avoiding injuries

Question 15

Critics argue that most sports of gender segregated because the potential for women to be as fast or strong as men or to beat men in competition amounts to a masculinity threat, meaning ________.

A) women are more likely to be injured
B) sports will no longer confer masculinity on men
C) men will feel that their masculinity has been taken away.
D) Both b. and c. are correct.

Question 16

What are the characteristics of power and performance sports?

A) Highly competitive and organized
B) Individual sports where athletes compete for times rather than face-to-face to score points
C) Loosely defined and more informal sports
D) Non-competitive, "conditioning" sports like weight-lifting or dance

Question 17

What are the characteristics of participation sports?

A) Highly competitive and organized
B) Individual sports where athletes compete for times rather than face-to-face to score points
C) Loosely defined and more informal sports
D) Non-competitive, "conditioning" sports like weight-lifting or dance

Question 18

Pascoe finds that one way boys and men police one another's masculinity is through using homophobic slurs to label individuals and behavior. What does Pascoe call this?

A) Masculinity costs
B) Fag discourse
C) Defensive othering
D) Masculinity threats

Question 19

Who was the first woman to run the Boston marathon?

A) Kathrine Switzer
B) Caster Semenya
C) Sarah Attar
D) Donna de Varona

Question 20

What is emphasized femininity?

A) Expressions of compliance, nurturing, and heterosexuality that are socially rewarded in women
B) Efforts some female athletes may take to distance themselves from other female athletes who are deemed unfeminine or who are gay or assumed to be gay
C) Contemporary expressions of female athleticism, like being strong and tough as well as cooperate and supportive of teammates
D) The equation of femininity with some sports and institutions, e.g. the idea that ice skating and gymnastics are sports for women and girls