Deck 10: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD

Question 1

According to Elhai and colleagues (2010) and Ingersoll and Marquis (2014), some individuals may be more predisposed than others to develop PTSD; however, there is a cause. What is the cause?

A) the unification of theoretical orientations
B) a diagnosis of bipolar disorder
C) the trauma itself
D) none of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Gilbert & Orlans (2011), which hemisphere is involved in the dysregulated emotional arousal system of individuals with PTSD?

A) right
B) left
C) neither hemisphere
D) none of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

A) An individual's predisposition to developing PTSD subsequent to a traumatic event needs to take into consideration an interaction of factors,e. e.g., physiological, genetic, and psychological variables (Ingersoll & Marquis, 2014).
B) Attachment interactions structure the coping mechanisms of the right hemisphere in infants, and the lack of empathic responses by caregivers have been found to generate trauma which is stored in memory (Gilbert & Orlans, 2011).
C) It is possible that the disruption of sleep affects PTSD; however, findings have not been consistent (Ross, 2014; Ross et al., 2017).
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which areas of the brain have been implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder?

A) the hippocampus
B) a hyperactive amygdala
C) prefrontal cortex
D) all of the above

Question 5

Psychological factors that can influence the development of PTSD include

A) epigenetics
B) cognitive vulnerabilities
C) genetic vulnerabilities
D) none of the above

Question 6

According to Magnavita and Anchin (2014), a diathesis can endure at many different levels. The second level of the total ecological system (TES) is ______________________________.

A) the intrapsychic-biological, e.g., limbic hyperarousal resulting in anxiety
B) the sociocultural level, .g., a low degree of social support as a predictor of acute stress disorder or PTSD
C) the interpersonal-dyadic level, e.g., an exploitative trauma which can include physical abuse
D) none of the above

Question 7

According to Pyszczynski & Kesebir (2011), the integrative theory, ______________________, can explain responses to trauma as well as the origin and maintenance of PTSD.

A) anger limbic theory
B) anger buffer disruption theory
C) terror buffer theory
D) none of the above

Question 8

According to Blow and colleauges (2015), ___________________ , an integrated treatment, is well suited for veterans with PTSD and relies on attachment theory while targeting the expression of emotions in an adaptive manner.

A) EFT
B) anger limbic theory
C) only a single-school therapy
D) none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Lewis (2014) proposed a brief CBT treatment, a terror management theory (TMT) cognitive-behavioral integrated treatment collaboration, with a focus on mortality salience (MS), the state of recognition of an individual's eventual death, to assist patients to find meaning in their fear or anxiety related to death.
B) Sotskova and Dossett (2017) proposed an integrative model for the treatment of PTSD, an example of assimilative integration, that describes an existential integrative model for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
C) With respect to the neuroscience theme of epigenetics and posttraumatic stress disorder, it has been demonstrated that therapy has helped to undo a number of DNA methylation patterns related to PTSD, indicating that epigenetic alterations are absolute (Ross et al., 2017; Yehuda et al., 2013).
D) all of the above

Question 10

An Integral approach to PTSD takes into account _______________ quadrants, levels and lines of development, and a patient's minute-to-minute states (Ingersoll & Marquis, 2014).

A) seven
B) two
C) six
D) four

Question 11

What kinds of psychopharmacological treatments have been used to treat PTSD?

A) only antidepressant medications
B) antianxiety and antidepressant medications
C) only antianxiety
D) none of the above

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

A) A unified psychotherapy treatment approach for PTSD is the transdiagnostic unified protocol (UP) of Varkovitzky and colleagues' (2018) who employed the UP for veterans who were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder and different comorbidities.
B) The transdiagnostic unified protocol (UP) may suit clients and mental health professionals who wish to select a psychotherapy approach that is not trauma-focused in order to target a broad spectrum of symptoms and general dissatisfaction with life (Varkovitzky et al., 2018).
C) It was found that at the end of the transdiagnostic unified protocol (UP) patients reported that they had fewer problems with emotion regulation, a decreased number of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder than they had prior to being treated with the UP, an increase in quality of life, and that the improvements in anxiety endured for at least a year and a half following UP treatment (Bullis, Fortune, Farchione, & Barlow, 2014; Carl, Gallagher, Sauer-Zavala, Bentley, & Barlow, 2014; Varkovitzky et al., 2018).
D) all of the above