Deck 10: Community Policing and the Use of Force

Question 1

When police officers build relationships with the public, it does which of the following?

A) It is assumed to make no difference in the likelihood of use of force.
B) enhances familiarity
C) contributes to negative stereotypes
D) increases the social distance between police and the public

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to former Attorney General Loretta Lynch, law enforcement officials and residents should view one another as ______, rather than as ______.

A) rivals; supporters
B) allies; adversaries
C) opponents; partners
D) resources; enemies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the authors, police hope to promote which of the following through community policing?

A) cooperation
B) motivation
C) enthusiasm
D) innovation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The social contract between citizens and their government, an agreement where citizens give up certain rights in exchange for police services, is referred to as police ______.

A) ethics
B) authority
C) legitimacy
D) discretion

Question 5

The expectation that police decisions and actions will be fair and just is referred to as ______.

A) police legitimacy
B) procedural justice
C) distributive justice
D) police authority

Question 6

Procedural justice highlights which of the following beliefs about police?

A) that they are capable
B) that they are trustworthy
C) that they are biased
D) that they are powerful

Question 7

Which of the following is considered to be the cornerstone of police legitimacy and trust?

A) perishable skills
B) use of force
C) procedural justice
D) officer discretion

Question 8

Which of the following was identified as a pillar of procedural justice?

A) opportunities for voice
B) ambiguity in processes
C) subjectivity in decision making
D) enhanced discretion

Question 9

The most common types of encounters people experience with police are when ______.

A) residents report a crime or problem to police
B) police provide assistance or service
C) residents are pulled over by police
D) police are investigating a crime

Question 10

Which of the following reasons explains why it is difficult to collect and assess data on the prevalence rates of use of force?

A) The definition of use of force is too narrow.
B) The data come from only one source: court records.
C) Incidents of force are always reported.
D) The variety of types of force are numerous.

Question 11

Which of the following force options would yield the most accurate data?

A) deadly force
B) officer presence
C) verbalization
D) empty-hand control

Question 12

According to the authors, the public is interested in accurate data about use of force for which reason?

A) transparency
B) training
C) compliance
D) discipline

Question 13

The amount of effort required by police to compel compliance of an unwilling subject is referred to as ______.

A) police legitimacy
B) officer discretion
C) use of force
D) procedural justice

Question 14

Which of the following statements pertaining to the use of force policies is true? Use of force policies are ______.

A) uniform across all law enforcement agencies in the United States
B) supposed to instruct law enforcements officers how to react in every case
C) updated and reviewed infrequently
D) modified based on legislative and legal actions

Question 15

Prior to precedent-setting cases, the ______ Amendment was the standard in use of force cases.

A) Fourth
B) Sixth
C) Eighth
D) Fourteenth

Question 16

Which of the following court cases established the fleeing felon rule?

A) Graham v. Connor (1989)
B) Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
C) Terry v. Ohio (1968)
D) Plakas v. Drinski (1993)

Question 17

Which of the following court cases established that officers can stop and frisk a subject based on reasonable suspicion and not the higher standard of probable case?

A) Graham v. Connor (1989)
B) Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
C) Terry v. Ohio (1968)
D) Plakas v. Drinski (1993)

Question 18

When an officer uses symbols of the job, such as the badge, gun, or uniform to gain compliance, they are using which level of force?

A) officer presence
B) verbalization
C) less-lethal
D) empty-hand control

Question 19

Using punches or kicks to restrain an individual is an example of which level of force?

A) officer presence
B) verbalization
C) empty-hand control
D) less-lethal

Question 20

If a police officer uses a baton or Taser to gain compliance when a subject has ignored previous commands, the level of force is considered to be ______.

A) less-lethal
B) lethal
C) empty-hand control
D) officer presence

Question 21

Which type of officers are faced with greater likelihood of conflict with subjects who are hostile?

A) detectives
B) patrol officers
C) traffic control officers
D) school resource officers

Question 22

Most use of force incidents occur during ______.

A) custody
B) investigation
C) interrogation
D) arrest

Question 23

Which of the following is a common misconception about the use of force? Police shoot ______.

A) to minimize harm to others
B) to kill
C) at the center mass
D) to stop the threat

Question 24

Which of the following was identified as a way in which community policing can minimize the risks of abuse of force?

A) empowering officers to be innovative and creative in problem-solving strategies
B) directing officers, rather than coaching them
C) folding officers into police subculture
D) encouraging officers to think of short-term strategies to persistent problems

Question 25

Community policing is capable of erasing a history of public distrust.

Question 26

It is difficult to confirm links between community policing and lowered rates of force by police.

Question 27

Community policing and use of force are not mutually exclusive, nor are they incompatible.

Question 28

According to one source, a leading cause of death for young black men in America is being killed by police.

Question 29

Incidents involving police use of force, especially force that is lethal, have huge social costs such as the loss of police legitimacy.

Question 30

The line between use of force, deadly force, and excessive force is clear and distinct.

Question 31

Less than lethal weapons are those weapons that can be deployed by officers in resistant situations to help officers gain control without going hands-on physically with the suspect.

Question 32

Any skill that diminishes after a period of nonuse is a perishable skill.

Question 33

The ladder force model puts the officer in the middle, at the hub of force options.

Question 34

Officers who make more arrests increase their chances of having to resort to physical force.

Question 35

Explain the ways in which community policing lowers the use of force rates.

Question 36

Identify the four pillars of procedural justice. Why do you think these are important?

Question 37

Explain why the data on prevalence rates of use of force are difficult to collect and assess.

Question 38

Identify the five use of force levels, and provide an example of how each one is used.

Question 39

Explain the common misconceptions of use of force.