Deck 4: Experience of Empire: Eighteenth Century America

Question 1

The population of the thirteen British colonies grew to about __________ in 1770.

A) 2000
B) 20,000
C) 200,000
D) 2 million
E) 20 million

Answer 1

2 million

Question 2

The first large group of German immigrants moved to America seeking ________.

A) free land
B) religious tolerance
C) an opportunity to become wealthy farmers
D) markets for their craft products
E) work to bring their families from Europe

Answer 2

religious tolerance

Question 3

Followers of the Great Awakening,who emphasized a powerful,emotional religion,were known as ________.

A) "Old Lights"
B) "New Lights"
C) Presbyterians
D) deists
E) evangelicals

Answer 3

"New Lights"

Question 4

Which was NOT a colonial war between France and England?

A) King William's War
B) Queen Anne's War
C) King George's War
D) French and Indian War
E) King Philip's War

Question 5

A major source of political information in the colonies came in the form of ________.

A) imported political treatises
B) weekly newspapers
C) pamphlets
D) public debates
E) daily newspapers

Question 6

In 1565,concern over French encroachment led to the establishment of ________.

A) Jamestown
B) Boston
C) St. Augustine
D) Plymouth
E) Roanoke

Question 7

The leading figure at the Albany Congress,and designer of the Albany Plan,was ________.

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) George Washington
C) William Pitt
D) John Adams
E) Benjamin Franklin

Question 8

Which tribe was most successful at resisting conversion to Catholicism?

A) Pueblos
B) Coahuiltecans
C) Aztecs
D) Pimas
E) Conchos

Question 9

Which region was NOT considered part of the eighteenth-century Spanish borderlands?

A) California
B) New Mexico
C) Colorado
D) Texas
E) Florida

Question 10

The factor most responsible for the growth of the colonial population between 1700 and 1770 was ________.

A) natural reproduction
B) the great wave of immigration during that period
C) the program of forced migration instituted by the monarchy
D) the dramatic upsurge in the importation of slaves
E) the intermarriage between settlers and Native Americans

Question 11

The one American who,more than anyone else,symbolized the spirit of the Enlightenment was ________.

A) Jonathan Edwards
B) George Washington
C) Cotton Mather
D) George Whitefield
E) Benjamin Franklin

Question 12

The largest group of white,non-English immigrants to the colonies in the 1700s were ________.

A) the Dutch
B) the Germans
C) the Swedish
D) the Scots-Irish
E) the French

Question 13

Which college was NOT established as a result of the Great Awakening?

A) Princeton
B) Columbia
C) Rutgers
D) Brown
E) Dartmouth

Question 14

For many Americans,the main appeal of the Enlightenment was its focus on ________.

A) searching for practical knowledge
B) reviving interest in classical education
C) defending traditional Christian beliefs
D) pure scientific research
E) achieving a classless society

Question 15

The "middle ground" was an area ________.

A) where most of the fighting between whites and Indians occurred
B) where whites and Indians interacted on an approximately equal basis
C) inhabited by renegades, half-breeds, and runaway slaves
D) of metaphorical stasis, symbolic of a culture that was part European and part Indian
E) designated by treaty as a demilitarized zone

Question 16

In 1743,during King George's War,colonial forces captured ________.

A) Montreal
B) Toronto
C) Louisbourg
D) New Orleans
E) Quebec

Question 17

The two most important leaders of the Great Awakening in colonial America were ________.

A) Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
B) John Winthrop and Jonathan Edwards
C) John Locke and Benjamin Franklin
D) Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard
E) Cotton Mather and George Whitefield

Question 18

The major source of Anglo-French conflict in the colonies was ________.

A) slavery
B) international naval supremacy
C) arguments over relations and treaties with Native Americans
D) political grievances
E) control of the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys

Question 19

Which of these was a prominent African-American minister,founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church?

A) William Pitt
B) Richard Allen
C) Edward Braddock
D) John Trenchard
E) Thomas Gordon

Question 20

A major financial problem that confronted mid-eighteenth-century America involved the ________.

A) colonists' heavy debt to the British
B) colonists' refusal to buy English products
C) shortage of gold and silver coinage
D) colonies' failure to print paper money
E) lack of credit available to merchants

Question 21

The man who led Great Britain to victory in the Seven Years' War was ________.

A) Lord North
B) John Trenchard
C) Horatio Nelson
D) King George II
E) William Pitt

Question 22

Which best summarizes the basic philosophy of the Enlightenment?

A) Reason could help humans achieve perfection in this world.
B) Knowledge was of little use when confined to speculation.
C) Faith and tolerance could help humans achieve perfection in this world.
D) Absolutist governments must be replaced by representative governments.
E) People must give up most possessions to achieve true enlightenment.

Question 23

Which was true of the Native Americans of the "middle ground"?

A) They maintained a strong, independent role in commercial exchange with Europeans.
B) They sought to isolate themselves completely from European contact.
C) They sought economic competition between tribes rather than military confrontation.
D) They continued to war against each other rather than establish intertribal confederacies.
E) They wanted to strengthen their ties to each other in order to fight the European settlers.

Question 24

Which of the following was NOT an important effect of the Great Awakening?

A) It stimulated higher education in the colonies.
B) It strengthened the authority of old colonial religions.
C) It encouraged the development of individualism.
D) It fostered an optimistic view of the future among those touched by it.
E) It evoked a sense of "new birth" among believers.

Question 25

Why did increased trade with Europeans tend to erode the traditional leadership structure of Native American groups?

A) Native Americans looked to the Europeans as their new leaders, which caused the Native American leaders to lose much of their power.
B) Native Americans who traded with Europeans tended not to belong to traditional communities, but rather to leaderless societies.
C) Native American leaders no longer wanted to rule over other members of their groups who traded with Europeans.
D) Native American leaders spent so much time in conflict with European traders that they had no time for leadership, causing their roles to weaken.
E) Native Americans no longer consulted leaders when they bargained with European traders, which weakened the leaders' roles.

Question 26

Which is NOT true of royal governors in colonial America?

A) They had the power to dismiss judges.
B) They were military commanders-in-chief in each colony.
C) They had the power to appoint colonial officials.
D) They had the power to tax the colonists.
E) They had the right to veto legislation.

Question 27

What caused the balance of trade between England and the colonies to turn dramatically in England's favor by the mid-eighteenth century?

A) the decline in trade between the colonies and the West Indies
B) enormous demand in the colonies for British finished products
C) industrialization in the colonies
D) stricter enforcement of the Navigation Acts
E) enormous demand in the colonies for raw materials from England

Question 28

Why did Spain initially have little interest in settling California?

A) The region was full of Native American groups who fought any Europeans that tried to settle there.
B) The region had so many French settlers that the Spanish did not want to fight over land with them.
C) The region appeared to lack natural resources and was not easy to reach from Mexico City.
D) The region was continually plagued by earthquakes, which frightened the settlers away.
E) The region was too close to Mexico City and the Native American groups there.

Question 29

As a result of Enlightenment thinking,Benjamin Franklin ________.

A) turned to organized religion for meaning in his life
B) devoted his life to his own personal religious views
C) rejected the practical pursuits of life in favor of contemplation, meditation, and intellectual inquiry
D) pursued his curiosity until it yielded useful scientific ideas and ingenious material inventions
E) sought to find true enlightenment by giving up most of his material possessions

Question 30

The failure of the Albany Plan can be attributed,primarily,to the ________.

A) opposition of French authorities
B) fiscal jealousies of colonial assemblies
C) beginning of the French and Indian War
D) refusal of the Iroquois tribes to support it
E) lack of interest from colonial representatives

Question 31

Which of these was most likely the principal reason Spain found its North American border hard to hold?

A) lack of mineral resources
B) lack of arable land
C) its vastness
D) Spanish-British hostilities
E) the opposition of the Plains Indians

Question 32

How did early Spanish outposts in North America compare to early English settlements?

A) There were fewer Native American groups in the Spanish outposts to threaten the new settlers.
B) There were more natural resources in the Spanish outposts, which led to a greater success of the first settlements there.
C) The Spanish outposts contained settlers who had migrated from many more places in Europe than the ones in the English settlements.
D) The Spanish outposts grew more slowly due to the harsh environment and threats of Native Americans.
E) Though they started later, the Spanish outposts eventually grew much larger and at a faster rate.

Question 33

What was the main motivation that brought so many Scots-Irish to America in the 1700s?

A) They came to practice Catholicism freely, something they could not do in Ireland.
B) They came in search of freedom and prosperity, two things they lacked in Ireland.
C) They came to work as indentured servants in the New World.
D) Their main goal was to form new Presbyterian congregations in America.
E) They came to earn money in America and planned to return to Scotland.

Question 34

Why did tension arise between colonial congregations of the 1740s and 1750s?

A) Evangelical preachers began to challenge traditional preaching.
B) Colonial preachers no longer wanted to be controlled by the English clergy.
C) Some preachers wanted to prevent colonists from joining their congregations.
D) Many preachers tried to convert Native Americans to evangelical Christianity.
E) Congregations disagreed about whether women should participate in the church.

Question 35

Which war between England and France had the greatest political and economic impact on colonial America?

A) King William's War
B) Queen Anne's War
C) King George's War
D) the Seven Years' War
E) King Philip's War

Question 36

Which of the following best characterizes the primary message of Jonathan Edwards' preaching?

A) that a combination of good deeds and steadfast faith could bring salvation
B) that salvation would come through repentance only
C) that the eternal fate of individuals was determined at birth
D) that Old Light spokesmen were the only true possessors of truth
E) that people could redeem themselves by performing good works

Question 37

What happened as a result of the growth of the eighteenth-century colonial economy?

A) The population grew even faster and per capita income declined.
B) Enforcement of the Navigation Laws sowed the seeds of a lingering bitterness against Britain.
C) The colonies developed a strong industrial base.
D) Colonists' prosperity as a whole increased.
E) American exports increasingly found new markets around the world.

Question 38

Colonial involvement in imperial wars began with ________.

A) the French and Indian War
B) King William's War
C) King Philip's War
D) the Thirty Years' War
E) Queen Anne's War

Question 39

Which was NOT a territorial change under the Peace of Paris (1763),which ended the Seven Years' War?

A) Spain gained Louisiana
B) Britain gained Florida
C) France lost all land claims in continental North America
D) Spain gained Guadeloupe and Martinique in the Caribbean
E) Britain gained Canada

Question 40

What was the motivation for German Lutherans to come to the middle colonies in the later 1700s?

A) Their primary goal was to improve their lives materially.
B) They wanted to escape the war that was going on between Germany and France.
C) They were seeking political freedom.
D) They were seeking religious freedom.
E) Their primary goal was to convert more people to Lutheranism in the colonies.

Question 41

Analyze the dynamic between the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening in shaping eighteenth-century American culture.

Question 42

One of the most important factors uniting Americans of different colonies into a single political culture was ________.

A) the English common law
B) cooperative royal governors in between the northern and southern colonies
C) their near-monolithic religious beliefs
D) a respect for the sovereignty of Parliament
E) fear of attack by Indians

Question 43

Which was NOT a consequence of the Seven Years' War?

A) The war made the colonists more aware of their land.
B) The war led to the creation of several new French colonies.
C) The war trained a corps of American officers.
D) The war revealed British discontent with America's contribution to its own defense.
E) The war forced the colonists to cooperate on an unprecedented scale.

Question 44

How did the increase in British imports to the colonies in the 1700s affect American culture?

A) The colonists produced fewer of their own homespun goods, which made them less reliant on old traditions.
B) The colonists no longer relied on imports from other countries and became less connected to French and Spanish cultures.
C) The same British goods were sold throughout the colonies, which gave colonists a collective background and brought them into greater contact with each other.
D) The colonists of different colonies developed interests in different British imports, which led to greater isolation and greater identification with their own region.
E) The colonists were introduced to new British traditions through the imports they bought, and lost much of their original American culture.

Question 45

Colonial legislators saw their primary function as ________.

A) improving the lives of their constituents
B) preventing encroachments on the people's rights
C) implementing the governor's policies
D) mediating between the royal governor and the people
E) supporting the governor to attain patronage appointments

Question 46

Which best describes Benjamin Franklin's main goal in drafting the Albany Plan?

A) to organize a council of delegates to coordinate common defense and western expansion
B) to propose the dredging of canals that connected Albany with Lake Erie and the St. Lawrence River
C) to set up a system of common taxes and tariffs throughout the colonies
D) to draft a constitution that freed the colonies from any control by the British crown
E) to prepare the colonies for an eventual war of independence with England

Question 47

What difficulties did Native Americans encounter in their struggle to maintain cultural independence? What was the function of the "middle ground"?

Question 48

Why did colonists believe that their governments replicated the English political system? What factors made these governments uniquely American? How may this have paved the way for eventual political union?

Question 49

Which statement is the best interpretation of this sentence from page 105? "For the British,'American' was a way of saying 'not quite English.'"

A) The British believed that the colonists could only become truly American if they broke away from the crown.
B) The British felt that the colonists needed to import more British goods in order to be considered truly British.
C) The British did not perceive the differences among the various colonies and thought all Americans were the same.
D) The British regarded colonists not as English-as the colonists viewed themselves-but as something a little different.
E) The British felt that the colonists no longer wanted to be British and had rejected many of their traditional ways.

Question 50

By the mid-1700s,the colonial assemblies ________.

A) had surrendered most powers to royal assemblies
B) were gaining steadily in power
C) were able to elect the colonial governors
D) were completely independent in their actions from the mother country
E) were full of mid-level bureaucrats seeking better patronage jobs

Question 51

In the period of the rise of the colonial assembly,which of these changes took place in colonial law?

A) A unique colonial legal system emerged.
B) Colonial courts disappeared.
C) Colonial law increasingly reflected German law.
D) Legal practices increasingly resembled those of England.
E) Legal issues were increasingly decided in England.

Question 52

What did the Great Awakening,intercolonial trade,and the rise of the colonial assemblies have in common?

A) They created disdain for England.
B) They created a rebellious spirit in America.
C) They contributed to a growing sense of shared identity.
D) They helped create imperial rivalry between England and France.
E) They exacerbated the problems of an already-divided citizenry.

Question 53

Which best describes the change in colonial warfare during the eighteenth century?

A) Rather than fight off Native Americans, the colonists found that their main enemies were colonists from other regions of the country.
B) Rather than participate in European wars, the colonists were forced to battle against Native Americans.
C) Instead of the threat from hostile Native Americans, the colonists faced threats from African-American slaves.
D) Instead of facing threats from Native Americans and African-American slaves, the colonists were forced to fight against Spanish forces.
E) Instead of being involved in local wars with Native Americans, the colonists became involved with the wars between Britain and France.