Deck 7: Globalization and Development

Question 1

Globalization has resulted in which of the following?

A) Contraction of time and space
B) Exploitation of time and space
C) Prolongation of time and space
D) Evolution of time and space
E) Subordination of time and space

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Fernando Henrique Cardoso, president of Brazil from 1994-2002, was a founding member of which school of thought?

A) Modernization
B) Neoliberalism
C) Dependency
D) World systems
E) Post-development

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Foreign direct investment refers to which of the following?

A) Investment in foreign goods and services
B) Investment that has a physical presence and is made across borders
C) Investment in foreign stock markets
D) Bank deposits in foreign countries
E) Loans for structural adjustment

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What types of policies have been associated with the Washington Consensus?

A) Neoliberalism
B) Monetarism
C) Keynesian economics
D) Supply side management
E) Marxism

Question 5

What country has emerged out of the 2008 crisis as the "workshop of the world"?

A) Brazil
B) Russia
C) India
D) China
E) South Africa

Question 6

Four developing countries have received the majority of FDI flows. Which of the following is NOT one of those four?

A) China
B) India
C) Brazil
D) Egypt
E) South Africa

Question 7

Who argued the "invisible hand" of the market will help countries find their comparative advantage?

A) Amartya Sens
B) David Dollar
C) Adam Smith
D) Emmanuel Wallerstein
E) Martin Gaal

Question 8

For David Dollar, an economist at the World Bank, which of the following proves globalization works?

A) That the amount of people living on less than a dollar a day is lower
B) That tariffs on goods has been reduced to a nominal rate of 0 per cent over the last decade
C) That inequality between states has been reduced by over 50 per cent since 2008
D) That poor-country growth rates are higher than rich-country growth rates for the first time
E) That the triad basis of trade has been over turned by a multi-polar governance model

Question 9

Walden Bello argues that the income gap between "rich" and "poor" countries ______________.

A) has begun to shrink
B) continues to grow
C) continues to shrink
D) has recently begun to grow
E) has remained consistent despite new economic policies driven by globalization

Question 10

Africa accounts for approximately what percentage of the world's GDP?

A) Less than 1 per cent
B) 3 per cent
C) 10 per cent
D) 15 per cent
E) 20 per cent

Question 11

The term "globalization" has been associated with ____________ first adopted by the United States and Britain in the early 1980s and later promoted by the World Bank and the IMF in developing countries.

A) import substitution industrialization policies
B) Keynesian policies
C) neoliberal policies
D) Both B & C
E) None of the above

Question 12

How is contemporary globalization different than the capitalism experienced by Marx?

A) The diversity in range of economic production
B) The flattening of the world economy
C) The establishment of a hub and spoke economy
D) The speed and intensity of interconnections
E) The democratization of economic production

Question 13

Since 2010, China's economy has entered a period of ______________.

A) rapid growth and industrialization
B) slow growth
C) steady growth
D) positive growth but a boom and bust economy
E) All of the above

Question 14

Instead of an actual world government, there is a system of which of the following-in which a handful of institutions rule, though not democratically or accountably?

A) Global control
B) Global hegemony
C) Global finance
D) Global trade
E) Global governance

Question 15

Which of the following three countries comprise the "triad" of economic power?

A) North America, Russia, and Western Europe
B) East Asia, South America, and Africa
C) India, Russia, and China
D) Western Europe, Japan, and North America
E) China, Japan, and Korea

Question 16

How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the world economy?

A) The estimated losses for 2020 are greater than 10 per cent of the total world GDP.
B) Many African countries dependent on income generated by resource exports, could lose tens of billions of dollars.
C) Developing countries will experience substantial declines in trade, investment, and tourism, resulting in an economic recession in the Global South.
D) Both B & C
E) All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the BRICS?

A) Indonesia
B) China
C) India
D) South Africa
E) Russia

Question 18

In an attempt to restructure the world economy away from the traditional dominance of the G7, ________________.

A) informal alliances such as the BRICS were formed
B) regional bodies such as Mercosur and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations were encouraged
C) proposals were put forward to reform the United Nations, the World Bank, and the IMF
D) All of the above
E) None of the above, as the structure in place was too powerful

Question 19

In 1994, which Mexican group rejected NAFTA and its globalization policies on the world stage?

A) Sandinistas
B) Zapatistas
C) Tijuana Majority
D) The Castinadas
E) Los Pollos Hermanos

Question 20

When was the first anti-globalization protest in Seattle?

A) 1969
B) 1979
C) 1989
D) 1999
E) 2009

Question 21

When was the World Social Forum initiated?

A) 2001
B) 1991
C) 1981
D) 1961
E) 1931

Question 22

How did the COVID-19 pandemic reach Europe, the Americas, and Africa?

A) Through the dense local web of national chains in China.
B) Through the journeys of thousands of immigrants.
C) Through the dense global web of international chains of production and mass tourism.
D) Through the worldwide action of Chinese nationalized companies.
E) Through the air.

Question 23

What is being predicted by the World Bank in relation to COVID-19?

A) Effective responses from states and international agencies
B) Alter development strategies
C) Unprecedented and rapid development
D) An unclear but substantial global economic downturn
E) Wars and famine

Question 24

What does globalization mean for countries like Brazil?

A) A change in its paths toward integration to capitalism
B) A new challenge for a world economic system
C) An opposition to the Washington Consensus
D) A loss of more virgin forests
E) To become part of the G7

Question 25

Why was it argued that capitalism had finally triumphed?

A) Because of the Washington Consensus
B) Because of the advent of globalization
C) Because imperialism was over
D) Because of the collapse of the Soviet Union
E) Because Donald Trump became the president of the United States

Question 26

The Washington Consensus suggested ________________.

A) limited globalization
B) market-restricting regulations
C) the nationalization of capital flows
D) the privatization of the health sector in African countries
E) the privatization of the public sector

Question 27

How was China able to lift 600 million people out of poverty?

A) By finding competitive niches and succeeding in attracting foreign capital
B) By finding competitive niches and avoiding attracting foreign capital
C) By becoming the bank of the world
D) By becoming a military superpower
E) By becoming a capitalist open market

Question 28

How does globalization work?

A) It promotes the nationalization of fossil-derived resources.
B) It highlights the exploitation of the world markets.
C) It gives nation-states full autonomy.
D) It emphasizes the geographic divide between the North and the South
E) It underpins a transformation in the organization of human affairs by linking together and expanding human activity across regions and continents.

Question 29

Who concentrates most of the key economic, commercial, and financial transactions worldwide?

A) China, Japan, and South Korea
B) The United States and China
C) Africa and Western Europe
D) Latin America and North America
E) Western Europe, Japan, North America

Question 30

What can be safely said about Africa in the face of globalization?

A) It has become the workshop of the world
B) It is facing big gains from globalization
C) It has grown economically like never before
D) It is facing exclusion from the benefits of globalization
E) Its population is highly connected

Question 31

What are the causes of the increase in the exports from developing countries?

A) Independence movements after World War II
B) Capital flows from China
C) Chinese imperialism
D) Foreign direct investment
E) The IMF and World Bank pressures

Question 32

How was the concept of territory been reshaped by globalization?

A) It is no longer the social space of human activity.
B) It is limited to local activities.
C) It is now understood as the space for migrations.
D) It has become a clear and defined concept.
E) It has fallen out of use.

Question 33

How is the United States taking advantage of globalization?

A) By helping other nations become democratic
B) By neo-nationalism
C) By imposing new tariffs on China
D) By setting a new stage for it imperial interests
E) By transnational organizations

Question 34

Globalization creates a contraction of time and space due to technological changes in communications and transportation.

Question 35

The Washington Consensus calls for market liberalization.

Question 36

As of 2010, China was growing at a pace to become the world's biggest exporter.

Question 37

The concept of "transnationalism" is identical to globalization.

Question 38

Trade has been growing faster than production in the era of globalization.

Question 39

In 2010, even after the financial crisis, emerging countries are still increasing their exports.

Question 40

Wealth is so concentrated that, as of 2018, the richest 26 people owned the same as the poorest half of humanity.

Question 41

Purchases of foreign stock or foreign debt are referred to as foreign direct investment.

Question 42

African countries account for less than 1 per cent of the world's GDP.

Question 43

Most of the foreign direct investment to the Global South flows to India.

Question 44

As a result of globalization and the rise of multinational corporations, the nation-state has more sovereignty than ever before.

Question 45

According to Kenichi Ohmae, as global interaction increases, the vulnerability of the nation-state also increases.

Question 46

India belongs to a group of countries that are referred to as "BRICS."

Question 47

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to economic decline in emerging economies such as Brazil and Argentina, and subsequent political and social confrontations.

Question 48

The prevalence of global civil society has diminished in recent decades.

Question 49

The World Social Forum was initiated in Mexico.

Question 50

Alter-globalization movements propose to break down the structures of domination and exclusion that marginalize the poor.

Question 51

The Occupy Movement was a sit-in to support equity in the global trading system.

Question 52

The World Social Forum is a counter-hegemonic movement.

Question 53

Pope Francis encourages nations to cooperate and attribute certain functions and services to intergovernmental institutions to promote the common good of their populations.

Question 54

Cairo is the "capital" of the Arab Spring movement.

Question 55

Naomi Klein argues climate change is a crisis born of overconsumption by the comparatively wealthy.

Question 56

Alter-globalization activists have proposed reforming globalization in a systemic manner called neo-globalization.

Question 57

Alter-globalization activists believe in changing the paradigm, the methods, and the goals required to achieve human development.

Question 58

Globalization does not have an impact on politics or the political structures of nation-states. It only influences economics.

Question 59

Globalization means new sets of relations and activities irrespective of territories.

Question 60

Social movements could not react before the COVID-19 crisis.

Question 61

Social movements in both the Global North and Global South initiated emergency campaigns to feed, house, and care for people impacted by COVID-19.

Question 62

The old saying "think globally, act locally" applies even more because alter-globalists are indeed acting globally.

Question 63

The HIV/AIDS epidemic response can be thought of as an example of alter-globalist movements.

Question 64

The Sustainable Development Goals include the delivery of universal free health care, education, and other public services mainly for young boys.

Question 65

Pablo Solón argues that deglobalization flourishes if social forces help transform state powers.

Question 66

Critics of the current model of globalization argue that the process is not sustainable due to the unrestricted exploitation of the planet's resources.

Question 67

According to Pablo Solón, deglobalization promotes isolation.

Question 68

What does it mean to say that globalization contracts time and space?

Question 69

What is the East Asian "miracle"?

Question 70

Explain the World Bank's view that globalization is beneficial for the developing world.

Question 71

Why has globalization led to the conceptualization that the current era is the "global age"?

Question 72

Why are exports from developing countries growing faster in comparison to the rest of the world?

Question 73

Why, despite recent economic growth, have many African countries not experienced significant social and economic improvements?

Question 74

How has China succeeded in creating economic growth during this period of globalization?

Question 75

Why is commodity driven growth proven to be a risky development approach?

Question 76

On what basis do some scholars argue that globalization is "another face" of imperialism?

Question 77

How is the Global South attempting to current policies to promote a more stable and equitable globalization? Has this process been successful?

Question 78

Define the concept of "global civil society" and discuss reasons for its ascendency.

Question 79

What was the significance of the 1994 Zapatista movement in Southern Mexico?

Question 80

Define and describe the Arab Spring and its origins.