Deck 3: Communication, Perception, Identity, and the Self

Question 1

In interpersonal encounters, when we first meet people we usually, we form a(n) ______.

A) decision
B) impression
C) connection
D) resistance

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When Gail met Ingrid, see noticed that she seemed nervous so she decided that Ingrid was timid. Ingrid doesn't see herself that way at all. They have a difference in ______.

A) reaction
B) idea
C) perception
D) analysis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______ is a process of using our senses to respond to stimuli.

A) Expression
B) Impression
C) Analysis
D) Perception

Answer 3

D

Question 4

One of the five stages of the perception process is ______.

A) memorizing
B) discovering
C) speaking
D) writing

Question 5

We are ______ when we are observant and aware of our surroundings.

A) organizing
B) attending
C) mindful
D) selective

Question 6

While meeting with a patient, Dr. Callaghan makes sure to be attentive to detail and observant of the patient's state of being. Dr. Callaghan is exhibiting ______.

A) selective perception
B) mindfulness
C) selective retention
D) self-monitoring

Question 7

The ______ stage of interpersonal perception requires us to put information in an accessible and orderly fashion.

A) attending
B) organizing
C) interpreting
D) memorizing

Question 8

When we memorize we tend to use mental frameworks called ______.

A) relational schemata
B) boxes
C) mental folders
D) generalizations

Question 9

Mirra and Ben, a barista at her favorite coffee house, flirt when she orders her latte. Ben's arms are covered in tattoos, and his nose is pierced in three places. Mirra is not sure she and Ben would be a good match because she is attracted to intellectual men. When Mirra mentions their flirtation to her friend Sara, she learns Ben has a Ph.D. in philosophy and hosts a podcast on applied ethics. In stereotyping Ben, Mirra ignored ______.

A) individual differences
B) patterns of classification
C) unique schemata
D) fixed impressions

Question 10

We assign meaning during the ______ stage of interpersonal perception.

A) retrieving
B) attending
C) organizing
D) interpreting

Question 11

The ______ stage of interpersonal perception asks us to recall or access information.

A) interpreting stage
B) organizing stage
C) retrieving stage
D) attending stage

Question 12

People from different cultures may have trouble understanding why others do what they do because ______.

A) they do not maintain eye contact
B) they are using different schemata to organize and interpret information
C) they do not approve of one another's religious beliefs
D) not all cultures dictate how information should be organized and interpreted

Question 13

______ affect(s) how people perceive the world.

A) Stereotyping
B) Opinions
C) Mindfulness
D) Cultural heritage

Question 14

The biological makeup of an individual as male or female refers to their ______.

A) gender
B) sex
C) androgyny
D) assignment

Question 15

The learned behaviors a culture associates with being male or female are referred to as ______.

A) gender
B) gender roles
C) gender role socialization
D) gender schema

Question 16

Linette wants to wear her basketball shorts to church like her brother, but she does not. Instead she puts on a dress. This is an example of ______.

A) gender
B) gender role socialization
C) age
D) physical factors

Question 17

"Manspreading" is the name given to sitting with your legs wide apart. Viewing this as a masculine behavioral pattern illustrates use of gender ______.

A) roles
B) stereotypes
C) schemata
D) prescriptions

Question 18

______ make(s) it possible to cultivate online relationships.

A) Perceptions
B) Mindfulness
C) Culture
D) Technology

Question 19

______ is defined as a set of perceptions held by an individual.

A) Mindfulness
B) Self-concept
C) Opinion
D) Culture

Question 20

Felix considers himself a class clown who brings some lightness to otherwise dull classrooms. When a new classmate tells him he's actually disruptive and not funny, he dismisses the opinion as inaccurate. Felix is exhibiting the stability of his ______.

A) self-esteem
B) self-awareness
C) self-concept
D) self-worth

Question 21

Which is a dimension of the self?

A) actual self
B) identity markers
C) self-awareness
D) implicit personality

Question 22

______ suggests that communication with others shapes personal identity.

A) Symbolic Interactionism Theory
B) Social Information Processing Theory
C) The theatrical performance model
D) The identity management model

Question 23

Understanding who we are is called ______.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) self-hatred
C) self-esteem
D) self-awareness

Question 24

Individuals who remain central in our lives are referred to as ______.

A) significant others
B) family
C) specialized others
D) intimates

Question 25

Understanding self-awareness is the first step in understanding ______.

A) self-esteem
B) culture
C) strangers
D) communication

Question 26

______ is an evaluation of who we perceive ourselves to be.

A) Self-fulfilling prophecy
B) Self-concept
C) Self-awareness
D) Self-esteem

Question 27

Unlike self-concept, self-esteem involves ______.

A) perception
B) roles
C) evaluations
D) obstacles

Question 28

______ occurs when predictions cause you to behave in a way that makes certain that events will occur as you imagined.

A) Self-esteem
B) Self-concept
C) Self-awareness
D) Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 29

Steve thinks he's awkward when we talks with girls, so he avoids talking with them and thus never becomes better at it. This is an example of what type of self-fulfilling prophecy?

A) other imposed
B) culture imposed
C) self-imposed
D) gender imposed

Question 30

Seven-year-old James's mother calls him her "little trouble-maker." Because she expects it of him, James misbehaves, which confirms his mother's assessment of him. This is referred to as a(n) ______ self-fulfilling prophecy.

A) other imposed
B) culture imposed
C) self-imposed
D) gender imposed

Question 31

______ refers the communication practices we use to influence how others perceive us.

A) Facework
B) Identity management
C) Presentation
D) Performance

Question 32

When you decide on a particular way to influence how others perceive you, you are ______.

A) managing your identity
B) employing a self-fulfilling prophecy
C) being self-aware
D) organizing your thoughts

Question 33

______ was one of the first people to discuss identity management.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) J.J. Ryan
C) Maddie Monroe
D) Erving Goffman

Question 34

Sociologist Erving Goffman saw people as ______.

A) audience members
B) strategists
C) performers
D) cultural products

Question 35

Identity management always involves ______.

A) culture
B) risk
C) awareness
D) mindfulness

Question 36

How you want others to perceive you is referred to as ______.

A) face
B) masking
C) self-esteem
D) self-concept

Question 37

______ is the set of coordinated behaviors that help us to either support or threaten our competence.

A) Risk
B) Face
C) Facework
D) Consequence

Question 38

______ pertains to how we wish to be liked by significant people in our lives.

A) Facework
B) Positive face
C) Negative face
D) Face

Question 39

Our desire to have others refrain from imposing their will on us is referred to as ______.

A) facework
B) facetime
C) positive face
D) negative face

Question 40

When you think about and control your behavior you are ______.

A) checking
B) self-monitoring
C) curbing
D) being mindful

Question 41

An electronic extension of who someone is is referred to as ______.

A) an identity marker
B) positive face
C) negative face
D) a webring

Question 42

______ suggests that we base our inferences about others on a few characteristics.

A) Symbolic Interactionism Theory
B) Social Information Processing Theory
C) An implicit personality approach
D) Impression management

Question 43

Patrick finds Angela attractive, so he infers she is also smart and funny. This illustrates ______.

A) an identity marker
B) self-monitoring
C) negative face
D) a positive halo

Question 44

______ happen(s) when you put like qualities together, inferring positive qualities based on a few positive qualities or negative qualities based on a few negative qualities.

A) Symbiotic perception
B) An implicit personality approach
C) The halo effect
D) Positive face

Question 45

It is said we are all ______ because we try to uncover reasons for other's actions.

A) amateur investigators
B) naïve psychologists
C) critical agents
D) private pollsters

Question 46

______ suggests that our online relationships demonstrate the same kind of intimacy as face-to-face relationships.

A) Symbolic Interactionism Theory
B) Identity management
C) An implicit personality approach
D) Social Information Processing Theory

Question 47

The unconscious or strategic effort to influence another's perception is ______.

A) impression management
B) identity management
C) other imposed
D) self-imposed

Question 48

In online environments, the ______ self consists of the attributes of an individual.

A) ideal
B) ought
C) actual
D) authentic

Question 49

______ consists of attributes an individual should possess in online environments.

A) The ideal self
B) Negative face
C) Positive face
D) The ought self

Question 50

What are the three selves that exist in online environments?

A) actual self, shadow self, revealed self
B) actual self, ideal self, ought self
C) ideal self, authentic self, expressed self
D) ideal self, hidden self, honest self

Question 51

When we try to rid ourselves of our predisposed biases, we ______ our perceptions.

A) check
B) navigate
C) organize
D) prioritize

Question 52

A personal frame for viewing life and life's events is referred as one's ______.

A) self-concept
B) worldview
C) inferences
D) actual self

Question 53

By its very nature, perception is a(n) ______ process.

A) stable
B) objective
C) incomplete
D) technical

Question 54

Which is good advice when we are seeking explanation and clarification of our perceptions?

A) Begin by asking the other person to explain his or her perception.
B) Ask for explanation or clarification if you don't understand the other person's viewpoint.
C) Present only facts when you express your viewpoint.
D) Tell the other person what you infer his or her perception to be.

Question 55

Statements based on observation are referred to as ______.

A) inferences
B) claims
C) testimony
D) facts

Question 56

______ are personal interpretations of facts.

A) Inferences
B) Questions
C) Ideals
D) Stereotypes

Question 57

Samantha is falling asleep in her chemistry lecture. Her professor assumes she is bored and probably stayed up late last night partying. In fact, Samantha is on new medication that makes her drowsy. This illustrates the importance of ______.

A) understanding your personal worldview
B) guarding against the "tech trap"
C) distinguishing facts from inferences
D) enhancing your self-actualization

Question 58

What is the danger of the "tech trap" as it applies to perception?

A) Technology is a medium for inferences rather than facts.
B) It has created an expectation of instant gratification.
C) We often substitute technology for personal contact.
D) It increases our tolerance for rudeness.

Question 59

It is not always ______ to have the desire or will to change your self-concept.

A) difficult
B) advisable
C) necessary
D) easy

Question 60

Those who support and trust you as you improve your self-concept are referred to as ______.

A) relational uppers
B) stressors
C) help mates
D) friends

Question 61

Another word for perception is impressions.

Question 62

As long as our five senses are in working order, we play no active role in perception.

Question 63

The key to mindfulness is being able to predict consequences.

Question 64

Culture dictates how we organize and interpret stimuli.

Question 65

Culture affects our perception as senders, but not as receivers.

Question 66

Direct contact during conversation is a cultural norm for most people in the United States.

Question 67

Undifferentiated is the term for a person whose sex cannot be determined at birth.

Question 68

Everything we believe about ourselves is part of our self-concept.

Question 69

We rely on specialized others to help develop self-awareness.

Question 70

Sociologist Erving Goffman saw our identity as a mask.

Question 71

Maintaining face is an interactive task.

Question 72

Our identities can be threatened if messages we receive do not support our positive or negative face.

Question 73

An identity marker is a physical expansion of the self, such as a name tag.

Question 74

When you create a halo, whether positive or negative, for an individual, you are likely to interact with that person in a way that supports that impression.

Question 75

Our attributions are the negative inferences we form when individuals engage in behavior we don't like or of which we don't approve.

Question 76

Becoming self-aware of our own habits and behaviors can help make our perceptions more accurate.

Question 77

Your worldview is different from everyone else's.

Question 78

Perceptions must be updated as variables in our lives change.

Question 79

It is important to set goals, even if there is no hope of meeting them.

Question 80

Surrounding yourself with relational uppers can help you to achieve self-actualization.