Deck 10: Gender, Militarism, War and Peace

Question 1

The military-as a cultural, political, and economic institution-shapes people's concepts of:

A) patriotism, honor, and duty
B) heroism and adventure
C) citizenship
D) all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Women in the US military have proved the stereotypes that they are:

A) not physically strong enough
B) too emotional
C) lacking of discipline or stamina
D) none of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Militarized masculinity is defined as a constructed ideal of manhood that involves:

A) physical strength and emotional detachment
B) the capacity for violence and killing
C) an appearance of invulnerability
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A deep, heterosexist assumption that is grounded in the notion of the hypermasculine, military man is:

A) his need of "comfort women" for his sexual gratification
B) his intolerance of homosexuality
C) both "a" and "b"
D) neither "a" nor "b"

Question 5

The process of militarization entails:

A) labor and resources allocated to military purposes
B) beliefs and values in ways necessary to legitimate the use of force
C) the organization of armies and the higher taxes to pay for them
D) none of the above

Question 6

Pulley argues against full military gender integration by opening up all formerly restricted occupations to women because full military gender integration would:

A) allow capable people to use physical strength tests as means of avoiding undesirable assignments
B) reinforce gender stereotypes of unqualified and/or incapable women
C) subject women to unequal danger and suffering
D) all of the above

Question 7

Pulley presents some statistical evidence that supports:

A) the majority of servicewomen's disinterest in formerly out-of-reach opportunities
B) a lack of women's enrollment in the Infantry Officer Course that prepares for combat arms jobs
C) both "a" and "b"
D) neither "a" nor "b"

Question 8

One of the contradictions of disaster militarism, as postulated by Fukushima et al, is:

A) providing necessary relief assistance while exhausting limited budgets
B) engendering trust in a military apparatus that previously caused suspicion and fear
C) giving hope while withholding necessary support
D) none of the above

Question 9

Fukushima et al imply that disaster militarism ought to be the primary reason for:

A) future militarism
B) present militarism
C) both "a" and "b"
D) neither "a" nor "b"

Question 10

Fukushima et al offer that an alternative approach to disaster militarism is human security realized in:

A) providing a physical environment that can support life
B) guaranteeing people's material needs for livelihood, food, and shelter
C) protecting people and the environment from avoidable harm
D) all of the above

Question 11

The effects of Syria's ongoing war on gender, migration, and self-imposed exile, according to Freedman et al, are exacerbated by countries':

A) requirements into their territory
B) restrictions on all border crossings
C) demands for papers
D) none of the above

Question 12

Another contributing factor to hindering answering the demands of the Syrian refugee and internally displaced persons (IDPs) crisis is:

A) the lack of accurate data on women who tend to be excluded from the flow of data-gathering and information-sharing
B) women's own reluctance to provide information on household violence that may negatively impact their men
C) under- or no reporting of violence for fear of stigma and marginalization
D) all of the above

Question 13

Early or forced marriage in Syrian refugee camps is upheld by:

A) families desirous of providing security for their daughters
B) daughters being convinced of complying with the cultural code to protect and upkeep the family's honor
C) both "a" and "b"
D) neither "a" nor "b"

Question 14

Freedman et al imply that certain forms of violence against women as "cultural" practices can be:

A) questioned within the context of the individual, human right to a safe, healthy life
B) challenged as secondary to a woman's basic right to autonomy
C) both "a" and "b"
D) neither "a" nor "b"

Question 15

Mama and Okazawa-Rey's postcolonial emphasis iterates the intertwining of _____ that engendered social instability and internecine warfares in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Liberia.

A) militarism and capitalism
B) militarism and patriarchy
C) capitalism and patriarchy
D) militarism and tyranny

Question 16

Mama and Okazawa-Rey identify the three main economic modes of war economies as:

A) coping, combat, and criminal
B) crisis, refugee, dislocation
C) the pursuit of farming, trading food, and service provisioning
D) opportunistic, profit-seeking, and deregulation

Question 17

Mama and Okazawa-Rey describe Sierra Leonese market women who skillfully strategized by _____ to survive.

A) smuggling goods across the Guinea-Sierra Leone border
B) collaborating with and bribing border police and customs officials
C) trading with various armed forces
D) all of the above

Question 18

Mama and Okazawa-Rey quote Mohanty who states that the future can be constructed based upon "connectivity and solidarity" requiring:

A) ethical solidarity
B) cross-border, feminist solidarity
C) both "a" and "b"
D) neither "a" nor "b"

Question 19

Howe's urgent call for peace is realized in the call for:

A) women who are "woke"
B) mothers who teach her sons gentleness and compassion
C) both "a" and "b"
D) neither "a" nor "b"

Question 20

Howe's militant cry is for:

A) worldwide disarmament
B) an international peace council comprising women
C) both "a" and "b"
D) neither "a" nor "b"

Question 21

What are some concrete ways in which women and men who think like women can organize to transform societies into sustainable ones that do not rely upon military force?

Question 22

What is your own position on the debate regarding women's participation in all combat occupations? Give evidence to support your position.

Question 23

Is the position of Fukushima et al that the US military's record as "the worst polluter on the planet" justifiable? Give evidence to support your response.

Question 24

Freedman et al are inclusive of the discrimination against men traveling alone as threatening to national security and not a priority for security housing. These writers identify this discriminatory mindset as grounded in "securitization" of the border. In the US, what language has been used to stereotype refugees from the Global South and Global Middle East to deny them entrance?

Question 25

Mama and Okazawa-Rey conclude with the perspective on "genuine security as being based on a respect for human life as a foundational principle of politics and economics," not a cycle of war-and-peace that is based upon an engineered crisis that results in profit for a few at the expense of the loss of innumerable lives and a ravaged land. Are human beings too fixated on militarism? Would all of the violence related to militarism decrease should the emphasis be shifted to something that is of a more intrinsic value? Discuss what the intrinsic value can be with a group of friends and write a short response paper based upon the group's idea/s.