Deck 12: Women and the Law by Mary K Stohr

Question 1

Feminism is both a _______________ and a _______________.

A) rule
B) social movement
C) world view
D) both b and c

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What term is used to describe any social system that is male dominated at all levels, from the family to the highest reaches of government, and supported by the belief of overall male superiority?

A) injustice
B) inequality
C) anti-feminism
D) patriarchy

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Feminists believe that law is a(n) _____________ of patriarchal society and that it has been used to devalue and disenfranchise women.

A) abomination
B) mirror
C) reverse
D) component

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What type of feminists tend to be liberals who want to retain but reconfigure the current legal system so that it recognizes women as equals to males?

A) radical
B) sameness
C) difference
D) reformist

Question 5

Which feminist jurisprudence debate revolves around the issue of whether women should be treated equally with males due to the sameness of the sexes or treated differently based on relevant differences between sexes?

A) reformist/radical
B) radical/difference
C) sameness/difference
D) reformist/sameness

Question 6

Early ____________ society was somewhat ambivalent about the status of women.

A) Russian
B) American
C) Greek
D) Egyptian

Question 7

Misogyny is the _______________ of women.

A) hatred
B) devaluation
C) ridicule
D) all of the above

Question 8

Plato and Aristotle regarded women as:

A) naturally more intelligent than men
B) the appropriate leaders of armies in war
C) more adept in political matters than are men
D) inferior to men

Question 9

Which of the following influential thinkers thought the appropriate sphere for women was the home; for men, it was the world?

A) Cicero
B) Hobbes
C) Locke
D) Aristotle

Question 10

In which ancient Greek city, because of its emphasis on breeding, did women have more public lives, and property was communally owned?

A) Corinth
B) Delphi
C) Sparta
D) Athens

Question 11

Aristocratic women may wield a certain amount of power in _____________ societies because of their wealth and their positions as wives and mothers of powerful men.

A) republic
B) democratic
C) autocratic
D) monarchy

Question 12

Which prominent Roman politician wrote that women were to be excluded from the most important sacrifices and rites?

A) Cicero
B) Caligula
C) Augustus
D) Nero

Question 13

In the medieval European feudal system, church theology reinforced the belief that women were and should be subordinate to their husbands because this was their "_____________" state ordained by God.

A) spiritual
B) natural
C) physical
D) heavenly

Question 14

Which Biblical apostle declared that the function of women was to sexually gratify men?

A) Paul
B) Simon
C) Peter
D) James

Question 15

During which time period were women not to be involved in the world outside the home, not because they were evil but because the world was evil?

A) Renaissance
B) Tudor England
C) Elizabethan Period
D) Middle Ages

Question 16

During which time period were women expected to be silent, obedient, and chaste and not allowed to participate in public life?

A) Renaissance
B) Tudor England
C) Middle Ages
D) Elizabethan Period

Question 17

Which philosopher demanded equality for all men, but expressly denied it for women?

A) John Locke
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Aristotle

Question 18

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that the proper sphere for men was the:

A) public square
B) home
C) school
D) church

Question 19

Mary Wollstonecraft argued all of the following EXCEPT:

A) women's education and training had not been geared toward a role of citizenry and responsibility in the public sphere
B) women's physical appearance is emphasized to the detriment of their intelligence and strength
C) women are treated as equals though they do not know how to deal with this equality
D) women should be educated for their own development

Question 20

Which writer argued that women are the ones who will educate future generations?

A) John Stuart Mill
B) Betty Friedan
C) Mary Wollstonecraft
D) Gloria Steinem

Question 21

In the United States, voting rights were first extended to lower class white males under the _____________ reforms of the 1820s and 1830s, but not for women.

A) Johnsonian
B) Jeffersonian
C) Rooseveltian
D) Jacksonian

Question 22

Despite the Fourteenth Amendment's declaration, women appear to have not been included in the definition of "_____________" for the purposes of allowing them their rights.

A) person
B) state
C) man
D) society

Question 23

The conception of common law that formed the basis for the U.S. system of jurisprudence decreed that adult women were not allowed to be fully _____________ adults.

A) functioning
B) political
C) property owning
D) participatory

Question 24

Under the system of _____________ a married woman had no legal rights or obligations separate from those of her husband, and her whole existence was merged into that of her husband.

A) marriage
B) common law marriage
C) coverture
D) marriage servitude

Question 25

When writing "We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal," which writer of the Declaration of Independence really did mean men, and then only property-owning white men?

A) John Adams
B) Warren Harding
C) George Washington
D) Thomas Jefferson

Question 26

Which famous Black female orator of the time lamented that granting Black men the right to vote without giving the same right to Black women would lead to continued domestic oppression of women?

A) Sojourner Truth
B) Josephine Baker
C) Maya Angelou
D) Ida B. Wells

Question 27

Despite advances at the state level in the West, the rest of the country did not allow women the right to vote until ratification of which amendment?

A) Fourteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Nineteenth
D) Twenty-first

Question 28

Suzan B. Anthony was not punished for illegally voting in 1872 due to the concern that should she spend any time in jail, she could appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court using a writ of:

A) mandamus
B) habeas corpus
C) mancorpus
D) certiorari

Question 29

Before the 1904 meeting of the International Woman Suffrage Conference, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Anita Auspurg developed principles for conference attendees in their:

A) Declaration of Independence
B) Declaration of Principles
C) Declaration of Suffrage
D) Declaration of Rights

Question 30

The passage of which amendment was the first and only time that the U.S. Constitution explicitly recognized that there was another sex-women?

A) Eighteenth
B) Nineteenth
C) Twentieth
D) Twenty-First

Question 31

If a woman maintains her "place," marries, and is obedient, then she is a:

A) whore
B) Madonna
C) Jezebel
D) Delilah

Question 32

Women thought to be _______________ were subject to rape, persecution, and harassment.

A) Delilahs
B) whores
C) Jezebels
D) Madonnas

Question 33

Which militant humanist activist for women's suffrage in the nineteenth century was one of the first individuals to campaign for the separation of church and state?

A) Esther Morris
B) Charlotte Ray
C) Matilda Joslyn Gage
D) Arabella Mansfield

Question 34

Brownmiller (1975) documented that the _____________ of women and girls throughout history has been tied to their status as property.

A) slavery
B) death
C) marriage
D) rape

Question 35

Under which of the following early legal codes, codified on tablets, were slavery, private property and the subjugation of women facts of life?

A) Mosaic law
B) Ancient Babylonian
C) Code of Hammurabi
D) both a and b

Question 36

Under which ancient legal code might a raped married woman be drowned along with her attacker if her husband no longer wanted her?

A) Code of Hammurabi
B) Law of Moses
C) Twelve Tables
D) Tang Code

Question 37

The "rule of thumb" derives from:

A) Hebrew law
B) Babylonian law
C) English common law
D) the Code of Hammurabi

Question 38

A wife's subjugation to the authority of her husband approached that of everyone's subjugation to the sovereignty of the monarch in early English common law, as the existence of which crime?

A) treason
B) murder
C) marital rape exception
D) petite treason

Question 39

Wives across the globe have been punished severely for the crime of _____________, but men generally have not.

A) rape
B) murder
C) adultery
D) domestic violence

Question 40

Which laws state that a woman accusing a man of rape must produce four Muslim male witnesses as evidence or potentially face charges of false accusation, for which she may receive 80 lashes?

A) Islamic
B) civil law
C) socialist law
D) common law

Question 41

Unlike other immutable characteristics, _______________ has not been considered a suspect classification.

A) national origin
B) race
C) gender
D) religion

Question 42

In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court defined sex/gender as a _______________ classification.

A) non-suspect
B) suspect
C) quasi-suspect
D) strict scrutiny

Question 43

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court reverse the ruling of the Idaho Supreme regarding an Idaho statute declaring that if a minor died intestate, then a male parent executor is preferred over a female parent executor if both claimed to be equally entitled to act as such?

A) Hishon v. King and Spalding
B) State v. Rhodes
C) Reed v. Reed
D) Minor v. Happersett

Question 44

Many changes for women did not occur until the 1970s when the feminist movement, following on the heels of the _______________, experienced a resurgence.

A) women's rights movement
B) U.S. Supreme Court
C) federal government
D) civil rights movement

Question 45

Which U.S. Supreme Court justice was instrumental in litigating landmark women's rights cases when she served as the head of the American Civil Liberty Union's Women's Rights Project in the 1970s and early 1980s?

A) Ruth Bader Ginsburg
B) Elana Kagan
C) Sonya Sotomayor
D) Sandra Day O'Conner

Question 46

It was not until which year, that the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was passed by Congress and finally sent to the states for ratification?

A) 1952
B) 1962
C) 1972
D) 1982

Question 47

Of the various types of domestic violence, most of it is _______________ violence.

A) stranger
B) parent-child
C) sibling
D) intimate partner

Question 48

In response to calls to "do something" about domestic violence, which act was passed as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994?

A) Violent Crime Act
B) Violence Against Women Act
C) Violence Against Partners Act
D) Violent Partners Act

Question 49

A series of experiments conducted in 1982 showed that _______________ resulted in a significant reduction in repeat calls compared to other methods of dealing with domestic violence.

A) cooling-off periods
B) discretionary arrest
C) discretionary prosecution
D) mandatory arrest

Question 50

Obstacles to admittance and practice in the legal profession were based on a long tradition of excluding women from it, even though some women in colonial America performed _____________ work.

A) legal
B) quasi-legal
C) intermediary
D) professional

Question 51

It was believed that the practice of law required:

A) rationality
B) an objective demeanor
C) an unemotional demeanor
D) all of the above

Question 52

In regard to their early exclusion from legal practice, women were viewed as lacking in the requisite _______________ and as overly subjective and emotional.

A) legal capacity
B) rational education
C) educational capacity
D) logical capacity

Question 53

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court uphold the right of the state of Illinois to deny a woman her admission to legal practice?

A) Duren v. Missouri
B) Bradwell v. Illinois
C) Minor v. Happersett
D) Frontiero v. Richardson

Question 54

Which of the following women holds the distinction of being the first female lawyer in the United States?

A) Esther Morris
B) Matilda Joslyn Gage
C) Arabella Mansfield
D) Charlotte Ray

Question 55

Which of the following women was the first Black woman to graduate law school and be admitted to the bar in 1872?

A) Charlotte Ray
B) Esther Morris
C) Matilda Joslyn Gage
D) Arabella Mansfield

Question 56

In which year were women admitted to the bar in all states?

A) 1918
B) 1920
C) 1928
D) 1950

Question 57

By which decade were women finally being admitted to law schools and to the practice of law in larger numbers?

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 58

Which amendment to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbade discrimination in employment based on sex unless there was a bona fide occupational qualification?

A) Title V
B) Title VII
C) Title IX
D) Title XI

Question 59

According to the text, the law is _______________ (male centered), so efforts to decide issues affecting females as victims of males are likely to be stymied by the male view of what women are or should be.

A) androcentric
B) andronichal
C) patronichal
D) patrocentric

Question 60

Feminism is a set of theories and strategies for social change that takes gender as its central focus in attempting to understand social institutions, processes, and relationships.

Question 61

Gender inequality literally means "rule of the father".

Question 62

Feminist jurisprudence is split by two major debates: the reformist/radical and the sameness/difference debates.

Question 63

Homer's tales of approximately 800 BCE featured traditional roles for women as domestic servants, baby-makers, and sexual booty in times of war.

Question 64

Augustus, a prominent Roman politician, wrote that the proper place for the woman was at home as the subordinated wife of her husband.

Question 65

Under the early Bronze system, women were allowed to own and dispose of property only if no male relative was in the picture.

Question 66

The sixteenth-century Reformation and the emergence of Protestantism reinforced domestic patriarchy.

Question 67

Rousseau believed the appropriate sphere for women was the private home.

Question 68

Betty Friedan argued that we cannot know what the natural abilities of women to reason are until they are taught the same things as men.

Question 69

Women began to accrue legal rights throughout the seventeenth century in the same way other undervalued persons did.

Question 70

Under the marriage servitude system a married couple become one person, and that was, of course, the man.

Question 71

Sojourner Truth, a famous Black female orator of the time, lamented that granting Black men the right to vote without giving the same right to Black women would lead to continued domestic oppression of women.

Question 72

Minor v. Happersett was the first case relating to women's voting rights to make its way to the U.S. Supreme Court, in which a woman claimed her rights were violated by the defendant who refused to register her as a voter in Missouri.

Question 73

The major achievement of the 1904 International Woman Suffrage Conference was the establishment of the World Suffrage Alliance.

Question 74

If a woman does not marry or is widowed, divorced, or abandoned, then she is likely to be regarded as a whore.

Question 75

Laws against rape and the beating of women and girls historically have been more focused on the consent rights of male owners than on the suffering of the female victims.

Question 76

Early American common law recognized the "rule of thumb," which stated that a man had a right to beat his wife as long as the stick he used was no bigger in circumference than his thumb.

Question 77

Under Islamic law, a woman who was raped may also face charges of adultery, for which she may be stoned to death if she is married.

Question 78

Like the immutable characteristic of race, gender has also been considered a suspect classification.

Question 79

In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court defined sex/gender as a quasi-suspect classification.

Question 80

In Nguyen v. INS, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS) practice of making it easier for foreign-born children of female U.S. citizens to acquire American citizenship than for foreign-born children of male U.S. citizens.