Deck 10: Urban Geography: A World of Cities

Question 1

Assume that the 2 million years that humankind has spent on Earth is a 24-hour day. At approximately what time did settlements of more than a few hundred people come into being?

A) 9:00
B) 1:00 P.M.
C) 6:30 P.M.
D) 11:30 P.M.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Assume that the 2 million years that humankind has spent on Earth is a 24-hour day. At approximately what time did towns and cities come into being?

A) 9:00
B) 1:00 P.M.
C) 11:30 P.M.
D) 11:57 P.M.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Earth's population today is predominantly:

A) Rural
B) Suburban
C) Urban
D) found in the Southern Hemisphere

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In which region do less than 40 percent of the people live in the urban regions of several countries?

A) Africa
B) North America
C) Latin America
D) Europe

Question 5

-The map shows "urban percentage of population," which shows all of the following EXCEPT:

A) lowest levels of urbanization being in Asia and Africa
B) urban and rural countries
C) varying rates of urbanization
D) the majority of the world's population living in rural regions

Question 6

-According to the map, which African country has the mostly highly urbanized population?

A) Uganda
B) South Africa
C) Gabon
D) Madagascar

Question 7

-Which region on the map is the LEAST urbanized?

A) North America
B) Europe
C) South America
D) East Asia

Question 8

-The U.S. Census Bureau defines a city as a densely populated area with a minimum of _____ inhabitants.

A) 1000
B) 2500
C) 50,000
D) 100,000

Question 9

-In South Africa, any settlement with a minimum of _____ people is considered a city.

A) 500
B) 5000
C) 50,000
D) 500,000

Question 10

Which statement is NOT correct concerning world urbanization and culture regions?

A) Regional comparisons are facilitated by readily available and comparable data.
B) Highly industrialized countries are more urbanized.
C) Less-developed countries are experiencing an urban explosion.
D) In the developing world, cities are affected by rural-to-urban migration.

Question 11

Newly urbanizing cities tend to undergo the demographic transition when:

A) multinational corporations set up headquarters in them
B) the flow of migrants from the hinterland increases by a minimum of 35 percent
C) women enter the workforce
D) foreign aid to the city decreases

Question 12

Which of these generalizations about current urbanization is correct?

A) Highly industrialized countries have lower rates of urbanization than do less-developed countries.
B) Population growth in the next 30 years will continue to be greatest in the cities of more-developed countries.
C) Urban growth in less-developed countries is driven by rural-to-urban migration and higher-than-average fertility rates of recent migrants.
D) Urbanization around the world is driven by the growth of manufacturing in suburban areas.

Question 13

Which statement is true of urbanization?

A) Highly industrialized countries have lower rates of urbanization than less-developed countries.
B) Developing countries are rapidly urbanizing.
C) With prosperity and development comes the tendency for people to leave the city and move to the country.
D) In developing nations, the ratio of urban to rural population is decreasing dramatically.

Question 14

In which region did the first cities appear?

A) Europe
B) Africa
C) the Middle East
D) South America

Question 15

In the earliest days of cities, what was the key distinction between city dwellers and rural dwellers?

A) City dwellers had lower birth and death rates.
B) All rural people were involved in agricultural production, but not all city people were.
C) Rural dwellers had better protection from the elements than did city dwellers.
D) City dwellers had better access to fresh water than did rural dwellers.

Question 16

Which is a necessary condition for the rise of cities?

A) socioeconomic stratification
B) lack of adequate food
C) burial of the dead
D) sewage systems

Question 17

The hydraulic civilization model is applicable to all of the following areas EXCEPT:

A) China
B) Egypt
C) Mesoamerica
D) Mesopotamia

Question 18

Wittfogel's hydraulic civilization model fits the development of urban civilizations in all of the following regions EXCEPT:

A) China
B) Egypt
C) Mesopotamia
D) the Ottoman Empire

Question 19

The hydraulic civilization model asserts that the development of _____ was the key reason for the rise of cities.

A) windmills
B) paper
C) irrigation systems
D) sanitary facilities

Question 20

Two prerequisites for the support of nonfarmers in a city environment are:

A) a food surplus and a powerful army
B) a powerful army and a god-king
C) a god-king and control of a water supply
D) social stratification and a food surplus

Question 21

The hydraulic civilization model of urban development suggests that _____ were the first urban dwellers.

A) technical specialists
B) ex-agriculturalists
C) an intellectual elite
D) a religious elite

Question 22

The earliest cities arose along all of the following major rivers EXCEPT the:

A) Indus
B) Yellow (Huang Ho)
C) Nile
D) Volga

Question 23

When agricultural villages first arose 10,000 years ago, they were primarily organized by:

A) language
B) religion
C) crop type
D) kinship

Question 24

Which was NOT an urban hearth area?

A) coastal Peru
B) central North America
C) Mesopotamia
D) the Indus River valley

Question 25

In China, cities first appeared in the:

A) northwest
B) valley of the Yellow River
C) valley of the Indus
D) mountains of the southwest

Question 26

Which of the following is considered by some archeologists the oldest real city, dating 9000

A) Giza
B) Çatalhöyük
C) Samara
D) Jericho

Question 27

The oldest urban hearth area is:

A) Mesoamerica
B) the Nile Valley
C) Huang Ho
D) Mesopotamia

Question 28

Which is NOT an attribute of a cosmomagical city?

A) The city center is considered the center of the known world and therefore sacred.
B) It is oriented toward the four cardinal directions of north, south, east, and west.
C) It is ruled by a priestly class with full power to wage war.
D) It is shaped to resemble the universe.

Question 29

Located at the center of a cosmomagical city is the:

A) royal palace
B) observatory
C) water source
D) axis mundi

Question 30

Which is NOT an example of a type of axis mundi?

A) ziggurat
B) pyramid
C) temple
D) waterfall

Question 31

Why were cosmomagical cities oriented in the four cardinal directions?

A) to express the dominance of the city
B) the alignment would ensure harmony with the universe
C) maintain harmony between human and spiritual worlds
D) to replicate the world of the gods

Question 32

In ancient cities, the axis mundi was symbolized by an elevated structure. Which combination is NOT correct?

A) Mesopotamia/ziggurat
B) Mesoamerica/pyramid
C) China/temple-palace
D) Japan/Confucian shrine

Question 33

-According to the map, the world's first cities rose on all of the following continents EXCEPT:

A) South America
B) Australia
C) Africa
D) Asia

Question 34

-The map shows that the Nile Valley hearth is located in modern-day _____, while the Huang Ho hearth is located in modern-day _____.

A) Libya; Japan
B) Tunisia; Iraq
C) Mexico; Peru
D) Egypt; China

Question 35

The Angkor Thom is an example of:

A) early suburbanization
B) cosmomagical cities
C) edge cities
D) elitist landscapes

Question 36

The diffusion of cities and an urban mode of living were greatly advanced by:

A) the diffusion of Christianity
B) the clearing of land for large-scale farming
C) imperial expansion
D) the invention of the locomotive

Question 37

Western civilization and Western cities both trace their roots back to ancient:

A) Rome
B) Greece
C) China
D) Turkey

Question 38

Which factor did the ancient Romans keep uppermost in their minds when choosing city sites?

A) Water
B) Transportation
C) Defense
D) language spoken by natives

Question 39

The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán is today known as:

A) Managua
B) Mexico City
C) Juarez
D) San Diego

Question 40

Tenochtitlán was the _____ capital.

A) Cherokee
B) Mayan
C) Aztec
D) Incan

Question 41

The connection between agricultural innovations and the rise of cities is referred to as:

A) the urban revolution
B) the green revolution
C) the industrial revolution
D) the second urban revolution

Question 42

The second urban revolution came about primarily as a result of:

A) the transfer of private lands into public hands
B) increased colonial efforts
C) political revolution in Europe
D) innovations in mining and manufacturing

Question 43

In the developing capitalist city, which type of urban land would be considered to have the lowest value?

A) land in the city center
B) land along a major thoroughfare
C) land close to a river or harbor
D) land in the countryside

Question 44

Gender roles that assign men to the public space and women to private/home space came about during which period?

A) Ancient
B) medieval
C) Renaissance
D) capitalist

Question 45

What is at the center of the capitalist city?

A) town hall
B) cathedral
C) central park
D) buildings dedicated to business

Question 46

-The geographer who developed central-place theory, as depicted in the figure, was:

A) Christaller
B) von Thünen
C) Meinig
D) Olds

Question 47

-Which conclusion is NOT justified by the model shown here?

A) The primary geometric pattern of central-place theory is the hexagon.
B) The primary, or largest, city within the region drives the location of secondary and smaller cities.
C) Transportation routes between second-order places often travel through the largest regional metropolis.
D) Third- and fourth-order places are found farther out from the regional metropolis than second-order places.

Question 48

Central-place theory attempts to understand:

A) the placement of the axis-mundi
B) the organization of cosmological cities
C) how city centers are used
D) why cities are located where they are

Question 49

According to central-place theory, which shape BEST predicts the location of cities?

A) Circle
B) Square
C) triangle
D) hexagon

Question 50

The average person will travel 10 miles to buy a new pair of shoes. According to Christaller, 10 miles would be considered the:

A) threshold
B) Range
C) central place
D) maximin statistic

Question 51

The range of a good is the:

A) number of people required to make its provision economically feasible
B) average profit margin required to make production economically feasible
C) average maximum distance people are willing to travel to purchase it
D) average minimum distance people are willing to travel to purchase it

Question 52

Which would have the greatest threshold?

A) gas station
B) law office
C) chiropractic office
D) university

Question 53

Which of the following did Walter Christaller believe people would travel great distances for?

A) purchase household goods
B) visit a cardiologist
C) go to the grocery store
D) car repair

Question 54

The California city that took over San Francisco's position as the leading port city of the region is:

A) San Bruno
B) Milpitas
C) Millbrae
D) Oakland

Question 55

What accounts for most of the recent growth in urban population?

A) rural-to-urban migration
B) natural population increase
C) reverse migration
D) channelization

Question 56

Which factor accounts for most of the historic growth of cities?

A) rural-to-urban migration
B) natural population increase
C) reverse migration
D) urban-to-urban migration

Question 57

Future urban growth in Africa and Asia will likely come from:

A) rural-to-urban migration
B) natural population increase
C) reverse migration
D) channelization

Question 58

The growth of cities is fueled by all of the following phenomena EXCEPT:

A) rural-to-urban migration
B) natural population increase
C) reverse migration
D) urban-to-urban migration

Question 59

In which country did the Cultural Revolution force people out of cities and into the countryside?

A) England
B) India
C) the United States
D) China

Question 60

The Carioca landscapes are located in:

A) Uruguay
B) Brazil
C) Argentina
D) Peru

Question 61

In 1960 the capital of Brazil was relocated from _____ to _____.

A) Rio de Janeiro; Brasília
B) Brasilia; Rio de Janeiro
C) São Paulo; Fortaleza
D) Belo Horizonte; Porto Alegre

Question 62

Why did the Brazilian government relocate its capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia in 1960?

A) to provide a more welcoming home for foreign laborers
B) to move the seat of government to the border with Bolivia
C) to increase its military power
D) to move the population away from the southeastern coast

Question 63

Which is NOT an element of Carioca culture?

A) cultural homogeneity
B) cosmopolitanism
C) outdoor living
D) streets and parks

Question 64

Which city is home to the world's largest urban forest?

A) New York
B) Rio de Janeiro
C) Paris
D) Moscow

Question 65

Which is NOT a common problem in the urban centers of the developing world?

A) Unemployment rates are very high.
B) Migrants from rural areas are not reproducing at a rate that will be able to sustain the population.
C) Housing and infrastructure cannot be built fast enough to keep up with population increase.
D) Sewage systems are insufficient to handle the burgeoning population.

Question 66

Which is NOT a problem faced by migrants to cities in developing nations?

A) Unemployment rates are often high.
B) Local governments strictly enforce one-child fertility policies.
C) Affordable housing is rare or nonexistent.
D) Water and sewage systems cannot handle the influx of migrants.

Question 67

A city such as London that dominates the economic, political, and cultural life of its country is categorized as this type of city:

A) Leading
B) Capital
C) primate
D) Prime

Question 68

According to the text, which is NOT an example of a primate city?

A) London
B) Paris
C) Munich
D) Buenos Aires

Question 69

Which is NOT a "legacy city"?

A) Las Vegas
B) New York
C) Chicago
D) San Francisco

Question 70

Which is NOT an "aspirational city"?

A) Chicago
B) Phoenix
C) Houston
D) Raleigh

Question 71

Which is NOT considered an automobile city?

A) Miami
B) Atlanta
C) New York
D) Phoenix

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a global city?:

A) Chicago
B) Hong Kong
C) Moscow
D) Seattle

Question 73

According to Sassen, the world's three global cities were:

A) London, Paris, and Munich
B) New York, Los Angeles, and Beijing
C) Chicago, Geneva, and Moscow
D) Tokyo, London, and New York

Question 74

Contemporary definitions of a "global city" focus on all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A) economic might
B) political power
C) population
D) information exchange

Question 75

The highest concentration of high-net-worth individuals in the world can be found in:

A) London
B) Hong Kong
C) Paris
D) New York

Question 76

Which is an indicator that the urban wealthy have in some ways "opted out" of the global city?

A) a lack of public parks
B) the rise of gated communities
C) the tendency of the wealthy to flee to rural locations
D) the shrinking number of wealthy people in global cities

Question 77

All of the following are synonyms for squatter settlements EXCEPT:

A) favela
B) shantytown
C) barriada
D) ghetto

Question 78

All of the following are part of the UN definition of a slum household EXCEPT:

A) lack of an adequate physical structure to protect people from extreme climatic conditions
B) location on the outskirts of a major city
C) insufficient access to water
D) lack of access to sanitation

Question 79

Which is NOT true of shantytowns?

A) They are also called favelas or squatter settlements.
B) They often begin as collections of crude shacks constructed from scrap materials.
C) They receive government subsidies for the provision of sanitation systems.
D) Electricity is often bootlegged into shantytowns.

Question 80

Which is NOT true of cities in comparison to suburbs?

A) Cities are hotter.
B) Cities receive more rainfall.
C) Cities have lower pollution.
D) Cities have more fog and cloudiness.