Deck 5: Immigrants, Refugees

Question 1

When people say that the United States is a nation of immigrants, what are they referring to?

A) The US Census documented many immigrants between 1850 and 1950 and then those numbers dropped off, thus our ancestors are immigrants.
B) The US Census has documented a steadily growing number of immigrants since the 1850 census, thus we have more and more immigrants with each passing decade.
C) The US Census has documented the entry of immigrants into the US with lower (4.4%) and higher (12.9%) rates depending on the decade. The US has had a steady influx of immigrants throughout its history.
D) The US Census did have very many immigrants between 1850 and 1980 and then suddenly numbers skyrocketed. Many of our current citizens are immigrants.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is true about the composition of immigrants in the US

A) The countries of origin of immigrants have been pretty consistent over time.
B) The countries of origin of immigrants varied greatly over time.
C) The majority of immigrants are Whites from Europe.
D) The majority of immigrants are people of color from Latin America.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Attitudes about immigration vary across groups. In a recent survey, Hugo Lopez and colleagues (2015) found that the following groups have more favorable attitudes about immigration:

A) Men, younger people, Latinxs, people with higher levels of education, and democrats
B) Women, younger people, Latinxs, people with higher levels of education, and democrats
C) Men, younger people, Blacks, people with higher levels of education, and republicans
D) Women, younger people, Latinxs, people with higher levels of education, and republicans

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In her narrative "Brenda" writes about DACA and says she's not "the dreamer" or the "good immigrant". What is she noting is an issue for her?

A) She is noting that she knew she was undocumented every bit as much as her parents did and she did not come forward, so she too broke the law.
B) She is noting that her parents came to the US with the Bracero program so they were not technically undocumented. The law changed and that's how their status changed.
C) She is pointing out that she is not in agreement with DACA and thus she does not want to be referred to as a dreamer.
D) She is responding to the notion that her parents might be considered "bad" immigrants. She noted that thanks to them that she can be considered a "good immigrant" and have legal protections.

Question 5

___________ usually considered their move before they made the decision, and the move may be based on their desire to "do better" for their families.

A) Immigrants
B) Refugees
C) Residents
D) Expatriates

Question 6

"I did not want to leave my family and I could not even say goodbye to them. I was forced to leave and all I got were only my ragged clothes." This person is most likely to be a/an ______________.

A) immigrant
B) refugee
C) homeless person
D) resident

Question 7

__________ leave their home countries because of perceived or actual violence.

A) People
B) Refugees
C) Martyrs
D) Liars

Question 8

One of the main differences between immigrants and refugees is that refugees

A) do not want to leave home.
B) have the opportunity to plan their exit.
C) are usually employed in their own country.
D) have more social support networks.

Question 9

Lin-Manuel wanted to become a doctor, so he moved to the United States to attend medical school. Lin-Manuel would be described as a(n):

A) refugee.
B) segregationist.
C) asylum seeker.
D) immigrant.

Question 10

The "refugee career" discussed by Berry (1988, 1991) is in this order:

A) predeparture $\rightarrow$ first asylum $\rightarrow$ claimant $\rightarrow$ flight $\rightarrow$ settlement $\rightarrow$ adaptation
B) first asylum $\rightarrow$ flight $\rightarrow$ predeparture $\rightarrow$ adaptation $\rightarrow$ settlement $\rightarrow$ claimant
C) predeparture $\rightarrow$ light $\rightarrow$ first asylum $\rightarrow$ claimant $\rightarrow$ settlement $\rightarrow$ adaptation
D) settlement $\rightarrow$ first asylum $\rightarrow$ flight $\rightarrow$ predeparture $\rightarrow$ adaptation $\rightarrow$ claimant

Question 11

__________ refers to the period of transit away from the home country when refugees do not know where they are going.

A) Predeparture
B) Flight
C) Claimant
D) Settlement

Question 12

According to Berry (1988, 1991), ____________ refers to the first place the refugees settle where they feel safe.

A) first asylum
B) claimant
C) predeparture
D) flight

Question 13

According to Berry (1988, 1991), claimant refers to

A) a country that grants asylum.
B) the first place refugees settle where they feel safe.
C) a formal acceptance by a country in which the refugees can settle.
D) the period of transit away from the home country.

Question 14

In Channock's story about his family's journey from Vietnam, they first stayed in a refugee camp in Thailand, then with a church family in Louisville, Kentucky, and finally traveled to California. According to Berry's (1988, 1991) stages of refugee careers, the refugee camp in Thailand represents

A) flight.
B) first asylum.
C) claimant.
D) settlement.

Question 15

One of the most common mental disorders suffered by refugees is

A) schizophrenia.
B) panic disorder.
C) major depression.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 16

The feelings of anxiety and tension caused by the inability to adapt in a new country are known as

A) acculturative stress.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) immigrant anxiety.
D) acculturation.

Question 17

According to Ryan et al. (2008), the overwhelming majority of research about refugees has been about

A) culture learning.
B) ethnic identity.
C) economic integration.
D) mental health issues.

Question 18

Which piece of legislation allowed tens of thousands of people to immigrate to the United States from Europe but limited the number of immigrants from Asian countries to 100?

A) SB 1070 in Arizona
B) The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
C) The Immigration Act of 1924
D) Proposition 209 in California

Question 19

All of the following are common experiences of both immigrants and refugees except

A) language barriers.
B) support networks.
C) new family roles.
D) escaping from violence.

Question 20

When she moved from Mexico to the United States at 11 years old, one of the hardest things for Dora was not being able to communicate with others. Dora's story illustrates the _________ faced by people who come from other countries.

A) changing family hierarchies
B) new family roles
C) language barriers
D) support networks

Question 21

Ivana spoke about the loss of her sense of humor when she came to the United States because of the difficulty translating her quips and funny comments from Russian into English. Ivana's story illustrates the _________________ faced by people who come from other countries.

A) social networks
B) language barriers
C) economic problems
D) employment problems

Question 22

_________ who migrate have a harder time with the language barrier.

A) Children
B) Adolescents
C) Working-age adults
D) Older persons

Question 23

Acculturative stress is

A) the feeling of tension and anxiety caused by the inability of immigrants to adapt in a new country.
B) the feeling of stimulation immigrants feel when they experience rapid adaptation to a new country.
C) the feeling of tension and anxiety that host culture members feel when a critical mass of immigrants comes into their community.
D) the overwhelming feeling immigrants and host culture members experience when they meet each other for the first time.

Question 24

Faviola told the story of how her parents migrated to the United States from Mexico when her mother was pregnant with her. She told how her parents received help from an uncle, a cousin, and a social worker in order to survive. Faviola's story illustrates the role of _____________ for people who immigrate from other countries.

A) language barriers
B) family hierarchy
C) family roles
D) social support networks

Question 25

Lack of _____________ becomes one of the most important factors in the acculturation process, but can also be one of the greatest sources of stress for immigrants and refugees.

A) finances
B) employment
C) education
D) support networks

Question 26

According to Hong and Ham, for many immigrants, the lack of a support network leads to

A) social isolation and stress.
B) joy and excitement.
C) anger and homicide.
D) frustration and humor.

Question 27

According to Hong and Ham (2001), for many immigrants, the lack of a support network leads to

A) less resistance to the use of mental health services.
B) decrease in an ability to adapt to the new cultural norms.
C) learned helplessness.
D) social isolation and stress, particularly when they encounter difficult situations.

Question 28

Hovey (2000) states that among immigrants and refugees, _____________ quality of social support may be a more accurate predictor of psychological distress than is the quantity of social support.

A) perceived
B) observed
C) measured
D) experienced

Question 29

After migrating to the United States, wives often begin to demand equality after they gain employment, and daughters demand the same treatment as sons after learning about feminism and equal rights. These examples reflect the struggles with _____________ faced by many immigrants and refugees.

A) language barriers
B) support networks
C) family hierarchy
D) finances

Question 30

After his family migrated to the United States from Mexico, Pablo/Paul's mother became the primary breadwinner in the family because his father had trouble holding down a regular job. This part of Pablo/Paul's story illustrates

A) the changing roles of women in Latino culture.
B) the changes in family structure and hierarchies that often take place after immigration.
C) the unique experiences of refugee families.
D) the levels of acculturation.

Question 31

In most migrating families, ___________ are seen as the "root of the oak."

A) children
B) grandparents
C) parents
D) babies

Question 32

Wives entering the workforce, fathers assisting with childcare, and children becoming translators for parents are all examples of changes in ___________ that occur for refugees and immigrants.

A) employment
B) support networks
C) language
D) family roles

Question 33

Which group may suffer more from downward mobility due to limitations in employment opportunities when moving to a new country?

A) Immigrants
B) Refugees
C) Both immigrants and refugees suffer equally from downward mobility due to employment limitations.
D) None of the above, because neither immigrants nor refugees suffer any employment limitations.

Question 34

Immigrants are ____ educated than in generations past and hold ____ bachelor's degrees and ____ advanced degrees than US-born individuals.

A) less, fewer, fewer
B) more, the same, more
C) more, more, fewer
D) equally, the same, fewer

Question 35

When comparing immigrant origins, what group has higher academic achievement than Latinx immigrants?

A) Asian and European
B) African and European
C) Asian and African
D) European and Asian

Question 36

____________ refers to the experiences and changes that groups and individuals undergo when they come into contact with a different culture.

A) Assimilation
B) Adaptation
C) Acculturation
D) Accommodation

Question 37

Acculturation is a process that is evident in:

A) only persons who are immigrants
B) immigrants and host culture members
C) only in interpersonal exchanges
D) only persons in the host culture

Question 38

According to different researchers, acculturation refers to

A) the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality.
B) the experiences and changes that groups and individuals undergo when they come into contact with a different culture.
C) the act of adjusting something to match a standard.
D) an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another.

Question 39

Models of acculturation reflect __________ rather than __________.

A) outcomes; processes
B) processes; outcomes
C) stress; accommodation
D) accommodation; stress

Question 40

According to Berry's classic work, ___________ is often the most powerful predictor of difficulties with acculturation (i.e., poor psychological and sociocultural adaption).

A) discrimination
B) role conflict
C) lack of a social support network
D) lack of employment

Question 41

The other side of the acculturation coin is called ________. This concept refers to the process by which individuals retain or deepen their learning of their own cultural norms.

A) Transculturation
B) Reverse acculturation
C) Deculturation
D) Enculturation

Question 42

__________ is the feelings of tension and anxiety caused by the inability to "successfully" adapt in the new country.

A) Stressful stress
B) Acculturative stress
C) Environmental stress
D) Homesick stress

Question 43

Acculturative stress is stress due to the

A) inability to "successfully" maintain values from one's culture.
B) inability to "successfully" adapt in the new country.
C) instability of the way of life in the new culture.
D) instability of acceptance from people in the new culture.

Question 44

The individuals who are able to hold on to their own values, beliefs, and culture while learning and adapting to their host culture are called _______________,

A) assimilationists
B) marginalists
C) separationists
D) integrationists or biculturals

Question 45

Who is considered to be the "father" of psychological research on acculturation?

A) LaFromboise
B) Sanjay
C) Berry
D) Brislin

Question 46

Sanjay believes it is best for children from immigrant families to have a balance of both cultures, but his cousins consider themselves to be American and nothing else. According to Berry's (1990, 1997) model, Sanjay's attitudes represent the ____________ approach to acculturation.

A) integrationist or bicultural
B) assimilationist
C) separationist
D) marginalist

Question 47

A(n) ___________ identifies with their country of origin and rejects all the host culture's values and beliefs.

A) assimilationist
B) separationist
C) marginalist
D) integrationist or bicultural

Question 48

Although Joe grew up in a predominantly Asian neighborhood, he did not feel as though he fit into Asian culture, nor did he like White people very much. Joe ended up joining an Asian gang, committing violent crimes, and dropping out of school. Joe is an example of a(n)

A) assimilationist
B) separationist
C) marginalist
D) integrationist or bicultural

Question 49

According to David, Okazaki, and Saw (2009), which group seems to be the most likely to succeed, the most well balanced, and the happiest?

A) Assimilationists
B) Separationists
C) Marginalists
D) Integrationists or biculturals

Question 50

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding acculturation?

A) Immigrants are the only group that goes through the acculturation process.
B) Other minority groups in the United States, such as Native Americans and African Americans, can also go through the acculturation process.
C) Refugees are the only group that go through the acculturation process.
D) Acculturation is an outcome, not a process.

Question 51

Who proposed a model to describe the acculturation process of American ethnic minority populations, such as Native Americans?

A) LaFromboise
B) Berry
C) Brislin
D) Bronfenbrenner

Question 52

In the LaFromboise model, the acculturated individual is the same as the _________ in the Berry model.

A) assimilationist
B) separationist
C) marginalist
D) integrationist or bicultural

Question 53

According to LaFromboise, ___________ is the process of combining one's culture of origin with the host culture, creating a somewhat new culture.

A) assimilation
B) acculturation
C) fusion
D) alternation

Question 54

Marianna's parents are from Perú, but she was born in the United States. Marianna is just as comfortable with Peruvian culture as she is American, and is able to interact comfortably with both her Peruvian and American friends shifting her cultural repertories according to context. According to the LaFromboise model, Marianna is an example of

A) assimilation.
B) acculturation.
C) fusion.
D) alternation.

Question 55

When describing the acculturation process of ethnic minorities in the United States, Chao et al. (2007) describe the "bicultural essentialist," which is basically the same as LaFromboise et al.'s (1993)

A) alternation.
B) multiculturalist.
C) fusion.
D) acculturated.

Question 56

This phase of migration refers to the period after settling into the host culture, when the stress of migration can be experienced and the adjustment to the new culture takes place.

A) Migration
B) Inter-migration
C) Postmigration
D) Premigration

Question 57

According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), stressors that immigrants and refugees experience at school and work are part of the

A) exosystem.
B) microsystem.
C) macrosystem.
D) mesosystem.

Question 58

According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), the media, the government, and laws are example of the

A) exosystem.
B) microsystem.
C) macrosystem.
D) mesosystem.

Question 59

_________________ involves the responsibility shift due to migration in which mothers and fathers share the responsibilities of doing household chores and earning a living.

A) Family hierarchy
B) New family roles
C) Acculturation
D) Busy schedules

Question 60

If the _______ of the country of origin greatly differ from those of United States, children may more forcefully rebel against the old ways.

A) ethnic groups
B) values
C) schools
D) heroes

Question 61

______________ are alienated individuals who neither adopt values of the host culture nor hold on to the values of their own culture. ______________ strongly maintain the beliefs and values of their home country and refuse to observe any traditions of their host country.

A) Marginalists; Assimilationists
B) Assimilationists; Fusionists
C) Marginalists; Separationists
D) Separationists; Marginalists

Question 62

____________ is similar to the melting pot.

A) Multiculturalism
B) Integration
C) Fusion
D) Assimilation

Question 63

According to Bronfenbrenner (1979), what are the layers of context that we should consider when speaking of an ecological context?

A) First asylum, claimant, settlement, and adaptation
B) Culture shock and acculturation
C) Premigration, migration, and postmigration
D) Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem