Deck 3: How Do Disciplines Outside Sociology Study Gender Some Additional Theoretical Approaches

Question 1

In contrast to sociology, psychology focuses on how ______.

A) social interaction affects behavior
B) institutions affect individuals
C) individual processes affect behavior
D) physical environment affects behavior

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Sex difference research is concerned with how gender operates on an ______ level.

A) individual
B) interactional
C) institutional
D) ideological

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Researchers Maccoby and Jacklin found that women are generally better at interpreting facial expressions, while men have a higher aptitude for physical aim. The psychological interpretation of these finds suggests that these differences _______.

A) are socially constructed
B) are hard-wired
C) vary based on hormones
D) vary across cultures

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Broadly, sex difference research has found evidence of which of the following?

A) Substantial differences in aptitude between sexes
B) Equivalence in aptitude between sexes
C) Consistence in sex differences across ethnicity
D) Small differences in aptitude between sexes

Question 5

Research on the variations in math and science test scores of boys and girls is an example of which kind of research?

A) Visuospatial
B) Sex differences
C) Meta-analytic
D) Androcentric

Question 6

Which of the following is a criticism of sex difference research?

A) Studies were fruitless because they found no differences between sex categories.
B) Findings that sex difference is varies culturally reinforces racial inequality.
C) This reseach put undo criticism on the limitations of each sex category.
D) Sex difference research reinforces gender inequality.

Question 7

Sex differences research is:

A) Predictive
B) Explanatory
C) Descriptive
D) Exploratory

Question 8

Queer theory traces its beginnings to the intersections between the gay/lesbian rights movement, feminism and ______.

A) structural functionalism
B) the civil rights movement
C) poststructuralism
D) postmodernism/poststructuralism

Question 9

During the gay and lesbian rights movement, lesbian feminists argued that:

A) Gay men benefit from systems of gender inequality.
B) One movement could represent all homosexual people.
C) All homosexual people should be united under a master frame of civil rights.
D) If societal barriers are removed, society would be more equitable.

Question 10

Which of the following was a central focus of the gay rights movement?

A) Highlighting the intersection of race and class amoung lesbians and gays.
B) Removing the categorization of homosexual as a mental illness from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
C) Decreasing rates of suicide among transmen.
D) Publicizing the problems associated with gender re-assignment surgery on intersex babies.

Question 11

Which movement within queer theory criticizes assumptions about a "universal homosexual identity?"

A) Transgender movement
B) Liberal feminist movement
C) Postmodernist movement
D) Radical feminist movement

Question 12

Imagine a research study that seeks to rationalize the differences between men and women based on biological traits. Which of the following theories would critique this research as reinforcing the ideas of the Enlightenment?

A) Postmodernism
B) Doing gender theory
C) Structuralism
D) Social interactionism

Question 13

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is an example of a ______.

A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-experience
C) Meta-narrative
D) Meta-theory

Question 14

Which of the following is a feature of queer theory as a general orientation?

A) Queer theory seeks to categorize the social world.
B) Queer theory is distrustful of categories.
C) Queer theory emphasizes a structural approach.
D) Queer theory seeks to establish a meta-narrative about gender

Question 15

______ is defined as the continuum of cooperative relations between people of the same gender, ranging from homosexual intimacy to same-sex friendships.

A) Homophily
B) Homophobia
C) Homosociality
D) Homosexuality

Question 16

Ward's (2008) article on Craiglist ads from men seeking sex with other men demonstrates which of the following?

A) Men's sexuality falls along a binary of homosexual/heterosexual.
B) The men posting the adds were closeted homosexuals.
C) The category of heterosexual is unstable.
D) Sexual identity is congruent with sexual behavior.

Question 17

Homophobia is most likely to arise among homosocial groups of ______.

A) homosexual men
B) bisexual women
C) heterosexual women
D) heterosexual men

Question 18

Which of the following is a concern of gender scholars who are interested in challenging perspectives of gender arising from the global North?

A) The concept of gender is universal.
B) Gender is a category of inequality in all cultures.
C) Power imbalances exist between the global North and global South.
D) The categories of sex and gender are interchangeable.

Question 19

One impact of colonialism on indigenous peoples was the loss of communal land to colonial authorities. One effect was that________.

A) Colonized peoples benefitted econoicall from new norms about landownership.
B) Colonized peoples were subject to the gendered social ideas of the colonists in relation to land cultivation.
C) Colonized peoples understood gender in the same was as their colonizers.
D) Colonized peoples maintained their traditional gender norms in the face of colonialism.

Question 20

Because Europeans believed themselves to be more advanced than the rest of the world, colonizers assumed that their presence ______ gender inequality among colonized peoples.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) did not change
D) eliminated

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of the impact that colonization had on the gender systems of colonized peoples?

A) Yoruba women gained increased empowerment.
B) Divorce was normalized among Arab women.
C) Indian women gained entry into the paid workforce.
D) Igbo women lost power.

Question 22

Which theory posits that the postcolonial world can reap benefits from following the economic, political, and social lead of the developed world?

A) Development theory
B) Evolutionary theory
C) Classical theory
D) Modernization theory

Question 23

Why is women's work often unaccounted for in economic theories of development??

A) Women's work is often part of the informal economy.
B) Women's work is often developmental.
C) Women's work is always part of the formal economy.
D) Women's work is postmodern.

Question 24

The "Women in Development" perspective sought to _______.

A) inform the World Bank of the benefit of women's work
B) integrate the informal economy into a gender perspective
C) inform modernization theory of the many women working in developing countries
D) integrate gender into the pre-existing development project

Question 25

Costa Rica exports a large amount of palm products. This is an example of a/an ______.

A) imported plant species
B) commodity crop
C) organic crop
D) shade-grown crop

Question 26

Gender and Development (GAD) theory primarily questions which of the following?

A) The global economic system
B) Development projects
C) Men's involvement in poverty-reduction
D) The involvement of women in development projects

Question 27

Which theory aims to explore domination in all forms, including the domination of women and the environment?

A) Modernization theory
B) Radical feminist theory
C) Ecofeminist theory
D) Structural characteristics theory

Question 28

_________research is invested in identiciation rather than explanation.

A) identity
B) descriptive
C) visual
D) explicit

Question 29

According to Foucault, _____________led to a new kind of disciplinary power rather than an increase in personal freedom.

A) The formation of the CIA
B) The rise of health research
C) The growth of social science disciplines
D) Feminism

Question 30

Queer theory suggests that everyone can______and that everyone already is.

A) be an ally
B) be homophoic
C) be privileged
D) be queer

Question 31

Maccoby and Jacklin's summary of sex difference research found that the differences between men and women were numerous and pronounced.

Question 32

Sex difference research has practical implications because it influences the organization of schools and work.

Question 33

Despite the longstanding efforts of the gay and lesbian rights movement, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) continues to list homosexuality as a psychological disorder.

Question 34

Postmodernist theorists within the queer theory tradition argue that there is a universal and comprehensive experience of homosexual identity.

Question 35

Queer theorists recognize that heterosexuality is biologically determined.

Question 36

Colonization had a mostly positive impact on gender equality in colonized nations.

Question 37

Economic models often fail to account for the informal economies in which women participate.

Question 38

The term queer is used by adherants as an act of empowerment.

Question 39

Postmodernism is a theoretical orientation that praises and builds upon the advancements of the Enlightment.

Question 40

Colonialism is defined as the assumption of power over nations or communities that have economic, political and cultural privileges.

Question 41

Sex difference research falls within a social constructionist theoretical perspective.

Question 42

Ward's research on straight-identified men who seek sex with other men demonstrates that the category of heterosexual is inherently unstable.

Question 43

Queer theory seeks to have a broad impact on what is defined as "normal" across multiple disciplines in the Academy.

Question 44

Development projects funded by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund sought to enhance the economic independence of countries in the "developing" world.

Question 45

Ecofeminism asserts that marginalized racial and ethnic groups are often associated with being closer to nature and therefore more animalistic.

Question 46

Define the concept, "meta-narrative". What is a meta-narrative with respect to gender? How would the perspectives on meta-narratives differ between a sex difference researcher and a queer theorist?

Question 47

How does modernization theory understand the value of women's economic and social contributions? In fact, how did modernization impact women's social contributions? How did the practice and prevalence of modernization theory give rise to the "Women in Development" perspective?

Question 48

Discuss the the three key features of Queer Theory as outlined in the text.

Question 49

What is ecofeminism? What sets ecofeminism apart from other forms of feminism? What are strengths and weaknesses of ecofeminism?

Question 50

Explain the different phases of the Gay and Lesbian movement. What was the meta-narrative that drove the foundation of the movement, and how did this shift over time? How did postmodernism address these divisions in the movement?