Deck 13: The Juvenile Court

Question 1

Sanborn and Salerno list five reasons for the denial of juveniles' rights at the court's inception. Which is not one of these?

A) Juvenile rights were unnecessary.
B) Juvenile rights were appropriate.
C) Juvenile rights were harmful.
D) Juvenile rights were undeserved.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who is mainly responsible for juvenile courts?

A) states
B) the federal government
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Answer 2

A

Question 3

For a juvenile to be tried in the federal court system, certain conditions must be met to show a "substantial federal interest." Which is not one of these?

A) The state has no jurisdiction or refuses jurisdiction.
B) The state with jurisdiction doesn't have adequate programs or services for juvenile delinquents.
C) The offense is a violent felony, a drug trafficking or importation offense, or firearm offense.
D) The offense crosses state lines.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which is a reason that change in court structures is opposed by some groups?

A) It would create too many jobs.
B) Judges would have to agree on the best way to dispose of cases.
C) It would correct the fragmented nature of the court system.
D) all of the above

Question 5

Who decides if a juvenile will be kept in custody or returned to the parents' supervision while a case is processed?

A) the police
B) the judge
C) the prosecutor
D) the social worker

Question 6

This is the moral state of being wrong, improper, or injurious.

A) liability
B) guilt
C) culpability
D) innocence

Question 7

This person is appointed by the court to take legal action on behalf of a juvenile who because of minor age is unable to manage his or her own affairs.

A) guardian ad litem
B) juvenile probation officer
C) prosecutor
D) parent

Question 8

This court employee represents the state's interests in juvenile court hearings.

A) the public defender
B) the judge
C) the prosecutor
D) the private lawyer

Question 9

These are full-time state employees who represent the interests of those who can't afford private counsel.

A) public defenders
B) judges
C) prosecutors
D) private lawyers

Question 10

A negotiation in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty or no contest to some offenses in return for some accession to the defendant.

A) trial
B) deal
C) plea bargain
D) acquittal

Question 11

This person recommends to the judge whether a given case should be moved to the juvenile justice system.

A) juvenile defense lawyer
B) prosecutor
C) juvenile intake officer
D) juvenile probation officer

Question 12

What do juvenile probation officers do?

A) craft supervised-treatment plans for juveniles placed on probation
B) investigate juveniles' social backgrounds and make recommendations to the judge on appropriate dispositions
C) neither a nor b
D) both a and b

Question 13

Who may be taken into custody for his or her own protection?

A) juveniles
B) adults
C) both
D) neither

Question 14

This is the filing of charges against a juvenile.

A) trial
B) petition
C) disposition
D) hearing

Question 15

This is the hearing in which it's determined if the juvenile committed the offense with which he or she is charged.

A) dispositional hearing
B) trial
C) adjudicatory hearing
D) preliminary hearing

Question 16

An initial hearing in which the judge explores the nature of the case and decides if it should be processed further.

A) dispositional hearing
B) trial
C) adjudicatory hearing
D) preliminary hearing

Question 17

This is a fairly low standard that allows the judge to weigh the evidence and decide on the case if it's believed the juvenile likely committed the offense or needs supervision.

A) beyond a reasonable doubt
B) absolute certainty
C) preponderance of evidence
D) in all likelihood

Question 18

In cases in which the juvenile is accused of a delinquent act that would be considered a criminal offense for an adult, what is the standard of proof?

A) beyond a reasonable doubt
B) absolute certainty
C) preponderance of evidence
D) in all likelihood

Question 19

A report prepared by a probation officer to assist the judge in designing an appropriate disposition.

A) sentencing brief
B) predispositional report
C) plea bargain
D) probation report

Question 20

During this process, the juvenile court specifies what should be done with the juvenile.

A) dispositional hearing
B) trial
C) adjudicatory hearing
D) preliminary hearing

Question 21

In this case, the Supreme Court found that juveniles have no constitutional right to a jury trial during adjudication in a state juvenile court delinquency proceeding.

A) In re Gault
B) Breed v. Jones
C) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
D) none of the above

Question 22

Which amendment specifies that citizens charged with an offense be allowed an impartial jury?

A) Sixth Amendment
B) Fourteenth Amendment
C) First Amendment
D) Eighth Amendment

Question 23

Which is a reason supporting a jury trial for juveniles?

A) Equal protection under the law shouldn't exclude juveniles.
B) Trials are too traumatic for juveniles.
C) Juvenile trials hold up the flow of cases.
D) Trials of juveniles would violate their privacy.

Question 24

At which point does plea bargaining occur in the juvenile court?

A) disposition
B) intake
C) adjudication
D) all of the above

Question 25

In which of two ways does the protection against self-incrimination protect both juveniles and adults?

A) A person doesn't have to testify in a criminal case in which he or she is the defendant.
B) If the answer to a question would implicate a witness in a criminal offense, that person can refuse to testify.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 26

In 1975, the Supreme Court extended the protection against double jeopardy to juveniles in this case.

A) Breed v. Jones
B) In re Gault
C) Haley v. Ohio
D) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 27

What is the process of sending a juvenile to be tried in criminal court called?

A) preponderance of evidence
B) plea bargaining
C) blended sentencing
D) juvenile waiver

Question 28

How many states try juveniles as adults?

A) 10
B) 23
C) 50
D) 42

Question 29

In this provision, a judge is responsible for sending the juvenile to criminal court.

A) direct filing
B) statutory exclusion
C) juvenile waiver
D) judicial waiver

Question 30

In what is also known as "concurrent jurisdiction," a prosecutor has the discretion to file charges in either juvenile or adult court.

A) direct filing
B) statutory exclusion
C) juvenile waiver
D) judicial waiver

Question 31

What issues must be decided in order to waive a juvenile case to criminal court?

A) age
B) probable cause
C) seriousness of the offense
D) all of the above

Question 32

This is the legal requirement that certain offenses committed by juveniles automatically be waived to criminal court without a juvenile court hearing.

A) statutory exclusion
B) dispositional hearing
C) preliminary hearing
D) culpability

Question 33

In this type of blended sentence, the case is adjudicated in a juvenile court, but the court may impose a disposition involving either the juvenile or criminal correctional systems, but not both.

A) juvenile exclusive
B) juvenile contiguous
C) criminal exclusive
D) juvenile inclusive

Question 34

In this type of blended sentence, the case is tried in the criminal court, but the court may impose a sentence involving either the juvenile or criminal correctional systems, but not both.

A) juvenile exclusive
B) juvenile contiguous
C) criminal exclusive
D) juvenile inclusive

Question 35

The structure of juvenile courts varies widely.

Question 36

The nature of the work of the juvenile court judge varies greatly depending on the state and the organization of the court.

Question 37

The prosecutor embodies the principle of parens patriae in a way that no other participant in the court does.

Question 38

After the due-process revolution in the 1960s, the prosecutor became standard in the juvenile court.

Question 39

Defense counsel for juveniles has always been considered necessary in the juvenile court.

Question 40

Juveniles may be taken into custody for their own protection in cases of abuse, neglect, or dependency.

Question 41

The process of waiving juveniles to criminal court is consistent from state to state.

Question 42

For status-offense cases, the judge will typically look for proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 43

Before the 1990s, juvenile court proceedings were relatively closed, and the circumstances of cases kept from the public and the press.

Question 44

Juveniles who are once tried and convicted as adults typically are not tried as adults for subsequent offenses.

Question 45

In criminal-exclusive sentencing, the case is tried in the criminal court, but the court may impose a sentence involving either the juvenile or criminal correctional systems, but not both.

Question 46

Males charged with person offenses are far more likely than similarly charged females to get their cases waived to criminal court.

Question 47

In no state may any type of offense be waived to the criminal court without a waiver hearing.

Question 48

Some studies have shown that juvenile cases waived to criminal court receive more severe sanctions than if they remain under juvenile-court jurisdiction.

Question 49

According to research, black youths are more likely than any other race to be waived to criminal court for drug offenses.