Deck 1: Perspectives on Research

Question 1

______ implies that "there is a reality out there that exists independent of the researcher that can be understood and awaits our discovery."

A) Phenomenologism
B) Naïve realism
C) Evolutionary epistemology
D) Social facts

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The economic system under which you were born is considered to be ______ by researchers.

A) a social reality
B) rate data
C) a social fact
D) a life fact

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Quantitative researchers do not want to get too close to participants because they do not want to ______.

A) build rapport
B) commit ethical violations
C) objectify participants
D) overidentify with participants

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of quantitative research?

A) positivist epistemology
B) realist perspective
C) verstehen
D) deductive approach

Question 5

______ research is more likely to occur in qualitative research, while ______ research is more likely to occur in quantitative research.

A) Human-centered; participant-centered
B) Participant-centered; researcher-centered
C) Researcher-centered; participant-centered
D) Human-centered; data-centered

Question 6

The ______ approach involves making predictions and assessing success while the ______ approach invovles building theory.

A) deductive; inductive
B) inductive; deductive
C) quantitative; qualitative
D) qualitative; quantitative

Question 7

A researcher wants to engage in phenomenologism in her research approach. Which of the following items is inconsistent with being a phenomenologist?

A) human-centered
B) verstehen
C) rapport
D) objective

Question 8

The high level of concern about violent crime in the United States despite the steadily dropping rates illustrates that humans' perceived reality should be taken into account. This relates to what philosophical view?

A) positivism
B) phenomenologism
C) realism
D) pragmatism

Question 9

______ is the intimate and empathic understanding of human action in terms of its interpetive meaning to the participant.

A) Rapport
B) Verstehen
C) Participant-centered research
D) Understanding

Question 10

Rapport is more important in ______ research than ______.

A) quantitative; qualitative
B) quantitative; direct
C) qualitative; quantitative
D) in-person; virtual

Question 11

Which perspective views human perception as essential to understanding human behavior due to knowledge and truth being created by the mind?

A) constructionism
B) realism
C) pragmatism
D) naive realism

Question 12

______ researchers are more likely to believe that behavior only has meaning in context.

A) Deductive
B) Quantitative
C) Qualitative
D) Inductive

Question 13

______ researchers are more likely to believe that behavior must be extracted from its context to be studied.

A) Deductive
B) Quantitative
C) Qualitative
D) Inductive

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to distinguish between quantitative and qualitative research?

A) implications for methods
B) role of researcher
C) phenomenological concerns
D) epistemological priorities

Question 15

When choosing research focus quantitative researchers prefer ______, whereas qualitative researchers prefer ______.

A) research and theory; colloborative approaches
B) philosophical considerations; epistemological prioities
C) colloborative approaches; working independently
D) working independently; colloborative approaches

Question 16

Which of the following would be considered field research?

A) interviewing a participant about their spending habits
B) observing shoppers at the mall
C) doing a taste test in the lab
D) doing an online questionnaire

Question 17

A qualitative researcher would define success as ______.

A) understanding behavior in context in terms meaningful to the actor
B) being human-centered
C) being researcher-centered
D) the ability to predict what will happen in any given situation

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the four modes of triangulation articulated by Denzin (1970)?

A) theoretical triangulation
B) data analysis triangulation
C) research triangulation
D) investigator triangulation

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of qualitative research?

A) numbers create distance
B) human-centered approach
C) social facts
D) phenomenologism

Question 20

Potential negative outcomes related to getting close to participants include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) building rapport
B) loss of objectivity
C) inappropriate levels of closeness
D) overidentify with participants

Question 21

The philosophical position that appreciates the realist-constructionist dichotomy is ______.

A) researcher-centered
B) critical realism
C) pragmatism
D) realism

Question 22

Mixed-methods approaches reflect which philosophical tradition?

A) positivism
B) phenomenologism
C) realism
D) pragmatism

Question 23

Positivism is to phenomenologism as ______ is to ______.

A) realism; constructionism
B) constructionism; verstehen
C) quantitative; qualitative
D) realism; pragmatism

Question 24

Some researchers utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods, what is the term used to decribe the intergration of both methods?

A) dual methods
B) mixed Methods
C) hypothetico-deductive method
D) research

Question 25

According to Occam's Razor, the best way to describe a theory is to express the idea as simply as possible.

Question 26

In quantitative research, researchers should take on the perspective of those they study and not be detached and analytic.

Question 27

According to Darwin, human behavior can be explained using the same principles that govern any other organism.

Question 28

Field research is most likely to occur in qualitative research

Question 29

The epistemological priorities are the same for quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Question 30

Social facts play a role in positivist inquiry

Question 31

Rate data are outside of the influence of the researcher.

Question 32

Quantitative and qualitative research cannot exist collaboratively.

Question 33

Differentiate between inductive and deductive researchers and compare the benefits and limitations with each approach. Also describe when a researcher may choose one approach over the other and discuss the possibility of using both inductive and deductive approaches.

Question 34

Summarize the idea of bridging approaches and give an example of an appropriate time to utilize both quantitative and qualitative research.

Question 35

Describe social facts and discuss what researchers learn from this information.

Question 36

Consider the researcher and participant relationships in both quantitative and qualitative research. Explain the benefits and limitations of each approach and highlight any barriers regarding achieving the desired relationship between the researcher and participants. Apply this explanation and choose a circumstance in which one approach should be chosen over the other.

Question 37

Identify the role of academic freedom in higher education and infer how it influences the research experiences for scholars at institutions of higher learning. Analyze the current climate and perception of academic freedom and your perception of the potential benefits or issues with exercising academic freedom.