Deck 5: Social Identities and Culture: Shaping Interactions at the Individual and Societal Levels

Question 1

Global interactions are considered to be ______; culture and social identities are considered to be ______.

A) inside-out; outside-in
B) outside-in; inside-out
C) inside-out; inside-out
D) outside-in; outside-in

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The renaming of Calcutta to Kolkata and Bombay to Mumbai is an example of ______.

A) a reassertion of national identity
B) standardization of geographical place names
C) public referendum instituting change in society
D) decolonization

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Select the most appropriate definition of culture from the following options.

A) Culture consists of shared religion, expected behaviors, ways of doing things, and customs in a particular society.
B) Culture consists of the beliefs, religions, currency, politics and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society.
C) Culture consists of traditions and customs, transmitted through learning, that govern the beliefs and behavior of the people exposed to them.
D) Culture consists of a combination of shared language, ethnicity, and religion that governs the beliefs and behavior of the people exposed to them.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Social identity does not include ______.

A) ethnicity
B) religion
C) gender
D) beauty

Question 5

Scholars refer to the notion of ______ (people of the same group) or ______ (people of a different group) when discussing social identity.

A) in-groups; out-groups
B) in-groups; inside-out groups
C) out-groups; in-groups
D) out-groups; outside-in groups

Question 6

Jane was raised in West Virginia and thinks of herself as an Appalachian. When she travels from Atlanta to Morgantown, while maintaining her Appalachian identity, she goes from being ______.

A) in the in-group to being in the out-group
B) in the in-group to being in the inside-out group
C) in the out-group to being in the in-group
D) in the out-group to being in the outside-in group

Question 7

How does information and communications technology influence culture?

A) Since information is shared and transmitted, culture is deeply connected to the dissemination of information.
B) Since culture is shared and transmitted, communication process is deeply connected to the dissemination of information.
C) Since culture is shared and transmitted, communication process is not deeply connected to the dissemination of information.
D) Since communication is shared and transmitted, information technology process is deeply connected to the dissemination of information.

Question 8

Compared to decades before, people can access information, ideas, songs, and so on much more quickly; trends spread around the world in days, rather than months. This is an example of which global force's influence on culture?

A) global markets
B) information and communication technology
C) shifting centers of global power
D) global governance

Question 9

The internationalization of entertainment and sport, with the NBA and Justin Bieber being recognized in nearly all corners of the global, is an example of which global force's influence on culture?

A) global markets
B) information and communication technology
C) shifting centers of global power
D) global governance

Question 10

For international studies as a discipline, which identities are most salient?

A) national, ethnic, religious, gender, and class
B) national, ethnic, religious, gender, and citizenship
C) national, ethnic, regional, gender, and class
D) national, ethnic, religious, generation, and class

Question 11

______ is described as a social identity constituted by membership in a national group.

A) Citizenship
B) Nationalism
C) National identity
D) Cultural identity

Question 12

______ refers to the attitudes and emotions that individuals experience in reference to their national identity.

A) Citizenship
B) Nationalism
C) National identity
D) Cultural identity

Question 13

Campaigns for nationalist parties in Europe often evoke nationalism by ______.

A) priming voters about globalization and the economy
B) stoking voters' fears of immigration and a loss of their national identity
C) evoking language nostalgic for "the good old days"
D) reminding voters that protest voting sends a message to the government

Question 14

______ refers to desire for self-determination, the desire for a state of one's own.

A) Citizenship
B) Nationalism
C) National identity
D) Cultural identity

Question 15

______ is defined as "named human population with myths of common ancestry, shared historical memories, one or more elements of common culture, a link with a homeland and a sense of solidarity among at least some of its members."

A) Citizenry
B) Nationality
C) Ethnicity
D) Community

Question 16

In recent decades, social scientists have started to use the term ______ to indicate that the construction of groups is rooted in society and history, as opposed to previous generations of social scientists who often referred to ______ and biology to categorize groups.

A) ethnicity; geography
B) race; ethnicity
C) race; sex
D) ethnicity; race

Question 17

Shared identities, through their influence on ______ and ______, play an important role in ensuring a well-functioning state.

A) trust; cooperation
B) trust; kinship
C) cooperation; kinship
D) cooperation; cleavages

Question 18

The conflicts in Northern Ireland and Yugoslavia are examples of how ______ identity can create tensions that manifest into war.

A) ethnic
B) cultural
C) religious
D) regional

Question 19

That women might perceive a business or classroom environment very differently from men, and vice versa; and men and women might experience risk and security very differently, is evidence of which type of identity?

A) sex identity
B) feminine identity
C) masculine identity
D) gender identity

Question 20

______ is defined as "a social identity in which belonging is determined by a grouping based on economic status."

A) Class identity
B) Economic identity
C) Social identity
D) Generational identity

Question 21

Social class acts a heuristic, in helping people to do what?

A) Class helps locate themselves, or how they could be objectively situated, in relationship to economic equality.
B) Class helps locate themselves, or how they could be objectively situated, in relationship to political equality.
C) Class helps locate individuals on the basis of how they would situate themselves, or how they could be objectively situated, in relationship to political equality.
D) Class helps locate individuals on the basis of how they would situate themselves, or how they could be objectively situated, in relationship to economic equality.

Question 22

______ identity shapes how people imagine community; how they imagine community in turn shapes how they see their interests; and how they see their interests in turn shapes how people act in a number of important social and political ways.

A) Class
B) Economic
C) Social
D) Generational

Question 23

The concept of culture encompasses two main ideas in an international studies context. One of these is an analytical concept that expresses culture as a ______.

A) "worldview" within a society, organization, or social category
B) phenomenon that spread quickly because of technological advances
C) singular understanding of how societies and groups behave
D) niche category to describe only widespread phenomenon in a society

Question 24

Which scholar claims that culture connotes the idea of a system of meaning by which people make sense of their world?

A) Jan Nederveen Pieterse
B) Clifford Geertz
C) Amartya Sen
D) James Watson

Question 25

What is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing often used to describe nationalities?

A) generalization
B) assumption
C) stereotype
D) ascription

Question 26

The concept of culture encompasses two main ideas in an international studies context. One of these is an analytical concept that expresses ______.

A) culture as "relationship" between society, organization, and social category
B) the values that are central to a group, those around which it builds a common identity
C) culture as a singular understanding of how societies and groups behave
D) as a catchall category to describe the intellectual and artistic activity in a society

Question 27

Dutch sociologist Jan Nederveen Pieterse proposed three frameworks for thinking about culture and civilization. These three are ______, ______, and ______.

A) clash of civilizations; convergence or heterogenization; localization
B) clash of cultures; convergence or homogenization; localization
C) clash of civilizations; convergence or homogenization; glocalization
D) clash of cultures; convergence or heterogenization; localization

Question 28

When political movements or political candidates frame groups or religions as having a set of values or morals that are incompatible with their country's, that is an example of ______.

A) clash of cultures
B) convergence
C) localization
D) heterogenization

Question 29

When an American businessperson greets a Japanese businessperson with a handshake, and the Japanese businessperson expects to bow, that is an example of ______.

A) clash of cultures
B) convergence
C) localization
D) heterogenization

Question 30

The idea that globalization will flatten differences between countries and eventually one culture will dominate is known as ______.

A) clash of cultures
B) convergence
C) localization
D) heterogenization

Question 31

"McDonaldization," "Coca-colization," and "Disneyification" are all synonyms for cultural domination, a concept closely tied to which challenge of globalization?

A) clash of cultures
B) convergence
C) localization
D) heterogenization

Question 32

The process in which cultural interactions and ideas adapt to local conditions and tastes is called ______.

A) clash of cultures
B) convergence
C) localization
D) heterogenization

Question 33

The concept of ______ highlights the fluidity of international interactions, as it brings together "outside-in" influences of global brands and "inside-out" influences, such as local tastes, ownership, and adaptation.

A) clash of cultures
B) convergence
C) glocalization
D) heterogenization

Question 34

Culture can only operate on a national level.

Question 35

Whether someone is part of the in-group or the out-group depends on the perspective from which they are being evaluated.

Question 36

Nationalism has two distinct meanings; one being an individual's experience with their national identity, the other being the desire for self-determination.

Question 37

Social identities are set identities, not subject to interpretation.

Question 38

The terms "race" and "ethnicity" are used interchangeably in the social sciences.

Question 39

The line between "ethnic group" and "religious group" is interchangeable.

Question 40

Class identity shapes how people imagine community; how they imagine community in turn shapes how they see their interests; and how they see their interests in turn shapes how people act in a number of important social and political ways.

Question 41

Culture is neither deterministic nor static, nor does it operate only at a specific geographic level.

Question 42

Film, theater, dance, music, fashion, literature, visual arts, and food are not considered culture.

Question 43

"Glocalization" is the idea of adapting to local conditions and tastes.

Question 44

Describe how global forces can impact cultures, using real-world examples to illustrate your point.

Question 45

Using real-world examples, explain the five most salient identities in international studies, being sure to highlight why these identities matter.

Question 46

Using either the United States or Western Europe as an example, illustrate the positive and negative attributes of nationalism.

Question 47

Explain the three main directions in which some social identities can matter more than others.

Question 48

How do culture clashes, convergence, and localization challenge (or strengthen) cultural and social identities in the 21st century?