Deck 5: Qualitative Research Strategies

Question 1

In general, quantitative research has greater validity while qualitative research is more reliable.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In general, qualitative research takes place outside of a laboratory setting.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In ethnographic strategy, researchers may opt to engage in the behavior studies to varying degrees.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

One of the major limitations in ethnomethology is that a researcher's characteristics influence what can be effectively studied.

Question 5

It is unethical to utilize research helpers who can participate in observation on behalf of researchers.

Question 6

Focus group interviewing is particularly useful when examining transient populations who come and go quickly.

Question 7

Traditionally, historical analysis has not been used in criminal justice research.

Question 8

Standpoint epistemology is meaningful because a deeper understanding of the participant can be gleaned from those who have lived the experience themselves.

Question 9

Content analysis is not applicable in the field of criminology and criminal justice.

Question 10

Content analysis cannot be combined with quantitative research tactics.

Question 11

A common application of triangulation is to use two or more data sources in one study.

Question 12

Triangulation does not allow researchers to combine quantitative research and qualitative research.

Question 13

Which of the following is false regarding historical backgrounds of qualitative research?

A) Qualitative research has a longer history than positivism, which is the underlying basis for quantitative research.
B) The fundamental purpose of qualitative research is to provide in-depth understanding of the participant.
C) According to a Weberian (Max Weber) ideology, quantitative research provides a deep understanding to socially constructed behavior equal to qualitative research.
D) Qualitative research is applicable in the field of criminology and criminal justice.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of requisite qualitative research tools?

A) Intense curiosity
B) Skills of recording, storing, and codifying the collected data
C) Good communication skills and paying attention to detail
D) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is false regarding field research?

A) Field research refers to the strategies for collecting data in a purely qualitative study.
B) The term field includes deviant subcultures, correctional facilities, and police departments.
C) It is usual for qualitative researchers to heavily rely on pen and paper for documentation.
D) Due to the privacy issues, qualitative researchers should not use electronic devices for data collection.

Question 16

The main purpose of __________ is to examine the phenomenon from the perspective of the study participants, which requires researchers to engage in the study to a certain degree.

A) Ethnography
B) Focus group interviewing
C) Historiography
D) Oral traditions

Question 17

As part of ethnography, Miller and Tewksbury (2000) termed ________________, which is (are) very dangerous approach(es), but very innovative at the same time.

A) extreme methods
B) focus group interviewing
C) historiography
D) oral tradition

Question 18

Which of the following is false regarding ethnography?

A) The modern institutional review board process makes it difficult to conduct participant observation research.
B) Research participants are informed that they are observed, which may influence their behavior.
C) As qualitative researchers always maintain neutral perspectives, their personal background, tradition, or beliefs do not affect analyses.
D) Ethnography is a scientific method that relies on unique perspectives.

Question 19

When an ethnographic researcher is excluded from a study by factors such as age, gender, or race, __________ can be hired to replace the researcher's role.

A) avatars
B) confederates
C) mercenaries
D) gatekeepers

Question 20

What might be a good solution when qualitative researchers study people with a limited amount of time?

A) Hiring confederates
B) Hiring gatekeepers
C) Employing focus groups
D) Employing ethnographers

Question 21

Which of the following is false regarding focus group interviewing?

A) Focus group interviews are led by a moderator who solicits information from the participants.
B) Moderators should maintain neutrality not to mislead focus groups.
C) Focus group interviews cannot be used in conjunction with other researcher strategies, including participant observation.
D) Because of the limited time, focus group interviews do not provide rich observational data.

Question 22

Which of the following is true regarding historical research?

A) Historical research is a process that examines events to uncover accounts of what happened in the past.
B) In general, most official or government history is written by the people in power.
C) Oral traditions are the primary means of providing voice from the perspective of the average person.
D) All of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is less appropriate for content analysis?

A) Government documents
B) News reports
C) Television programs
D) Uniform Crime Reports

Question 24

Which of the following is false regarding content analysis?

A) Content analysis has been recently incorporated with sophisticated statistical analyses.
B) The range of materials that content analysis can cover is very limited.
C) More recently, some qualitative researchers utilize the Internet to understand social phenomena.
D) None of the above

Question 25

Which of the following is false regarding standpoint epistemology?

A) Standpoint epistemology was originally developed by feminist theorists.
B) Standpoint epistemologists accept standard social science methods because these strategies treat research participants as knowing participants.
C) Standpoint epistemology was founded on the premise that no one can fully understand the lived experiences of the individual, but the individual himself or herself.
D) Standpoint epistemologists employ various research strategies, including participant observation, interviews, and content analysis.

Question 26

Which of the following has been developed under the premise that human behavior is primarily determined by how the actor wants to be portrayed by the audience?

A) Content analysis
B) Standpoint epistemology
C) Dramaturgy
D) Oral traditions

Question 27

Which of the following focuses on the interpretation of signs or linguistic analysis?

A) Standpoint epistemology
B) Dramaturgy
C) Semiotics
D) Triangulation

Question 28

__________ combines two or more research strategies in one study.

A) Triangulation
B) Content analysis
C) Qualitative analysis
D) Semiotics

Question 29

Which of the following factors influencing the qualitative data collection process is mostly related to the selection of topics, intellectual approach, and ability in the field?

A) Personality of researchers
B) Allocation of resources
C) Status of researchers
D) Social and moral obligations

Question 30

__________ is defined as systematic gathering of data on specific aspects of social life by means other than social surveys, demographic techniques, and experimentation that includes an ongoing relationship with those studies.

Question 31

__________ is a type of research where researchers place themselves in the midst of whatever it is the study.

Question 32

__________ are a part of the focus group and provide a richer insight to the researcher.

Question 33

The __________ is a member of the focus group who enables the researcher access to the group of interest.

Question 34

__________ attempts to contribute to science by understanding the past.

Question 35

__________ examines data to identify commonalities or themes.

Question 36

__________ is a qualitative method in which only research participants themselves have a position to understand the topic under study.

Question 37

__________ is a research strategy that derives from a theoretical perspective called symbolic interactionism.

Question 38

__________ is useful to understand how professional organizations use language to create divisions.

Question 39

__________ is a research strategy that combines two or more different research approaches.