Deck 1: Political Culture

Question 1

Which of the following is true, according to S.M. Lipset?

A) Most Canadians are ideologically conservative.
B) Canadians generally constitute a more liberal society than Americans do.
C) The United States is a society formed by revolution, and Canada by counterrevolution.
D) Canadians have tended to be more religious than Americans.
E) In Canada, government power is feared more than in the United States.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is usually argued to be the "formative event" in the political history of French Canada?

A) The British North America Act, 1867
B) The Conquest, 1759
C) The election of the Parti Québécois for the first time in 1976
D) The Quebec Referendum of 1995
E) The War of 1812

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The new "isms", such as environmentalism and feminism, tend to assign an important role to the state. In this they most closely resemble which of the following?

A) Libertarianism
B) Conservatism
C) Totalitarianism
D) Socialism
E) Liberalism

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A socialist attaches the most importance to which of the following?

A) Material well-being
B) Preservation of law and order
C) Individual freedom
D) Equality
E) Tradition

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered part of the centre of the political spectrum?

A) Non-ideological thinking
B) Pragmatism
C) The mainstream of society
D) All of the above are centrist.
E) Radical individualism

Question 6

When it comes to individualism, what do recent surveys suggest about Canadians?

A) They are more like European than American populations.
B) They are more like Americans on some measures of individualism and more like Europeans on others.
C) They are more like American than European populations.
D) They are virtually identical to Americans.
E) They are unlike any other culture.

Question 7

Where is the line "live free or die" found?

A) On the New Hampshire state licence plate
B) As part of the provincial slogan of Alberta
C) In the American national anthem
D) In Sir John A. Macdonald's last speech in the House of Commons
E) On the Canadian coat of arms

Question 8

Violent confrontations have taken place between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in which province?

A) Quebec
B) Manitoba
C) British Columbia
D) Newfoundland
E) All of the above

Question 9

What percentage of the vote did "Non" receive in the 1980 referendum?

A) 95.6
B) 59.6
C) 65.9
D) 9.4
E) 40.4

Question 10

Compared to citizens of the United States and those of such major European democracies as France, Germany, and Great Britain, which of the following is true about Canadians?

A) They are less traditionally religious than both Americans and Europeans.
B) They are more traditionally religious than both Americans and Europeans.
C) They are less traditionally religious than Europeans, but about as traditionally religious as Americans.
D) They are less traditionally religious than Americans, but more so than Europeans.
E) They are less traditionally religious than Americans, but about as traditionally religious as Europeans.

Question 11

How much did support for same-sex marriage increase in Canada between 1997 and 2017?

A) 10 per cent
B) 20 per cent
C) 30 per cent
D) 35 per cent
E) 5 per cent

Question 12

In the twenty-first century, what class do most Canadians, Americans, and Western Europeans live in?

A) Lower-middle class
B) Upper-middle class
C) Middle class
D) Upper class
E) Lower class

Question 13

Which of the following is true, according to Breton and Reitz?

A) Canadian culture is important to immigrants, but not to native-born Canadians.
B) Rates of language retention and ethnic group identification are about the same in Canada and the United States.
C) Almost no empirical data support the notion that Canadians are more tolerant than Americans.
D) The society of the United States is more multicultural than that of Canada.
E) All of the above

Question 14

Which term refers to conservatives who believe that government has a responsibility to act as an agent for the collective good, including through the redistribution of wealth?

A) Keynesian conservatives
B) Social democrats
C) Red Tories
D) Libertarians
E) Loyalists

Question 15

What percentage of women hold seats on corporate boards in Canada and the United States?

A) 30 per cent
B) 20 per cent
C) 60 per cent
D) 50 per cent
E) 40 per cent

Question 16

What relationship "involves a complex web of interconnections through trade, investment, population, culture and foreign policy"?

A) Canada-Russia
B) Russia-Brazil
C) Iran-Iraq
D) Canada-United States
E) Russia-United States

Question 17

Which term "spills beyond the boundaries of politics to embrace beliefs and judgments about other social relationships, including economic ones"?

A) Interpretive map
B) Theology
C) Agenda
D) Intuition
E) Ideology

Question 18

Which term refers to the set of beliefs of those on the left of the political spectrum?

A) Socialistic
B) Democratic
C) Altruistic
D) Individualistic
E) Collectivist

Question 19

Which term refers to a person who believes that individuals should be allowed the largest possible margin of freedom in all realms of life?

A) Socialist
B) Liberal
C) Independent
D) Libertarian
E) Conservative

Question 20

Western societies have been most greatly influenced by which three ideologies?

A) Feminism, multiculturalism, and environmentalism
B) Marxism, Leninism, and Stalinism
C) Liberalism, conservatism, and utopianism
D) Communism, fascism, and capitalism
E) Liberalism, conservatism, and socialism

Question 21

Classical liberalism, as understood until the middle of the twentieth century, was associated with which of the following?

A) Equality of religions
B) Control of religion and markets
C) Freedom of religious choice and practice
D) The Declaration of Independence and the Catholic Church
E) The welfare state and the decline of religious influence

Question 22

Which of the following is a value of classical conservatives?

A) Electing the Conservative Party to power
B) The equality of all men
C) Individual values
D) Upholding traditions
E) Free enterprise and free trade

Question 23

Fragment theory argues that the ideology of the founders becomes what?

A) A fragment culture
B) The dominant ideology
C) A divisive issue
D) The main political party
E) All of the above

Question 24

Karl Marx used the term "false consciousness" to describe which of the following?

A) The failure of the Communist Party
B) The impact that key historical events and conditions have on the trajectory of a society
C) A tool of suppression used by the dominant class
D) The failure of the subordinate class to see their real interests
E) Marx never used this term.

Question 25

From a class analysis perspective, both fragment theory and the formative events explanation are which of the following?

A) Empirically sound
B) Hopelessly idealistic
C) Historically viable
D) Irrelevant
E) Very accurate

Question 26

Which term do Marxists use to refer to the system of economic production and distribution?

A) Mode of economics
B) Mode of production
C) System of production
D) Method of production
E) Mode of distribution

Question 27

Unlike in Canada, gun ownership in the United States is seen as which of the following?

A) A fact requiring strict legislation
B) An inconsequential right
C) An issue that can never be legislated
D) A vital pillar of personal freedom
E) A constitutional oddity

Question 28

While America is often described as a cultural melting pot, Canada is more frequently described as what?

A) A land of the free
B) A land of opportunity
C) A land of assimilation
D) A mosaic
E) A diverse nation

Question 29

Canada's official policy of multiculturalism introduced in 1971 was recognized in which of the following?

A) The 1776 Declaration of Independence
B) The 1982 Constitution Act
C) The 1867 British North America Act
D) The 1987 Meech Lake Accord
E) The 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights

Question 30

Which of the following is true about Thomas Jefferson's statement, "that government is best which governs least"?

A) It was made during a meeting with a Canadian prime minister.
B) It was made during a visit to Canada.
C) It would validate Canada's political system.
D) Most Canadians would agree with it
E) It would sound foreign to Canadians.

Question 31

What do advocates of communitarianism believe?

A) That human freedom and dignity require public recognition of group identities
B) That communities matter
C) That Grant's "lament" was false
D) That private property must be abolished
E) That separatist opinions must be suppressed

Question 32

Which of the following is true about post-materialism?

A) It was defined by George Grant.
B) It focusses on issues such as employment and incomes.
C) It places no value on material wealth.
D) It has replaced materialism
E) It emphasizes quality-of-life issues.

Question 33

According to Alexis de Tocqueville, which of the following formed the connective tissue of American democracy?

A) Family values
B) Voluntary associations
C) The Constitution and the Bill of Rights
D) Gun ownership
E) Elected politicians

Question 34

What would a newspaper editorial slamming welfare fraud and calling for mandatory 'workfare' be called?

A) Moderate
B) Centrist
C) Right-wing
D) Left-wing
E) None of the above

Question 35

How did French observer André Siegfried described Liberal and Conservative parties?

A) Obsolete political forces
B) Vital enemies
C) Best political friends
D) Virtually indistinguishable in terms of their ideological principles
E) All of the above

Question 36

How long ago did classical ideologies such as liberalism and conservatism mean "something quite different" from today?

A) 20-30 years ago
B) 1-5 years ago
C) 10-20 years ago
D) 1-5 months ago
E) 100-200 years ago

Question 37

What do social democrats accept as they temper their advocacy of an egalitarian society?

A) Individualism
B) Communism
C) Capitalism
D) Democracy
E) Socialism

Question 38

What did Daniel Bell argue had ended?

A) Ideology
B) Politics
C) Liberalism
D) War
E) Socialism

Question 39

Which of the following is a label used to refer to a set of political ideas?

A) Centrist/moderate
B) Left-wing
C) Right-wing
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 40

How much did Canadian support for same-sex marriage increase from 1997 to 2017?

A) 60 per cent to 70 per cent
B) 50 per cent to 60 per cent
C) 20 per cent to 40 per cent
D) 40 per cent to 50 per cent
E) 40 per cent to 75 per cent

Question 41

The "right-versus-left" dichotomy is also described as which of the following?

A) The "religious-versus-secular" dichotomy
B) The "centre-versus-left" dichotomy
C) The "material-versus-post-material" dichotomy
D) The "individualism-versus-collectivism" dichotomy
E) The "business-versus-environmental" dichotomy

Question 42

Hallmarks of the twentieth-century welfare state include which of the following?

A) Public health care
B) Universal access to public education
C) Public pensions
D) Unemployment insurance
E) All of the above

Question 43

Of the three classical ideologies, the meaning of which of the following has changed the least?

A) Socialism
B) Conservatism
C) Anarchism
D) Liberalism
E) They have all changed significantly.

Question 44

Within the context of fragment theory, Bell and Tepperman view the culture of founding groups as what?

A) A type of road map
B) A type of unlimited guideline
C) A type of inhibitor
D) A type of genetic code
E) A type of directive

Question 45

Which of the following is a conservative political belief?

A) Preservation of social order
B) Workers should control capital
C) Acceptance of equality between classes
D) Challenge to authority and institutions
E) Individualism above all

Question 46

According to Brunet and Rioux, what did the conquest of 1759 impact in French Canada?

A) The development of Quebec nationalism
B) The development of a distinct society
C) The development of a French-speaking bourgeoisie
D) The development of secularism
E) The development of a charter of rights

Question 47

How many times have Quebecers been given the opportunity to register popular support for an independent Quebec?

A) Once
B) Twice
C) Three times
D) Four times
E) Never

Question 48

In recent years, the level of popular support for Quebec independence has hovered around how much of the province's population?

A) One quarter
B) Half
C) One third
D) All of it
E) None of it

Question 49

W.L. Morton once described political community as what?

A) The national identity of a community
B) Unique history and politics
C) A community of political allegiance alone
D) The social identity of a community
E) A community of communities

Question 50

Which 2016 Democratic presidential candidate wanted to bring universal health care to the United States?

A) Ted Cruz
B) Beto O'Rourke
C) Howard Dean
D) Bernie Sanders
E) Oprah Winfrey

Question 51

Which of the following is usually argued to be the "formative event" in the political history of English Canada?

A) American Independence, 1776
B) The Conquest, 1759
C) Patriation of the Constitution, 1982
D) The War of 1812
E) The British North America Act, 1867

Question 52

What party is normally placed on the right part of the political spectrum in Canada?

A) Conservative Party
B) New Democratic Party
C) Liberal Party
D) Republican Party
E) Democratic Party

Question 53

What party is normally placed on the left part of the political spectrum in Canada?

A) Conservative Party
B) New Democratic Party
C) Liberal Party
D) Republican Party
E) Democratic Party

Question 54

What party is normally placed on the centre part of the political spectrum in Canada?

A) Conservative Party
B) New Democratic Party
C) Liberal Party
D) Republican Party
E) Democratic Party

Question 55

What year did the Oka Crisis take place?

A) 1970
B) 1770
C) 1867
D) 1918
E) 1990

Question 56

What percentage of the vote did "Oui" receive in the 1980 referendum?

A) 59.6
B) 65.9
C) 40.4
D) 9.4
E) 95.6

Question 57

Who said "there's no place for the state in the bedroom of the nation"?

A) Margaret Thatcher
B) Justin Trudeau
C) Pierre Trudeau
D) David Bell
E) Karl Marx

Question 58

What year was the Conservative Party was renamed the Progressive Conservative Party?

A) 1911
B) 1993
C) 1942
D) 1867
E) 2003

Question 59

What year did the Progressive Conservative Party merge with the Canadian Alliance and was renamed the Conservative Party?

A) 2003
B) 1993
C) 1942
D) 1867
E) 1911

Question 60

What was the turnout in 1995 referendum?

A) 72 per cent
B) 100 per cent
C) 50 per cent
D) 24 per cent
E) 94 per cent

Question 61

In the left/right political spectrum, a set of beliefs described as "collectivist" would fall to the left.

Question 62

People of the left side of the political spectrum would generally be opposed to things like abortion and same-sex marriage.

Question 63

Socialism, liberalism, and conservatism have been three of the most dominant ideologies in Western societies since the American and French revolutions.

Question 64

Today, there is much more confidence among socialists that state ownership of the means of economic production and distribution is desirable.

Question 65

Of the three dominant Western ideologies, socialism has undergone the biggest transformation from its origins.

Question 66

Seymour Martin Lipset argues that the United States has been shaped through revolutionary origins, whereas English speaking Canada has been defined through counter-revolutionary origins.

Question 67

Ontario was once called Canada West.

Question 68

The Catholic Church has historically maintained little influence in Quebec.

Question 69

According to the World Values Survey, Canada and the United States are among the most racially tolerant populations in the world.

Question 70

Classical socialism is based on the principle of freedom.

Question 71

Chinese immigration was banned in Canada for a long period of time.

Question 72

Quebec uses a common law system.

Question 73

The Parti Québécois was formed in 1968.

Question 74

The first Quebec referendum was held in 1968.

Question 75

The "Oui" vote received 40.4 per cent in the 1980 Quebec Referendum.

Question 76

Over 90 per cent of Canadian francophones live in Quebec.

Question 77

An ideology stays within the boundaries of politics.

Question 78

Some would suggest that the ideological gap between the principal right and centre parties in Canada, the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party, is quite small.

Question 79

Libertarians believe that personal liberties should be restricted.

Question 80

Socialism is one of a trio of ideologies that have greatly influenced the politics of Western societies since the American and French revolutions.