Question 1

Which of the following would be an appropriate one-tailed hypothesis for a correlational design between empathy and donating behaviour?&#10;A) There will be no relationship between empathy and donating behaviour.&#10;B) There will be a significant relationship between empathy and donating behaviour.&#10;C) There will be a significant positive relationship between empathy and donating behaviour.&#10;D) Empathy will positively effect donating behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A one-tailed hypothesis predicts the direction of the relationship between variables. Option C specifically predicts a significant positive relationship between empathy and donating behaviour, which is an appropriate one-tailed hypothesis for a correlational design.

Question 2

If a study is using a multiple regression to examine how many hours studying, quality of sleep, gender, and class attendance predict scores on a maths test whilst controlling for IQ scores, then how many hypotheses should we have?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 1
D) 2

B

Accepted Answer

In a multiple regression analysis, each predictor variable (independent variable) is associated with a hypothesis regarding its relationship to the dependent variable. In this case, the variables are hours studying, quality of sleep, gender, class attendance, and controlling for IQ scores. This means there are 4 predictor variables (hours studying, quality of sleep, gender, class attendance) and 1 control variable (IQ scores), making a total of 5 hypotheses to examine the relationship of each predictor with the maths test scores, while controlling for IQ.

Question 3

When describing a questionnaire used in your study, this should be outlined in the&#8230;&#10;A) participants section.&#10;B) design and analysis section.&#10;C) materials section.&#10;D) procedure section.

Accepted Answer

The materials section is where you describe the tools and instruments used in the study, including questionnaires.

Question 4

When reporting Cronbach's alpha, this should typically be reported in the&#8230;&#10;A) introduction.&#10;B) discussion.&#10;C) results.&#10;D) method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When reporting Cronbach's alpha, this should typically...

Question 5

Which of the following is not true when producing a matrix table to display the zero order correlations?&#10;A) You should not include the outcome variable.&#10;B) You should not include any binary variables.&#10;C) You should avoid repeating information.&#10;D) You could denote the significance of any correlation with a *.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not true...

Question 6

In what order should regression models be written up?&#10;A) Assumptions, individual predictors, models&#10;B) Individual predictors, models, assumptions&#10;C) Models, individual predictors, assumptions&#10;D) Assumptions, models, individual predictors

Accepted Answer

The correct order for writing up regression models is to first discuss the assumptions, then present the models, and finally discuss the individual predictors. This ensures that the foundational requirements are addressed before delving into the specifics of the models and predictors.

Question 7

When writing up the individual predictors you should&#8230;&#10;A) only report the predictors that are significant.&#10;B) interpret the direction of all predictors.&#10;C) report the predictors in order of significance.&#10;D) interpret the direction only for the significant predictors.

Accepted Answer

Interpreting the direction only for the significant predictors is appropriate because it focuses on the predictors that have a meaningful impact on the outcome, avoiding overinterpretation of non-significant results.

Question 8

If we were to find that neuroticism is a significant predictor of believing in conspiracy theories, then how should this finding be graphed?&#10;A) Bar chart with error bars&#10;B) Scatterplot with line of best fit&#10;C) Box plot&#10;D) Pie chart

Accepted Answer

A scatterplot with a line of best fit is appropriate for showing the relationship between two continuous variables, such as neuroticism levels and the degree of belief in conspiracy theories. This graph can illustrate how changes in one variable (neuroticism) are associated with changes in the other (belief in conspiracy theories).

Question 9

The first paragraph of a discussion should&#8230;&#10;A) offer a brief summary of the key findings.&#10;B) discuss what the importance of the findings are.&#10;C) offer avenues for future research.&#10;D) mention that a correlational study cannot imply causation.

Accepted Answer

The first paragraph of a discussion should offer a brief summary of the key findings.

Question 10

When writing up the model summary, which of the following should be used to report the amount of variance explained? A) β B) t score C) adjusted R² D) F score

Accepted Answer

Adjusted R-squared is the correct metric for reporting the amount of variance explained in a model summary because it provides a measure of how well the independent variables explain the variance of the dependent variable, adjusted for the number of predictors in the model.

Deck 20: Presenting Correlational Studies