Deck 2: Plato: The Allegory of the Cave

Question 1

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato's allegory of the cave can be seen as a metaphor for

A) the need to always adhere to conventional ideas.
B) the chaos of the imagination.
C) the search for the true and the good through philosophy.
D) the importance of prophecy.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato's allegory reminds us that widely accepted opinions can be

A) right.
B) beyond question.
C) complex.
D) wrong.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-In the cave allegory, the reaction of the prisoners to the enlightened one is

A) to praise him for his insight.
B) to revile him as a ridiculous fool.
C) to reconsider their own worldviews.
D) to see him as a beacon of hope.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-The allegory suggests that the truth is

A) plain to most people.
B) obvious.
C) not always obvious.
D) easy to acquire.

Question 5

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato distinguishes between appearance and reality.

Question 6

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-The allegory suggests that there is a difference between mere belief and knowledge.

Question 7

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-The freed prisoner does not feel obligated to enlighten the others living in ignorance.

Question 8

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-The allegory reminds us that people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding derived from philosophy.

Question 9

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato maintains that personal freedom is more important than wisdom.

Question 10

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato believes that truth is relative to cultures.

Question 11

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato argues that the prisoners in the cave can never be enlightened.

Question 12

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato thinks that the prisoners are deluded.

Question 13

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato thinks that few people have insight into what's really real.

Question 14

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-All the prisoners in the cave will eventually see daylight.

Question 15

In the Republic Plato presents what is probably the most famous tale in Western philosophy: the "Allegory of the Cave." Through the persona of Socrates, Plato tells a story that works on many levels. Primarily the allegory represents facets of Plato's theories of knowledge and metaphysics, but it can also be seen as a metaphor for the search for the true and the good through philosophy. Imagine, Plato says, prisoners chained for life against a wall in a cave so that they can see only shadows on the opposite wall. The shadows appear because behind and above the wall to which the prisoners are chained there burns a fire, and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway along which people pass carrying vessels, statues, and replicas of animals. The prisoners see the shadows of these artifacts on the wall and hear the people's voices echoing off of it, and they mistakenly believe that these sights and sounds are the real world. But the real world-the truth-lies above the darkened cave out in the bright sunlight. If a prisoner is released from his chains and is shown the true source of the shadows, he will not believe his eyes, and he will prefer to believe as he always has-just as people will often prefer comfortable commonplace assumptions to the deeper, sometimes unsettling understanding that philosophy can provide. If he is dragged into the light, his eyes will hurt, and he will be disoriented, just as the truths of philosophy can at first seem strange and frightening. If the prisoner finally sees things as they really are in the full sunlight, he will pity the prisoners he left behind and will return to the cave to enlighten them. But they will revile him as a ridiculous fool and might even put him to death for his heresies-a fate that has often befallen those who have dared speak unconventional truths (e.g., Socrates).
-Plato thinks that only the rich and powerful can be enlightened.