Deck 60: John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism

Question 1

A common form of psychological egoism says that people perform actions-even actions that appear to be altruistic or selfless-solely to obtain satisfaction, happiness, or pleasure. But Feinberg argues that this view of the matter is muddled. It is much more likely that we act to obtain particular things, not satisfaction itself, and that we experience satisfaction as a byproduct of obtaining those things. We don't seek satisfaction; we seek certain things that give us satisfaction when we acquire them. If the things themselves were not the object of our desires, it would be difficult to see how we could get any satisfaction from our attaining them.
-According to Mill, utilitarianism says that right actions are those that produce the greatest happiness for

A) each individual.
B) one's own family.
C) all concerned.
D) those who deserve it.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A common form of psychological egoism says that people perform actions-even actions that appear to be altruistic or selfless-solely to obtain satisfaction, happiness, or pleasure. But Feinberg argues that this view of the matter is muddled. It is much more likely that we act to obtain particular things, not satisfaction itself, and that we experience satisfaction as a byproduct of obtaining those things. We don't seek satisfaction; we seek certain things that give us satisfaction when we acquire them. If the things themselves were not the object of our desires, it would be difficult to see how we could get any satisfaction from our attaining them.
-According to Mill, the experience of happiness can vary

A) only quantitatively
B) only in the way Bentham describes.
C) referentially.
D) qualitatively.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A common form of psychological egoism says that people perform actions-even actions that appear to be altruistic or selfless-solely to obtain satisfaction, happiness, or pleasure. But Feinberg argues that this view of the matter is muddled. It is much more likely that we act to obtain particular things, not satisfaction itself, and that we experience satisfaction as a byproduct of obtaining those things. We don't seek satisfaction; we seek certain things that give us satisfaction when we acquire them. If the things themselves were not the object of our desires, it would be difficult to see how we could get any satisfaction from our attaining them.
-Bentham insists that pleasures should be measured by their quantity, not quality.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A common form of psychological egoism says that people perform actions-even actions that appear to be altruistic or selfless-solely to obtain satisfaction, happiness, or pleasure. But Feinberg argues that this view of the matter is muddled. It is much more likely that we act to obtain particular things, not satisfaction itself, and that we experience satisfaction as a byproduct of obtaining those things. We don't seek satisfaction; we seek certain things that give us satisfaction when we acquire them. If the things themselves were not the object of our desires, it would be difficult to see how we could get any satisfaction from our attaining them.
-Mill rejected Bentham's moral theory.

Question 5

A common form of psychological egoism says that people perform actions-even actions that appear to be altruistic or selfless-solely to obtain satisfaction, happiness, or pleasure. But Feinberg argues that this view of the matter is muddled. It is much more likely that we act to obtain particular things, not satisfaction itself, and that we experience satisfaction as a byproduct of obtaining those things. We don't seek satisfaction; we seek certain things that give us satisfaction when we acquire them. If the things themselves were not the object of our desires, it would be difficult to see how we could get any satisfaction from our attaining them.
-Mill says his view is a "pig philosophy."

Question 6

A common form of psychological egoism says that people perform actions-even actions that appear to be altruistic or selfless-solely to obtain satisfaction, happiness, or pleasure. But Feinberg argues that this view of the matter is muddled. It is much more likely that we act to obtain particular things, not satisfaction itself, and that we experience satisfaction as a byproduct of obtaining those things. We don't seek satisfaction; we seek certain things that give us satisfaction when we acquire them. If the things themselves were not the object of our desires, it would be difficult to see how we could get any satisfaction from our attaining them.
-Mill contends that the quantity of happiness is more important than its quality.

Question 7

A common form of psychological egoism says that people perform actions-even actions that appear to be altruistic or selfless-solely to obtain satisfaction, happiness, or pleasure. But Feinberg argues that this view of the matter is muddled. It is much more likely that we act to obtain particular things, not satisfaction itself, and that we experience satisfaction as a byproduct of obtaining those things. We don't seek satisfaction; we seek certain things that give us satisfaction when we acquire them. If the things themselves were not the object of our desires, it would be difficult to see how we could get any satisfaction from our attaining them.
-Bentham says, "It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied."