Question 1

The evolution of the laws of war is one of the clearest examples of the shift from supranational law to international law.

Accepted Answer

The evolution of the laws of war is an example of the development and refinement of international law, not a shift from supranational law to international law. Supranational law refers to a form of legal structure where laws are imposed upon sovereign nations by a higher body, whereas international law governs relations between sovereign states and is created through treaties, agreements, and customary practices among those states. The laws of war, such as those codified in the Geneva Conventions, are a part of international law developed through agreements between states.

Question 2

International institutions can exist without an organizational dimension, but international organizations cannot exist without an institutional framework.

Accepted Answer

International institutions refer to sets of rules and norms governing international behavior, which can exist independently of formal structures. In contrast, international organizations are entities with physical structures, staff, and a set of procedures, requiring an institutional framework to operate.

Question 3

The Treaty of Paris in 1814 consolidated the move to territorial sovereignty in Europe.

Accepted Answer

The Treaty of Paris in 1814 ended the Napoleonic Wars and restored the Bourbon monarchy in France, but it did not specifically consolidate the move to territorial sovereignty in Europe. That concept was more directly addressed in the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815), which aimed to restore the balance of power in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 4

Non-governmental actors are becoming increasingly important in the development and codification of international legal norms.

Accepted Answer

Non-governmental actors, including NGOs, multinational corporations, and civil society groups, play a significant role in shaping, promoting, and implementing international legal norms through advocacy, expertise, and by influencing public opinion and policy-making processes.

Question 5

In recent decades states have sought to move beyond the simple pursuit of international order toward the ambitious yet amorphous objective of global governance, and international law has begun to change in fascinating ways.

Accepted Answer

States and international organizations have increasingly aimed to address global challenges such as climate change, terrorism, and economic instability through more coordinated and comprehensive approaches, leading to the evolution of international law to accommodate these broader objectives of global governance.

Question 6

The recognition by states that they are observing a norm because it constitutes law is known as ________.&#10;A) pacta sunt servanda&#10;B) jus cogens&#10;C) opinio juris&#10;D) jus ad bellum

Accepted Answer

Opinio juris refers to the belief or recognition by states that a certain practice is observed because it is a legal obligation. This concept is fundamental in distinguishing customary international law from mere practices or habits.

Question 7

Which term refers to the laws governing the conduct of war once launched?&#10;A) Jus in bello.&#10;B) The Geneva Convention.&#10;C) Jus ad bellum.&#10;D) Jus cogens.

Accepted Answer

Jus in bello refers to the laws that govern the conduct of parties engaged in warfare, focusing on protecting those who are not participating in hostilities and restricting the means and methods of warfare.

Question 8

Institutions comprising the primary rules and norms of international society, without which society among sovereign states could not exist, are described as ________ institutions.&#10;A) fundamental&#10;B) issue-specific&#10;C) foundational&#10;D) constitutional

Accepted Answer

Constitutional institutions are the fundamental rules and norms that define the basic principles of international society, such as sovereignty and territorial integrity, which are essential for the existence of a society among sovereign states.

Question 9

The kings and queens who ruled European states before the nineteenth century saw humanity in general, including monarchs, as being subject to __________.&#10;A) royal and natural law&#10;B) the rules of military engagement&#10;C) God's law and natural law&#10;D) constitutional law and God's law

Accepted Answer

Before the nineteenth century, European monarchs typically viewed both themselves and their subjects as being subject to God's law and natural law, reflecting the era's prevailing belief in a divinely ordered universe and the natural rights and laws that governed it.

Question 10

Which treaty/treaties ended the Napoleonic Wars and paved the way for the Congress of Vienna?&#10;A) The Treaties of Westphalia.&#10;B) The Treaty of Paris.&#10;C) The Treaty of Versailles.&#10;D) The Treaties of Utrecht.

Accepted Answer

The Treaty of Paris, signed in 1814, ended the Napoleonic Wars and set the stage for the Congress of Vienna, aiming to restore European stability and balance of power.

Question 11

With regards to the language and practice of justification, international legal argument is __________.&#10;A) rhetorical and analogical&#10;B) analogical and coercive&#10;C) rhetorical and counterfactual&#10;D) counterfactual and coercive

Accepted Answer

The answer of With regards to the language and practice...

Question 12

Which theoretical approach to international law treats international law as part of the normative structures that condition state and non-state agency in international relations?&#10;A) Critical legal studies.&#10;B) Constructivism.&#10;C) The practice turn&#10;D) Neoliberal institutionalism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theoretical approach to international law treats...

Question 13

'The basic norms and practices that sovereign states employ to facilitate coexistence' can be called ________ .&#10;A) constitutional institutions.&#10;B) foundational institutions&#10;C) fundamental institutions&#10;D) issue-specific institutions

Accepted Answer

The answer of 'The basic norms and practices that sovereign...

Deck 19: International Law