Question 1

This chapter defines 'international order' as the merging of distinct political communities into one.

Accepted Answer

International order typically refers to the arrangement of power and institutions globally that guide the interactions among states, rather than the merging of distinct political communities into one.

Question 2

The emergence of intergovernmental organizations and international non-governmental organizations is a main consequence of the global transformation.

Accepted Answer

The emergence of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) is indeed a main consequence of global transformation, as these entities have been established to address transnational issues and facilitate cooperation across borders in response to the increasing interconnectedness of countries and societies.

Question 3

The contemporary international order features a number of key actors, including nation-states, transnational corporations, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Accepted Answer

These entities play significant roles in global governance, diplomacy, economic development, and humanitarian efforts, influencing international relations and policy-making.

Question 4

The racial categorizations of the 'standard of civilization' formed the basis for the Western rules of war, which distinguished between 'privileged belligerents' and 'unprivileged belligerents'.

Accepted Answer

The concept of the 'standard of civilization' was a criterion used by Western powers to distinguish between those societies they considered 'civilized' and those they deemed 'uncivilized.' This distinction influenced the development of international law, including the rules of war, leading to a differentiation between 'privileged belligerents' (those from 'civilized' nations, who were entitled to certain rights and protections in war) and 'unprivileged belligerents' (those from 'uncivilized' nations, who were often denied these rights and protections). This categorization was inherently racial and Eurocentric, reflecting and reinforcing colonial and imperialist ideologies of the time.

Question 5

Interdependence refers to a global intensification in the circulation of people, ideas, and resources.

Accepted Answer

Interdependence involves the mutual reliance between countries or regions, often resulting in increased exchange and circulation of people, ideas, and resources globally.

Question 6

What caused China's decline during the nineteenth century?&#10;A) Its economic crippling under British imperialism.&#10;B) Domestic political instability.&#10;C) A series of unequal treaties following its losses in wars with Western powers.&#10;D) All of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

China's decline in the nineteenth century was multifaceted, involving economic exploitation by British imperialism, domestic political instability, and the impact of unequal treaties after losing wars to Western powers. These factors collectively contributed to its weakening during this period.

Question 7

What is 'sovereign territoriality'?&#10;A) The control by kings or queens of their castles and surrounding land.&#10;B) A claim to political authority over a particular geographical space.&#10;C) A claim to political authority that can only be exercised in a monarchy.&#10;D) None of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

Sovereign territoriality refers to the assertion of political control and authority over a specific geographical area by a governing entity, which can be a state or a nation, not limited to monarchies.

Question 8

Which of the following is a form of 'regularized practices of exchange'?&#10;A) Economic interactions.&#10;B) Systems of transport.&#10;C) Systems of communication.&#10;D) All of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

Regularized practices of exchange encompass a broad range of systems through which goods, services, and information are exchanged. This includes economic interactions (where goods and services are traded), systems of transport (which facilitate the physical exchange of goods), and systems of communication (which enable the exchange of information). All these elements are integral to the functioning of modern societies and economies, making them forms of regularized practices of exchange.

Question 9

Which two infrastructural gains underpinned the division of labour between an industrial 'core' and a commodity-producing 'periphery' that first emerged in the nineteenth century?&#10;A) Railways and steamships.&#10;B) Railways and the telegraph.&#10;C) Steamships and the telegraph.&#10;D) Steamships and the construction of national road systems.

Accepted Answer

The development of railways and steamships in the nineteenth century facilitated the efficient transportation of goods and raw materials, enabling the industrial 'core' to process commodities from the 'periphery' and distribute finished products globally.

Question 10

All of the following are critiques of the dominant Westphalian narrative, except&#8230;&#10;A) It was a local affair, not a European-wide agreement.&#10;B) The gains of Westphalia were actually relatively slight.&#10;C) Westphalia allowed polities to choose their own religion at any point in the future.&#10;D) Westphalia actually set limits to the principle of sovereignty established at the 1555 Peace of Augsburg.

Accepted Answer

The Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648, is often cited as the origin of the modern state system and the principle of sovereignty. Critique C is incorrect because the Peace of Westphalia did not allow polities to choose their own religion at any point in the future; rather, it solidified the cuius regio, eius religio principle established by the Peace of Augsburg in 1555, which allowed rulers to determine their state's religion, but did not provide for future changes.

Question 11

How did industrialization contribute to the 'great divergence'?&#10;A) It helped to produce a dramatic expansion of the world market, which brought new opportunities for accumulating power.&#10;B) Industrialization in the West was accompanied by deindustrialization elsewhere.&#10;C) It encouraged the British to adopt tariffs and other protectionist trade policies that promoted British goods while discriminating against those produced in India.&#10;D) All of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did industrialization contribute to the 'great...

Question 12

Which term refers to the belief that it is possible and desirable to establish a political hierarchy based on biological markers?&#10;A) 'Cultural' racism.&#10;B) Settler colonialism.&#10;C) 'Social' racism.&#10;D) 'Scientific' racism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which term refers to the belief that...

Question 13

'Rational state' refers to&#8230;&#10;A) The ways in which states become organized less through interpersonal relations and family ties, and more by abstract bureaucracies such as a civil service and a nationally organized military.&#10;B) The assumption that states are self-interested actors.&#10;C) The adoption of a democratic form of governance.&#10;D) All of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 'Rational state' refers to&#8230;&#10;A) The ways in...

Question 14

What was the 'great divergence'?&#10;A) The split between parts of the world that promoted regional order and parts of the world that sought more truly international order.&#10;B) The global power disparity that emerged between East and West during the nineteenth century.&#10;C) The stark difference in the speed of communications between the pre-industrial and industrial eras.&#10;D) None of the options given are correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the 'great divergence'?&#10;A) The split...

Question 15

When did international order originate?&#10;A) 13,000-14,000 years ago, in Sumer.&#10;B) In 1648, with the Peace of Westphalia.&#10;C) Over the last two centuries, when various regional systems were forged into a deeply interdependent, global international order.&#10;D) All of the options given are correct; scholars have argued for each of these positions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When did international order originate?&#10;A) 13,000-14,000 years...

Deck 2: The Rise of Modern International Order