Deck 3: Underlying Principles of Chemistry

Question 1

Looking at the Periodic Table, one can determine the number of valence electrons of Group I elements (on the far left, going down from H to Fr) to be

A)1
B)3
C)7
D)8

Answer 1

A

Question 2

State the lowest whole-number coefficients in order for the following equation, when balanced.
C + S₈ → CS₂

A)4,1,4
B)1,1,1
C)2,4,8
D)5,2,1

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The meaning of a chemical mole is

A)a dozen or so particles
B) a specific number of particles, 6.022 x 10²³, to be exact
C)a variable number, usually estimated to be about 1,000,000
D)the number of particles in the carbon atom's nucleus

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Atoms tend to react to achieve an outer electron number of

A)1
B)4
C)8
D)16

Question 5

Charged particles formed due to electron transfer are known as

A)atoms
B)ions
C)neutrinos
D)quarks

Question 6

Chemical bonding occurs due to the atom's

A)nucleus
B)core or inner electrons
C)valence or outer electrons
D)neutrons

Question 7

Dalton's Atomic Theory stated the following.

A)Elements are composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms.
B)The atoms of a given element are similar in all respects.
C)The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements.
D)Chemical compounds are formed when the atoms of two or more elements come together to form molecules.
E)All of these

Question 8

Ernest Rutherford used his gold foil experiment to state that the atom is

A)like a plum pudding
B)mostly empty space
C)a miniature solar system
D)a hard sphere like a billiard ball

Question 9

Fractional atomic weights on the periodic table are due to

A)experimental error
B)random statistical variance
C)the presence of isotopes of the various elements
D)the property of the atom to break into smaller particles

Question 10

Give the formula for the compound (a salt substitute) made between potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl).

A)KCl₂
B)K₂Cl
C)KCl
D)K₂Cl₃

Question 11

Give the formula for the compound, used to treat acidic soils in agriculture, which is formed between calcium (Ca) and oxygen (O).

A)Ca₂O
B)CaO₂
C)Ca₂O₃
D)CaO

Question 12

Give the formula for the compound, used as a filler in laundry detergents, formed between sodium and sulfate (SO_?4^2-) ions.

A)Na₂SO₄
B)Na(SO₄)₂
C)Na(SO₄)₃ d Na₂(SO₄)_{3 (a}

Question 13

Give the formula for the compound (a component of bones and teeth) made between calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO₄)^3- ions.

A)CaPO₄
B)Ca₂(PO₄)₃
C)Ca₃(PO₄)₂
D)Ca₂PO₄

Question 14

Give the formula for the compound (aka limestone) formed between calcium (Ca) and carbonate (CO₃)^2- ions.

A)Ca₂CO₃
B)CaCO₃
C)Ca₂(CO₃)₄
D)Ca(CO₃)₂

Question 15

Give the formula of the covalent compound, sometimes used in cleaning glass, formed between nitrogen and hydrogen.

A)NH
B)NH₂
C)NH₃
D)N₂H₃

Question 16

Give the formula of the covalent compound, used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, formed between boron (B) and bromine (Br).

A)BBr
B)BBr₂
C)BBr₃
D)B₃Br₂

Question 17

Identify the polyatomic ion.

A)(PO₄)^3- used in some detergents and a possible water pollution problem
B)SO₂ a serious air pollution problem
C)H₂O
D)CH₄ - the main constituent of the fuel natural gas

Question 18

If the atomic nucleus were the size of a baseball, the outer edge of the atom would be

A)about an inch from the nucleus
B)about a nanometer from the nucleus
C)about a centimeter from the nucleus
D)over two miles from the nucleus

Question 19

In the following equation, what are the subscripts? P₄ + 6Cl₂ → 4 PCl₃

A)4, 2, and 3
B)1, 6, and 4
C)2, 3, and 4 d, 1, 2, and 3

Question 20

Ionic bonding, such as in table salt, is due to

A)electron sharing
B)electron transfer
C)proton sharing
D)neutron transfer

Question 21

Isotopes, sometimes used in medical diagnoses, are different forms of the same element, having

A)the same atomic number but a different number of electrons
B)the same atomic mass but a different number of protons
C)the same atomic number but a different number of neutrons
D)the same number of alpha particles

Question 22

Looking at the Periodic Table, one can determine the number of valence electrons of Group 17 elements (on the far right, going down from F to At) to be

A)1
B)3
C)7
D)9

Question 23

Marie and Pierre Curie discovered

A)the carbon cycle
B)two new radioactive elements
C)the steam engine
D)organic farming

Question 24

Nitrogen can form multiple oxides such as the air pollutants NO₂ and N₂O (aka laughing gas).

Question 25

Oxidation numbers are

A)the charges on ions
B)the masses of ions
C)the masses of electrons
D)the densities of ions

Question 26

The basic parts of the atom are

A)protons, neutrons, and electrons
B)alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
C)alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons
D)electrons and positrons

Question 27

The Periodic Law states that

A)matter cannot be created or destroyed.
B)the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their boiling points.
C)The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
D)The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their masses.

Question 28

The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev noticed how columns of elements behaved similarly and wrote the

A)First Law of Thermodynamics
B)Law of Conservation of Mass
C)Periodic Law
D)Mass Action Law

Question 29

The Structure H:H infers

A)an ionic bond between two hydrogen atoms to form the H₂ molecule
B)a covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms to form the H₂ molecule
C)two hydrogen atoms
D)coordinate covalent bonding

Question 30

What did Becquerel discover when he noticed that a crystal could produce an image on a photographic plate, without being in the sun?

A)electricity
B)thermodynamics
C)radioactiviity
D)ultraviolet light

Question 31

Which is true of neutrons?

A)mass of one amu, charge of zero
B)mass of two amu, charge of zero
C)mass of almost zero, charge of +1
D)mass of one amu, charge of +1

Question 32

Which is true of the proton?

A)Mass of one amu, charge of -1
B)Mass of one amu, charge of +1
C)Mass of zero, charge of +1
D)Mass of zero, charge of -1

Question 33

Which is true of the electron?

A)Mass of one amu, charge of -1
B)Mass of one amu, charge of +1
C)Mass of almost zero, charge of +1
D)Mass of almost zero, charge of -1