Deck 14: Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide

Question 1

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) struck down a law prohibiting ___.

A) contraception as a violation of marital privacy.
B) contraception as a violation of women's right to medical procedures
C) sodomy as a violation of marital privacy
D) abortion as a violation of marital privacy

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) established ___.

A) voting rights for Latinos in Louisiana
B) citizens' rights to know the contents of their meat products
C) the right of citizens to challenge monopolies
D) that states had the power to define the domestic rights of their citizens

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Title IX forbids discrimination based on ___.

A) social class
B) religious affiliation
C) gender
D) sexual preference

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a factor that, according to sociologist Doug McAdam, is necessary for a social movement to gain momentum?

A) Popularity among average Americans
B) Expanding political opportunities
C) The mobilization of indigenous organizational resources
D) The presence of certain shared cognitions or values

Question 5

Approximately how many countries currently permit same-sex marriages?

A) None
B) Between 1 and 25
C) Between 26 and 50
D) More than 50

Question 6

What set of amendments to the U.S. Constitution are also known as "The Civil War Amendments"?

A) The Bill of Rights
B) The 11th, 12th, and 13th Amendments
C) The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
D) The 16th, 17th, and 18th Amendments

Question 7

Which decision overturned the separate but equal doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?

A) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
B) Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, KS (1954)
C) Allwright v. Smith (1944)
D) The Civil Rights Acts of 1964, 1965, and 1968

Question 8

From the Let's Compare section, what might be the next civil right?

A) Homosexual rights in general
B) Gay marriage
C) Hispanic rights
D) Student rights

Question 9

What act ultimately destroyed the Jim Crow system in the South?

A) The Civil Rights Act of 1965
B) The Civil Rights Act of 1964
C) The 24th Amendment
D) The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 10

Does affirmative action still exist?

A) Yes, and in its fully constituted form
B) No, it has been deemed unconstitutional
C) Yes, but it has been lessened in its application since quotas were declared unconstitutional
D) Affirmative action has never existed; it is a rallying cry for neo-segregationists

Question 11

Which of the following statements more accurately defines civil liberties and civil rights?

A) Civil liberties are the protections for individuals and minorities provided by the Constitution, while civil rights are similar protections provided outside the Constitution
B) Civil liberties and civil rights are different words for the same thing: the right of all individuals to enjoy equal liberty under the law
C) Civil liberties restrict and control government power over individuals, while civil rights promise that government power will be used to ensure that individuals are treated equally and fairly by government and other individuals
D) The first and last options above

Question 12

The term social movement refers to ___.

A) a collective enterprise to change the way society is organized and operates in order to produce changes in the way opportunities and rewards are distributed
B) a singular enterprise to change the way society is organized and operates in order to produce changes in the way opportunities and rewards are distributed
C) a public enterprise to maintain the way society is organized and operates in order to prevent tampering with the way opportunities and rewards are distributed
D) a private enterprise to maintain the way society is organized and operates in order to prevent tampering with the way opportunities and rewards are distributed

Question 13

What is a "frame" in relation to the concept of social movements?

A) A method of protest involving pickets with graphical depictions of the movement's antagonists
B) A dominant organizing image
C) A tactic used by the opponents of social movements that involves seeking to discredit movement leaders
D) Frames have no relationship to the concept of social movements

Question 14

In which case did the Supreme Court establish the doctrine of "separate but equal," which implied government mandated racial segregation did not inherently violate the Constitution's requirement of equal protection of the laws?

A) Dred Scott v. Sanford
B) Civil Rights Cases
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Sweatt v. Painter

Question 15

Which of these statements most accurately identifies and describes the Supreme Court's first major ruling on the constitutionality of affirmative action in higher education?

A) In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that public colleges can take race into account in admissions decisions as long as they do not set aside a specific number of seats for which only minorities are eligible
B) In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that colleges may use affirmative action "whenever and however they see fit"
C) In Grutter v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court ruled that affirmative action in higher education admissions must end within twenty-five years
D) None of the above

Question 16

Coverture, the legal concept by which the place of married men and women in early nineteenth-century America was defined, held that when a man and a woman marry, they become ___.

A) "one person, and that person the husband"
B) "two equals in everlasting union under God"
C) "one person, and that person unified by independent souls"
D) None of the above

Question 17

What was the ERA?

A) A constitutional amendment guaranteeing racial equality which was ratified in 1982
B) A constitutional amendment guaranteeing gender equality which was ratified in 1982
C) A constitutional amendment guaranteeing gender equality which was never ratified
D) A constitutional amendment guaranteeing racial equality which was never ratified

Question 18

The Eagle Forum was ___.

A) an offshoot of the National Organization for Women that focused on securing abortion rights for women
B) an offshoot of the National Organization for Women that focused on securing ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment
C) a conservative group founded to resist passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and the liberalization of abortion laws
D) Both of the first two options

Question 19

Who and/or what tends to be threatened by social movements?

A) Policies, programs, and the existing flow of benefits
B) The people, groups, and institutions that have controlled and benefited from the existing system
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above, since social movements are never threatened by anything

Question 20

What happened in the Slaughterhouse cases of 1873 relative to the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment?

A) The Slaughterhouse cases did not deal with the 14th Amendment.
B) The Slaughterhouse cases dealt with the due process clause of the 14th Amendment.
C) The Slaughterhouse cases restricted the application of the equal protection clause by defining U.S. citizenship narrowly, thus leaving states to regulate domestic race relations.
D) The Slaughterhouse cases restricted the application of the equal protection clause by defining due process narrowly, thus leaving states to regulate domestic economic relations.

Question 21

The Civil Rights cases (1883) did what relative to civil rights in the United States?

A) It declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional
B) It sustained broad interpretation of the Civil War Amendments
C) It called for a new civil rights act, though that call would not be answered until the Civil Rights Act of 1957
D) It called for a new civil rights act, though that call would not be answered until the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 22

What three things did the Civil War Amendments give collectively to blacks in America?

A) Freedom, citizenship, and the right to vote
B) Freedom, equality, and fraternity
C) Freedom, non-citizen equality, and the right to register to vote
D) Little, less, and nothing

Question 23

In 1960, approximately what percentage of public schools in the following states had at least one black student attending with at least one white student: Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina?

A) 0 percent
B) 1-25 percent
C) 26-50 percent
D) 51-75 percent

Question 24

Opponents of affirmative action claim that it amounts to ___.

A) reverse discrimination against women
B) reverse discrimination against males
C) reverse discrimination against white males
D) None of the above, since opposition to affirmative action does not exist

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of a women's equal rights activist group?

A) National Organization for Women (NOW)
B) Eagle Forum
C) STOP ERA
D) All of the above

Question 26

What frame did the Women's Movement come out of in the 1960s?

A) One emphasizing free labor, suffrage and contracts
B) One emphasizing equality and civil rights
C) One emphasizing conservative reactionaries
D) One emphasizing liberal progressivism

Question 27

Which of the following is a documented fact that supports the contention that women have made significant strides toward gender equality?

A) In 1970, 4 percent of married women earned more than their husbands. In 2008, 22 percent of working women made more than did their husbands
B) In 1970, women made an average of 52 percent of what men made. In 2008, women made an average of 78 percent of what men made
C) Both of the above options
D) None of the above options

Question 28

In a recent U.S. Census Bureau report approximately what percent of Fortune 500 companies were headed by blacks?

A) a little more than one percent
B) a little more than two percent
C) a little more than three percent
D) a little more than four percent

Question 29

Which one of the following statements is true regarding the working relationship in politics between difference feminists and equality feminists?

A) They always worked together.
B) They joined forces to win women's suffrage in 1920.
C) Equality feminists dominated the women's movement until the 1960s.
D) Difference feminists demanded full equality with men in the economy.

Question 30

Advocates of gay rights with regard to the privileges of marriage have relied primarily on which one of the following constitutional assertions?

A) the "necessary and proper" clause of Article I
B) the "equal protection" and "due process" clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment
C) the "full faith and credit" clause of Article IV
D) the "reserved powers of the states" clause of the Tenth Amendment

Question 31

The Supreme Court's decision in June 2015 had the effect of extending a constitutional right of gay couples to marry to ___.

A) the District of Columbia only
B) federal agencies only
C) U.S. territories only
D) the states

Question 32

In the Supreme Court's majority decision in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that ___.

A) marriage is a "liberty" that cannot be denied to gay couples
B) marriage is a privilege that is to be defined by each state's laws
C) marriage can only be between one man and one woman
D) none of the above

Question 33

The American civil rights revolution _______to overturn white supremacy and colonialism.

A) occurred only in the United States
B) was part of a worldwide process
C) failed to achieve its objectives
D) None of the above, since the American civil rights revolution has nothing to do with white supremacy and colonialism.

Question 34

Blacks resisted enslavement during the ___.

A) earliest colonial times
B) American civil war
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 35

The NAACP and their allies fought against _______in schools and in the broader society.

A) segregation
B) integration
C) amalgamation
D) None of the above

Question 36

In late 1869, the _______was first to give women full citizen rights.

A) state of New York
B) Wyoming Territory
C) state of Pennsylvania
D) Utah territory

Question 37

The history of the women's movement in the United States initiated a broad national in the _______for women's rights of jury service, voting, and office holding.

A) 1860s
B) 1880s
C) 1960s
D) 1980s

Question 38

The #MeToo movement is a social movement against _______of women by men.

A) discrimination in hiring
B) sexual harassment
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

Question 39

The social strain theoretical model focuses on processes that create tension and uncertainty among individuals, which then results in the rise of ___.

A) interest groups
B) social movements
C) political parties
D) business monopolies

Question 40

By building on the theoretical model of resource mobilization, the political process theoretical model reveals the crucial role played by the receptivity of the political system to the success of ___.

A) interest groups
B) social movements
C) political parties
D) business monopolies

Question 41

Which amendments allowed for the Supreme Court to strike down sodomy laws in Lawrence v. Texas (2003)?

A) 9th
B) 11th
C) 10th
D) 14th

Question 42

The American civil rights revolution _______to overturn ___.

A) occurred only in the United States
B) white supremacy and colonialism
C) was part of a worldwide process
D) the military-industrial complex

Question 43

In 2016 the Supreme Court struck down Texas's abortion restrictions that required doctors providing abortions to have ___. The Court declared that the restrictions _______women's constitutional right to seek abortion services.

A) an additional two years of medical training in neo-natal care
B) unduly expanded
C) admitting privileges in nearby hospitals
D) posed an undue burden on

Question 44

Civil liberties promise that government power will be used to ensure that individuals are treated equally.

Question 45

The Roe v. Wade (1973) decision relied on the 14th Amendment.

Question 46

Brown v. Board of Education was the first Supreme Court decision to declare the exclusion of a black student from a public school on account of race to be unconstitutional.

Question 47

Although they would eventually succeed at gaining women's suffrage, Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton failed in their effort to assure that married women could own property and control their own wages.

Question 48

"Dred Scott" is the generic name for all of the laws and practices that enforced segregation of the races in the American South and elsewhere from the end of the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century.

Question 49

In contrast to interest groups, social movements tend to operate within the conventions of society.

Question 50

Some social movements engage in protest behavior that becomes violent.

Question 51

Prior to the Civil War there was a clear difference between civil liberties and civil rights, at least as far as white men were concerned.

Question 52

Unlike abortion and school prayer, the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Obergefell v. Hodges has ended the fight over gay marriage.

Question 53

The American civil rights revolution was part of a worldwide process aimed at overturning white supremacy and colonialism following World War II.

Question 54

Blacks resisted enslavement from the earliest colonial times.

Question 55

In late 1869, the Wyoming Territory was first to give women full citizen rights.

Question 56

Discuss some of the typical obstacles that the #MeToo movement, as a social movement, will face as it seeks to sustain itself for the long haul.

Question 57

Discuss how the four theoretical approaches of social strain, resource mobilization, political process, and social-psychological relate to each in explaining the origins and nature of social movements.

Question 58

Discuss whether the phrase "reverse discrimination" is a meaningful and useful phrase. In your discussion, consider the particular "frame" that must be built to support its use. Do you see any linguistic biases inherent in this phrase?

Question 59

Where does the energy that drives social movements come from?

Question 60

What common theme or "frame" did the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s use to press their demands upon American society?

Question 61

What role did the Supreme Court play in first limiting and then expanding civil rights for blacks?

Question 62

Does affirmative action to assist minorities and women inevitably mean reverse discrimination against white men?

Question 63

What were the similarities and differences between the movements for racial and gender equality?