Deck 2: Healthcare Policy in the United States

Question 1

Which of the following types of health care systems does the United States use?

A) Mostly public
B) Mostly private
C) Socialized
D) Hybrid

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Compared to Western industrialized nations

A) Americans have the lowest infant mortality rates
B) Life expectancy rates are much higher in the U.S. than countries in Europe
C) U.S. has the highest rate of obesity compared to OECD countries
D) U.S. ranks at the top compared to peer countries with respect child health outcomes.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Compared to Western industrialized countries, which of the following statement is false with respect to the United States?

A) U.S. spends the most money on healthcare compared to Western Industrialized
B) American healthcare system is the least expensive
C) U.S. spend more per capita on healthcare
D) U.S. spends higher percentage of its GDP on healthcare

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What accounts for the fact that the United States spends more money of healthcare than any other countries in the world but underperforms on a variety of health system performance indicators like access, equity, and health outcomes?

A) Lack of universal health care
B) Fragmented healthcare system
C) Consumer lifestyle choices
D) All of the Above

Question 5

During the colonial times

A) Diseases were seen as God's punishment to colonists for breaking their covenant with him
B) There a strong link between medicine and theology
C) purging, puking, sweating, and bleeding were commonly used medical treatments
D) all of the above

Question 6

Which of the following was mostly responsible for the establishment of early general hospitals?

A) Military
B) State governments
C) Churches
D) Philanthropic foundations

Question 7

The Flexner Report resulted in which of the following?

A) Proliferation of numerous medical schools
B) Consolidation of medical education
C) Adoption of the Italian model of medicine
D) Establishment of the first general hospital

Question 8

What was a consequence of the rise of the third-party payment system?

A) Increases in the number of visits to physicians
B) Decreases in the incomes of hospitals
C) Decreases in the number of insured people
D) Financial insecurity for hospitals

Question 9

"Moral Hazard" refers to the idea that

A) Third-party payers (health insurance) insulates healthcare consumers from the realities of healthcare costs leading to overconsumption
B) Immoral lifestyle leads to health problems
C) Profit driven insurance industry creates a moral hazard for the government
D) Mixing of religion and politics is unhealthy

Question 10

Congress passed the Sheppard-Towner Act in 1921 under which the federal government

A) Provided federal funds to states for construction of hospitals
B) Established the National Institutes of Health
C) For the first time attempted to establish universal health care
D) Established the first federal grant-in-aid program for local child health clinics

Question 11

During the 1930s, three major developments played a major role in transformation of American medicine. Which of the following was not part of these developments?

A) The start of a third-party payment system with the establishment of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield insurance plans
B) Creation of the universal health insurance system through the Social Security Act
C) Increased emphasis on biomedical research by the federal government
D) Advances in medical technology and the discovery of antibiotics

Question 12

The Medicare/Medicaid programs were created as a result of compromise between different competing proposals. Which of the following is not an example of these proposals?

A) Compulsory health insurance program for the elderly
B) Mandatory dependent coverage for children up to age 26 for all individual and group insurance policies.
C) Voluntary insurance program for physicians' services subsidized through general revenues
D) Expanded means-tested program administered by the states

Question 13

What is the regulatory mechanism created in 1972 to encourage efficient and economical delivery of health care in the Medicare and Medicaid programs?

A) Preferred Provider Organizations
B) Social Health Maintenance Organizations
C) Professional Standards Review Organizations
D) Health Maintenance Organization

Question 14

Why was the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act unpopular?

A) The affluent elderly believed they would shoulder most of the burden
B) It made too drastic of a change to long-term nursing home care
C) Did not cover outpatient prescription drugs
D) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following was not a component of the Health Security Act?

A) Universal coverage through employer mandate
B) Subsidies for poor people and workers without coverage
C) Prospective Payment System
D) Minimum benefits package

Question 16

According to the authors, which of the following is a reason for the failure of the Health Security Act?

A) Monica Lewinsky scandal
B) Decline in the popularity of President Clinton
C) Act did not extend Medicare coverage to long-term nursing home care
D) All of the above

Question 17

What was the Contract with America?

A) Republican ten-point platform
B) Republican plan for governance
C) Republican electoral strategy in the 1994 election campaign
D) All of the above

Question 18

What was one of the first health issues confronting the George W. Bush administration?

A) Abortion Policy
B) Cost of Prescription Drugs
C) Stem Cell Policy
D) State Children's Health Insurance Program

Question 19

Which of the following is a provision of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996?

A) Placed limits on insurance companies' authority to deny coverage
B) Created a new system for classifying illnesses into one of 468 diagnosis-related groups
C) Established certificate-of-need laws
D) All of the above

Question 20

The 1970s and 1980s were characterized by the federal government's efforts to

A) Contain rising healthcare costs
B) Expand healthcare facilities
C) Increase healthcare access
D) All of the above

Question 21

The Nixon administration's efforts to contain rising healthcare costs included all of the following except one. Which is the exception?

A) Establishment of Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs)
B) Development of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
C) Establishment of Diagnostic Related Groupings (DRG's)
D) Requiring states to adopt Certificate-of-Need (CON) laws

Question 22

Major initiative undertaken by the Reagan administration to contain healthcare costs included all of the following except one. Which is the exception?

A) Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act
B) Wage and price freeze
C) Creation of Diagnostic Related Groupings (DRGs) for Medicare reimbursement
D) Use of Medicaid waivers to give states more freedom to experiment with Medicaid program

Question 23

The States Children's Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP) was created during the

A) George W. Bush administration
B) Obama administration
C) Clinton administration
D) Trump administration

Question 24

The political ground was fertile for health care reform after Obama was elected to office because

A) Obama won the popular and electoral vote.
B) of successful mobilization of a new electorate increasing their participation in the voting process.
C) the Democrats had supermajorities in the House and Senate.
D) all of the above.

Question 25

Despite the passing of the Sheppard-Towner Act, the first federal grant-in-aid program for local child health clinics, what was the main reason why many local health departments refused to accept these grants?

A) Opposed by the AMA and local medical societies
B) Increased government regulation
C) Made local public health agencies responsible for the clinics
D) Forced health departments to draft certificates-of-need before clinic construction could begin

Question 26

What was the primarily role of state and local governments during the nineteenth century?

A) Oversight of medical clinics run by public health officials
B) Preventing the spread of communicable diseases
C) Maintaining general hospitals
D) All of the above

Question 27

The Trump administration, upon assuming office reinstated the Mexico City Policy. This policy

A) Makes it illegal to import prescription drugs from Mexico
B) Imposes death penalty for those caught smuggling illegal drugs from Mexico into U.S.
C) Prohibits international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from receiving U.S. funding if they perform or promote abortions
D) All of the above

Question 28

Following the Civil War which of the following helped develop the field of public health?

A) Sanitation revolution
B) Establishment of the Public Health Association leading to professionalization of public health
C) the discovery of the germ theory of disease by Louis Pasteur established an empirical causal link between germs and diseases
D) all of the above

Question 29

Which of the following is false about public health?

A) It focuses its attention on health of the community as a whole
B) It focuses on prevention and spread of diseases in the community as a whole
C) It relies on biologically grounded disciplines and focuses diagnose and treat various illnesses and diseases at individual level
D) Public health is largely a responsibility of the state and local governments

Question 30

The primary mission of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is to

A) Implement Medicaid and Medicare programs
B) protect public health by providing leadership and direction in prevention and control of diseases and responding to public health emergencies
C) ensure the safety of nation's food, animal and human drugs, biological products, and medical devices
Implement the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
D) keep immigrants from entering the United States who might have communicable diseases