Deck 4: Bivariate Description: Crosstabulation, Risk Indexes, and Correlation

Question 1

Another name for a crosstab table is a:

A) Scatterplot
B) Frequency distribution
C) Contingency table
D) Relative risk table

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In a 4 % 3 crosstab table, how many variables would there be?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 7
D) 12

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In a 4 % 3 crosstab table, how many cells would there be?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 7
D) 12

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which measurement scale(s) are most amenable to crosstabulation?

A) Nominal only
B) Nominal and ordinal
C) Nominal, ordinal, and interval
D) Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio

Question 5

A concept often used in connection with the calculation of all risk indexes is:

A) EBP
B) Crosstabulation
C) Exposure to risk
D) Odds

Question 6

The two approaches to expressing amount of risk involve:

A) Exposure and nonexposure
B) Risk and risk reduction
C) Odds and odds ratios
D) Absolute risk and relative risk

Question 7

A widely reported and intuitively appealing risk index for comparing risk outcomes is:

A) Relative risk (RR)
B) Absolute risk (AR)
C) Odds ratio (OR)
D) Number needed to treat (NNT)

Question 8

The value of the RR is close to the value of the OR when:

A) A retrospective case-control design was used
B) Absolute risk reduction is modest
C) Sample size is large
D) Sample size is small

Question 9

Risk indexes such as ARR, RR, OR, and NNT are not appropriate when:

A) The study involves testing the effects of an intervention
B) A prospective (cohort) design comparing risk groups is used
C) The independent and/or dependent variable is not dichotomous
D) The outcome is a nominal-level variable

Question 10

The risk index that corresponds to a cell percentage in a crosstab table is:

A) AR
B) ARR
C) RR
D) RRR

Question 11

When the value of RR is close to 1.0, this means that:

A) The OR and the RR are far apart in value
B) Absolute risk is low
C) Exposure to the risk factor had a large effect on the outcome
D) Exposure versus nonexposure to the risk factor is unrelated to the outcome

Question 12

Pearson's r is an index that communicates:

A) Relative risk
B) Relative risk reduction
C) Correlation between two variables
D) None of the above

Question 13

If a scatterplot has data points that are tightly packed along a diagonal that slopes from the upper left to the lower right of the graph, the correlation between variables is:

A) Strongly positive
B) Weakly positive
C) Strongly negative
D) Weakly negative

Question 14

Product-moment correlation coefficients are used to communicate information about:

A) Risks
B) Intervention effects
C) The magnitude and direction of curvilinear relationships
D) The magnitude and direction of linear relationships

Question 15

Which of the following coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

A) .77
B) -.89
C) .00
D) .50

Question 16

If the value of r between X and Y is .90, what percentage of the variance in Y is explained by X?

A) 0%
B) 45%
C) 81%
D) .90%

Question 17

For which of the following pairs of variables would it make sense to compute a product-moment correlation coefficient?

A) Height and weight
B) Race/ethnicity and height
C) Race/ethnicity and marital status
D) Marital status and weight

Question 18

A researcher found a correlation of -.24 between scores on a self-esteem scale and number of alcoholic drinks consumed in the prior month. What does this mean?

A) People who drank more alcohol had a slight tendency to have higher self-esteem.
B) People who drank more alcohol had a slight tendency to have lower self-esteem.
C) Drinking more alcohol tended to cause lower self-esteem.
D) Having lower self-esteem tended to cause people to drink more alcohol.

Question 19

How many variables are in a correlation matrix with four rows and four columns?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 16
D) It cannot be determined.

Question 20

Which of the following values is likely to appear on the diagonal of a correlation matrix?

A) -1.00
B) .00
C) .10
D) 1.00

Question 21

Questions pertain to the following table (Table 4):

-Refer to Table 4. What percentage of elders in this sample had a fall?

A) 14.3%
B) 20.0%
C) 25.0%
D) 85.7%

Question 22

Questions pertain to the following table (Table 4):

-Refer to Table 4. What numbers are in the denominator for calculating row percentages?

A) 20, 120, 140
B) 10, 10, 20
C) 40, 100, 140
D) 30, 90, 120

Question 23

Questions pertain to the following table (Table 4):

-Refer to Table 4. What percentage of people who fell were not cognitively impaired?

A) 0.0%
B) 10.0%
C) 14.3%
D) 50.0%

Question 24

Questions pertain to the following table (Table 4):

-Refer to Table 4. What was the absolute risk of falling for elders who were cognitively compared?

A) .100
B) .143
C) .250
D) .500

Question 25

Questions pertain to the following table (Table 4):

-Refer to Table 4. In this example, what is the value of ARR?

A) .100
B) .150
C) .250
D) .500