Deck 26: International and World Trade Law

Question 1

Which of the following constitutional provisions give the federal government the authority to regulate foreign affairs?

A)the Due Process Clause and the Double Jeopardy Clause
B)the Supremacy Clause and the Equal Protection Clause
C)the Free Exercise Clause and the Establishment Clause
D)the Foreign Commerce Clause and the Treaty Clause

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Explain the Treaty Clause of the U.S.Constitution.

Answer 2

A treaty is an agreement or a contract between two or more nations that is formally signed by an authorized representative and ratified by the supreme power of each nation.
Article II,Section 2,Clause 2 of the U.S.Constitution-the Treaty Clause-states that the president "shall have power,by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,to make treaties,provided two-thirds of the senators present concur." Under the Treaty Clause,only the federal government can enter into treaties with foreign nations.Under the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution,treaties become part of the "law of the land," and conflicting state or local law is void.The president is the agent of the United States in dealing with foreign countries.

Question 3

Under the Treaty Clause,both the federal government and state governments can enter into treaties with foreign nations.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The ________ doctrine states that judges of one country cannot question the validity of an act committed by another country within that other country's borders.

A)sovereign immunity
B)act of state
C)Colgate
D)Noerr

Question 5

Under the Treaty Clause,the ________ is seen as the agent of the United States in dealing with foreign countries.

A)United Nations (UN)Secretariat
B)U.S.president
C)United Nations (UN)
D)U.S.Senate

Question 6

________ are treaties that are sponsored by international organizations,such as the United Nations (UN).

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of the Treaty Clause?

A)It provides that the president can make treaties autonomously.
B)It provides that the president can enter into treaties with two-thirds senate approval.
C)It provides that the states have exclusive power to regulate internal and foreign affairs.
D)It provides that the federal government has supremacy over the state in matters of international trade.

Question 8

Treaties arranged by international organizations like the United Nations (UN)are known as ________.

A)arraignments
B)easements
C)amendments
D)conventions

Question 9

Under the ________ Clause of the Constitution,treaties become part of the "law of the land," and conflicting state or local law is void.

Question 10

The majority of cases involving international law disputes are heard by ________.

A)the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
B)the World Court
C)national courts
D)the United Nations (UN)

Question 11

Which of the following is codified under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA)?

A)the act of state doctrine
B)the principle of restricted immunity
C)the supremacy clause
D)the choice of forum clause

Question 12

Any state or local law that unduly burdens foreign commerce is considered to be in violation of the Foreign Commerce Clause.

Question 13

The Treaty Clause of the U.S.Constitution designates the president of the United States as its agent to deal with foreign affairs.

Question 14

The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA)________.

A)stipulates the rules for conflict resolution among the DR-CAFTA members
B)endows the president with powers to enter into treaties with foreign nations
C)governs exclusively suits against foreign nations in the United States
D)regulates commerce between the United States and foreign nations

Question 15

A ________ clause in an international contract designates which nation's court has jurisdiction to hear a case arising out of the contract.

A)forum-selection
B)treaty
C)foreign commerce
D)choice of law

Question 16

An agreement between two or more nations that is formally signed by an authorized representative of each nation and ratified by each nation is defined as a(n)________.

A)statute
B)charter
C)treaty
D)arraignment

Question 17

The U.S.Constitution divides the power to regulate foreign affairs equally between the federal and state governments.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true about international law?

A)All legal matters of international importance are prosecuted by a single world court that is responsible for interpreting international law.
B)The enforcement of all international laws is regulated by a unitary world executive branch.
C)There is no single legislative source from which all international laws are created.
D)All countries have to follow the international laws enacted by other countries.

Question 19

If a state enacts a law that increases its tax on imported automobiles but not on American-made automobiles,it violates the ________ Clause of the U.S.Constitution.

A)Equal Protection
B)Foreign Commerce
C)Privileges and Immunities
D)Due Process

Question 20

A(n)________ clause in an international contract designates which nation's laws will be applied in deciding a dispute arising out of the contract.

A)equal protection
B)supremacy
C)forum-selection
D)choice of law

Question 21

Which of the following is a recognized exception to immunity under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA)?

A)the unfair and deceptive trade practice exception
B)the managed trade exception
C)the diversity of citizenship exception
D)the commercial activity exception

Question 22

Many international contracts contain a(n)________ clause that designates which nation's court has jurisdiction to hear a case arising out of a dispute.

Question 23

The Islamic law of Shari'a encourages levying interest on loan payments.

Question 24

The FSIA strictly states that a foreign country is not immune to lawsuits in U.S.courts under any circumstance.

Question 25

The Islamic law system is derived from the Qur'an,the ________ (decisions and sayings of the prophet Muhammad),and reasonings by Islamic scholars.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true about the canons of Christian faith?

A)The Code of Canon Law produced in 1917 is followed by all sects of Christianity today.
B)The Code of Canon Law regulates the conduct of the Church but fails to govern the actions of individual Catholics.
C)The Orthodox churches treat their canons more as guidelines than as laws.
D)The canons remain silent on the legal measures guiding marriage or inheritance.

Question 27

The Beis Din is more a search for the truth than it is an adversarial process.

Question 28

The United States follows the principle of restricted immunity for suits against foreign nations.

Question 29

The ________ Act exclusively governs suits against foreign nations that are brought in federal or state courts in the United States.

Question 30

Throughout Christianity,divine and natural laws have been issued in the form of ________.

A)edicts
B)conventions
C)novations
D)canons

Question 31

The Code of Canon Law of 1983 stipulates the code of conduct to be followed by all Christians around the world.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of the Islamic law of Shari'a?

A)The Shari'a disallows making a reasonable profit from the sale of goods and services.
B)All Islamic countries strictly follow the complete Shari'a to govern all aspects of life.
C)The Shari'a encourages riba through the strict payment and collection of interest on loans within stipulated periods of time.
D)The Shari'a is primarily used in the areas of marriage,divorce,and inheritance and,to a limited degree,criminal law.

Question 33

The canons of Christian faiths provide rules for believers to follow in living their lives and professing their faith.

Question 34

The act of state doctrine is based on the principle that a country has limited authority over what transpires within its own territory.

Question 35

Classical Hindu law is based on ________.

A)civil codes
B)court decisions
C)the works of private scholars
D)canons collectively called riba

Question 36

Classical Hindu law heavily rests on civil codes adopted during the reigns of different kings.

Question 37

A forum-selection clause designates which nation's court has jurisdiction to hear a case arising out of a contract.

Question 38

A choice of law clause is a clause in an international contract that designates which nation's equity principles will be applied in mediating a dispute arising out of a contract.

Question 39

The ________ doctrine is based on the principle that a country has absolute authority over what transpires within its own territory.The doctrine states that judges of one country cannot question the validity of an act committed by another country within that other country's borders.

Question 40

________ prescribes comprehensive and integrated rules of religious,political,and legal life that together form Jewish thought.

A)The Qur'an
B)The Torah
C)Dharmasastra
D)Riba

Question 41

Which of the following is headed by the secretary-general of the United Nations (UN)?

A)the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
B)the Secretariat
C)the Security Council
D)the General Assembly

Question 42

The World Bank ________.

A)is an autonomous agency under the organizational framework of the European Union
B)is an agency that monitors the financial partnerships taking place in the eurozone
C)is primarily responsible for promoting sound monetary,fiscal,and macroeconomic policies in developed countries
D)provides money to developing countries to fund projects for humanitarian purposes and to relieve poverty

Question 43

The ________ is a body that prosecutes cases that nations refer to it as well as cases involving treaties and the United Nations (UN)Charter.

A)Security Council
B)General Assembly
C)International Court of Justice (ICJ)
D)International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 44

The United Nations (UN)Secretariat is headed by the secretary-general of the UN.

Question 45

The International Monetary Fund (IMF)is an example of an autonomous agency that is a part of the UN.

Question 46

The International Court of Justice (ICJ)is composed of 15 judges who serve nine-year terms.

Question 47

The United Nations (UN)does not allow permanent membership of the Security Council to any member nation.

Question 48

The United Nations (UN)secretary-general may refer matters that threaten international peace and security to the Security Council and use his or her office to help solve international disputes.

Question 49

Jewish jurisprudence is administered by the ________,which is a Jewish court consisting of rabbi-judges.

Question 50

What does the act of state doctrine assert?

Question 51

The United Nations (UN)Security Council is composed of all the UN member nations.

Question 52

Which of the following branches of the United Nations (UN)is primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and has authority to use armed force for this purpose?

A)the General Assembly
B)the Secretariat
C)the Security Council
D)the International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Question 53

Laws and regulations that have been adopted by Catholic and other Christian ecclesiastical authorities that relate to internal laws that govern the church and its members are known as ________ law.

Question 54

Which of the following is an example of an autonomous agency of the United Nations (UN)?

A)the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
B)the Security Council
C)the World Trade Organization (WTO)
D)the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)?

A)It is the executive branch of the United Nations (UN)that helps interpret international law.
B)It only hears cases of nations,not of individuals or businesses.
C)It does not have the authority to hear cases involving treaties.
D)It is headed by the secretary-general of the United Nations (UN).

Question 56

A nation can seek redress on behalf of an individual or a business that has a claim against another country in the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

Question 57

The ________ is an international organization created by a multilateral treaty in 1945 to promote social and economic cooperation among nations and to protect human rights.

A)United Nations (UN)
B)League of Nations
C)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
D)World Trade Organization (WTO)

Question 58

The ________ is a staff of persons that administers the day-to-day operations of the United Nations (UN).

A)Council of Ministers
B)Security Council
C)General Assembly
D)Secretariat

Question 59

The secretary-general of the United Nations (UN)is elected by the Security Council.

Question 60

The General Assembly of the United Nations (UN)is ________.

A)a special task committee that addresses the socioeconomic problems of the United States
B)the legislative body of the UN that is composed of all UN member nations
C)a group of 15 member nations that is primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and security
D)an autonomous committee that administers the day-to-day operations of the UN

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true of the European Union (EU)?

A)All issues have to be passed unanimously by EU members to be enforced.
B)Every EU country has adopted the euro as its monetary unit.
C)Customs duties have been eliminated among EU member nations.
D)Customs duties in trade between the EU and the rest of the world have been completely eliminated.

Question 62

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)has eliminated or reduced most of the duties,tariffs,quotas,and other trade barriers among Mexico,the United States,and Canada.

Question 63

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)is a bilateral treaty between the United States and Mexico.

Question 64

The European Union (EU)treaty creates open borders for trade by providing for the free flow of capital,labor,goods,and services among member nations.

Question 65

The ________ is a regional international organization that comprises many countries of Western and Eastern Europe and was created to promote peace and security as well as economic,social,and cultural development.

A)Eastern Bloc
B)Common Market
C)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
D)European Union (EU)

Question 66

The United Nations (UN)________,composed of 15 member nations,is primarily responsible for maintaining international peace and security and has authority to use armed force.

Question 67

A unanimous vote of existing European Union (EU)members is needed to admit a new member country.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)?

A)It consists of representatives from all states located in the United States.
B)It is funded by the Superfund of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act (CERCLA).
C)It promotes sound monetary,fiscal,and macroeconomic policies worldwide by providing assistance to poor countries.
D)It provides one-time grants to needy countries with no terms or conditions attached to the assistance.

Question 69

Only individuals or businesses,not nations,can have cases decided by the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

Question 70

Under the European Union (EU),customs duties have been eliminated among member nations.

Question 71

The European Union Commission has delegated substantial powers to individual member nations to enact legislation and take enforcement actions to ensure compliance with the European Union (EU)treaty.

Question 72

The ________ is a trilateral treaty that has removed or reduced tariffs,duties,quotas,and other trade barriers between the United States,Canada,and Mexico.

A)Western Hemispheric Bloc
B)North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
C)Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)
D)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Question 73

Indonesia,Vietnam,Thailand,and the Philippines are members of the ________.

A)Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
B)Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
C)Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA)
D)North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Question 74

The euro can be used in all countries of the eurozone.

Question 75

The judicial branch of the United Nations (UN)is known as the ________.

Question 76

Ecuador,Algeria,and the United Arab Emirates are members of the ________.

A)North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
B)Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA)
C)Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
D)Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

Question 77

What is the World Bank? What is its function?

Question 78

All United Nations (UN)members are part of the ________,which is the legislative body of the UN.

Question 79

The ________ administers the day-to-day operations of the United Nations (UN).

Question 80

Which of the following statements is true of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?

A)It allows a member country to reinstitute tariffs if an import surge from one of the other nations hurts its economy or workers.
B)It has significantly improved the environment in Mexico due to its strict pollution measures that are mandatory on all member nations.
C)It disallows a NAFTA member from trading with another country without the consent of the other member nations.
D)It has been hailed by economists as a perfect example of a free trade pact.