Deck 15: Corporate Crime and Crimes of the Powerful

Question 1

It was not until the 1920s that probation services everywhere in Britain were provided by salaried, trained specialists rather than by a mixture of professional social workers and well-meaning amateurs.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Why does contemporary surveillance appear to be a paradox?

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

Why have Western societies been radically reversing the institutional response to deviance through processes of decarceration and the use of alternative sanctions in the community?

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

Andrew von Hirsch (1976) proposed that greater consistency and certainty should lie at the centre of the criminal justice system with punishment fitting the crime rather than the person. Which two elements shape this approach?

A)Proportionaility
B)Equality
C)Economics
D)Denunciation
E)Deterrence

Question 5

The idea that an offender´s ability to commit further crimes should be removed is generally referred to as incapacitation. Which of these is advocated?

A)Locking them up
B)Removing offending limbs
C)Sending to the colonies
D)Reforming them
E)Killing them

Question 6

The utilitarian justification of punishment is that the wrong experienced by the offender is outweighed by the compensating good effects for overall human well-being. The avoidance of further crime can be achieved through which three strategies?

A)deterring potential criminals
B)reforming actual criminals
C)rehousing offenders
D)inflicting pain on offenders
E)keeping actual or potential offenders out of circulation

Question 7

In 1970 there were 196,000 prisoners in state and federal prisons in the United States, but by the turn of the century the figure exceeded 2 million and it has been estimated that if current US trends continue, what per cent of all black males born today will spend some of their lives in prison?

A)0.1
B)0.2
C)0.3
D)0.4
E)0.5

Question 8

Those that look to the past to punish crimes already committed are referred to as what?

A)reductivist
B)reactionary
C)representative
D)realist
E)retributivist

Question 9

Those that see the aim of punishment as the prevention of future crimes are generally referred to as what?

A)reductivist
B)reactionary
C)representative
D)realist
E)retributivist

Question 10

One of the strengths of Marxist analysis is that it invites us to think of punishment not as a simple response to crime but as an important element in ordering society

Question 11

How has punishment changed over the centuries?