Deck 12: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

At the beginning of the chapter, a woman who suffers from schizophrenia described her story in her own words. What analogy did she use to describe how this disorder affects her life?

A) She says she lives in an invisible closet where the walls are imprisoning and the darkness is terrifying.
B) She feels as if there is a dark cloud following her everywhere, and like rain clouds she never knows when it will rain on her.
C) Every day she struggles to live her life as normally as she can but she feels like a car with a failing battery, never knowing when she can't get started.
D) The overwhelming feeling of dread she feels is similar to riding a roller coaster every day; she never knows whether she is in for a slow ride up
or a wild ride down.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Schizophrenic disorders are part of the category of mental disorders known as

A) mood disorders.
B) autistic disorders.
C) neurotic disorders.
D) psychotic disorders.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What type of disorder does Harry have if he makes incorrect inferences about reality based on alterations in his perceptions, thoughts, or consciousness, and believes that these inferences are real?

A) a mood disorder
B) a neurotic disorder
C) a psychotic disorder
D) an adjustment disorder

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What term is used for behaviors that were formerly called "madness", "lunacy", or "insanity"?

A) anxiety disorders
B) neurotic disorders
C) schizoid disorders
D) psychotic disorders

Question 5

All of the following are symptoms for psychotic disorder except:

A) disorganized behavior
B) hallucinations
C) disorganized speech
D) depression

Question 6

Delusions and hallucinations do not always indicate the presence of a psychotic disorder. Which of the following is not a condition where this would occur?

A) effects of medication
B) stress-induced inoculation
C) reduced oxygen to the brain
D) vitamin deficiencies

Question 7

People with schizophrenia who actually kill themselves have similar characteristics to people who do not have schizophrenia. However, they have additional characteristics. Which of the following would not be considered as an additional characteristic?

A) college-educated
B) fearful of further mental disintegration
C) hallucinations are not visual
D) nondelusional view of the future

Question 8

Why do schizophrenic disorders have such a large financial impact on the health care system?

A) These disorders have a high prevalence rate.
B) Antipsychotic medications are very expensive.
C) The disorder often leads to severe and permanent disabilities.
D) Diagnosing these disorders requires extensive diagnostic tests.

Question 9

In comparison to most people who commit suicide, people with schizophrenia have certain characteristics that do not occur as often in others. Which of these people best represents someone with schizophrenia who is likely to commit suicide?

A) Carl who is young, college-educated, and has a nondelusional negative view of his future
B) Frank who is 65 years old, dropped out of high school, and has several bizarre delusions
C) Vince who is 45 years old, never attended school, and has a non-chronic form of schizophrenia
D) Alicia who is 40 years old, a high school graduate, and experiences auditory hallucinations almost every day

Question 10

An epidemiologist is conducting research on patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The research is designed to determine what problems occur
at elevated rates among people with this diagnosis. When the data are analyzed, what will they show occurs at higher rates among people with schizophrenia compared to the general population?

A) anorexia
B) suicide attempts
C) mental retardation
D) loss of immunological functioning

Question 11

Cecilia believes her thoughts are broadcast straight from her mind through electrical appliances so everyone around can hear them. This delusional belief is most likely part of which DSM-IV-TR diagnosis?

A) schizophrenia
B) mood disorder
C) adjustment disorder
D) personality disorder

Question 12

As part of a course in Abnormal Psychology, each student must play the role of a famous figure in the history of abnormal behavior. You have been given the name Eugene Bleuler. You must create a title for a brief presentation. Which of these titles would be best suited for this presentation?

A) "The group of schizophrenias"
B) "The genetic bases for schizophrenia"
C) "The early, child-rearing roots of schizophrenia"
D) "Brain damage as the root cause of schizophrenia"

Question 13

What types of symptoms distinguish the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia from other subtypes of schizophrenia?

A) motor
B) cognitive
C) emotional
D) neurological

Question 14

What diagnosis is most commonly given to patients with a schizophrenic disorder on their first admission to a psychiatric hospital?

A) paranoid type
B) catatonic type
C) disorganized type
D) undifferentiated type

Question 15

Which type of schizophrenia is characterized by psychomotor disturbances?

A) residual
B) paranoid
C) catatonic
D) disorganized

Question 16

What statement provides an explanation as to why the classification by subtype for schizophrenia is only moderately stable over the course of the illness because symptoms seem to shift from positive symptoms to negative symptoms.

A) The changes may be associated with neurological impairment.
B) The changes are associated in a build up of tolerance for the medication.
C) The changes are a result in improvement in treatment technique.
D) Deterioration in behavior is altered due to newer medications.

Question 17

Delusions, sustained suspiciousness, and delusional thinking are associated with:

A) catatonic schizophrenia
B) disorganized schizophrenia
C) paranoid schizophrenia
D) schizoaffective disorder

Question 18

During Mike's clinical interview, the psychologist found that his delusional thinking was well-defined and integrated through various systems. His behavior was not well-integrated. His diagnosis would be:

A) paranoid schizophrenia
B) catatonic schizophrenia
C) delusional disorder
D) disorganized schizophrenia

Question 19

Which of the following can produce paranoid thinking even if no disorder is present?

A) drugs
B) aging
C) brain damage
D) All of the above can produce paranoid thinking even if no disorder is present.

Question 20

Psychomotor disturbance, refusing to speak, and waxy flexibility are symptoms of:

A) residual schizophrenia
B) disorganized schizophrenia
C) catatonic schizophrenia
D) paranoid schizophrenia

Question 21

Waxy flexibility is characterized by

A) disordered speech.
B) extreme immobility.
C) psychomotor agitation.
D) emotional ambivalence.

Question 22

A patient's medical history indicates that he has a diagnosis of catatonic schizophrenia. Which of the following symptoms is likely to occur in this patient?

A) stupor
B) narcolepsy
C) nightmares
D) dissociative fugue

Question 23

Incoherence in expression, flat affect, aimless behavior, and childish disregard for social norms are symptoms of:

A) paranoid schizophrenia
B) disorganized schizophrenia
C) catatonic schizophrenia
D) None of the above.

Question 24

Maria receives a diagnosis of schizophrenic disorder of the residual type. What does this mean?

A) Maria had previously met the criteria for schizophrenia but no longer has prominent positive symptoms.
B) Maria had previously met the criteria for schizophrenia but no longer has prominent negative symptoms.
C) Maria's condition has worsened.
D) Maria is in a transitory phase and needs re-evaluated.

Question 25

Seven years ago Alan was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia. At the current time he is not exhibiting or reporting any signs of the disorder.
What is the likely diagnosis at this time?

A) residual
B) hebephrenic
C) disorganized
D) undifferentiated

Question 26

Henry's behavior is active but aimless. He refuses to wear clothes, uses silly mannerisms, eats with his fingers, and urinates in public places. Henry's behaviors are most consistent with which type of schizophrenic disorder?

A) residual
B) catatonic
C) disorganized
D) undifferentiated

Question 27

Max's activity sometimes slows to a point that he appears frozen in bizarre, uncomfortable-looking postures. He maintains these positions for
hours, says nothing, and stares straight ahead. These behaviors are most consistent with which type of schizophrenia?

A) paranoid
B) catatonic
C) disorganized
D) undifferentiated

Question 28

What are "positive" symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) socially valued symptoms
B) genetic markers for the disease
C) behaviors experienced as enjoyable
D) distortions or excesses of normal functions

Question 29

What term is used for faulty interpretations of reality that cannot be shaken despite clear evidence to the contrary?

A) delusions
B) fantasies
C) hallucinations
D) defense mechanisms

Question 30

________ occur in the early stages of schizophrenia while __________ are more prominent in the later stages of schizophrenia.

A) Positive symptoms; hallucinations
B) Positive symptoms; negative symptoms
C) Negative symptoms; delusions
D) Negative symptoms; positive symptoms

Question 31

John believes there are special messages to him in the sports section of the daily newspaper. His friends and family notice nothing unusual about these columns, and John's belief is not shaken despite numerous calls to the newspaper editor about his concerns. How would a psychologist describe John's belief?

A) delusion
B) hallucination
C) loose associations
D) disorganized speech

Question 32

Compared to delusions that occur in other disorders, delusions that occur in schizophrenia tend to

A) contain bizarre content.
B) involve stronger convictions.
C) occur more frequently each day.
D) respond more effectively to medication.

Question 33

A client at the mental hospital believes certain gestures or comments, song lyrics, and passages in books are specifically intended for him. Based
on this description, which of the following terms is likely to appear in the
written description of the client's symptoms?

A) bizarre
B) negative
C) referential
D) hallucinatory

Question 34

Which of these individuals presents evidence suggesting a bizarre delusion?

A) Iris who believes people are persecuting her
B) Harry who believes his food has been poisoned
C) John who believes he is an extremely important person
D) Karen who believes her thoughts are externally controlled

Question 35

Which of these individuals could be described as exhibiting a referential delusion?

A) Alice who believes her food is being poisoned
B) George who believes he is an extremely important person
C) Harold who believes that newspaper headlines are about him
D) John who believes that someone is inserting thoughts in his mind

Question 36

The delusions that sometimes accompany mania most typically involve the belief that the individual is

A) persecuted.
B) rotting away.
C) loved by a celebrity.
D) an extremely important person.

Question 37

Which of the following is not a bizarre delusion?

A) Others are removing thought from the person's mind.
B) Everyone can hear the person's thoughts.
C) A "voice" is telling the person what to do.
D) An external force is controlling the person's thoughts.

Question 38

What term describes projections of internal impulses or experiences onto perceptual images in the external world?

A) delusion
B) hallucination
C) externalization
D) negative symptom

Question 39

What characteristic of the experience of hallucinations in persons during a psychotic episode sets it apart from the experience of hallucinations during a high fever or under the influence of drugs?

A) People with schizophrenia are experiencing dissociation.
B) The experience of schizophrenia makes the person delirious.
C) People with schizophrenia experience hallucinations in a clear, conscious state.
D) The disorder of schizophrenia makes the experience pleasurable as a result of the lack of reality contact.

Question 40

Mark has a high fever, and he hears voices saying his brother is in danger and needs his help. What term would a psychiatrist use to describe Mark's symptom?

A) delusion
B) hallucination
C) paranoid reaction
D) catatonic response

Question 41

Ideas that shift from one topic to another in a seemingly unrelated way are often apparent in a type of disordered speech called

A) delusional thinking.
B) referential thinking.
C) poverty of content.
D) loosening of associations.

Question 42

When asked to explain the meaning of the saying "strike while the iron is hot," a patient with the diagnosis of schizophrenia responds, "it means don't iron over your hands and don't strike anybody before you cast the first stone." This type of response is an example of

A) delusional thinking.
B) thought broadcasting.
C) an olfactory hallucination.
D) loosening of associations.

Question 43

Loosening of associations and perseverative speech are examples of

A) delusions.
B) hallucinations.
C) disordered speech.
D) attributional errors.

Question 44

The repetition of words or phrases by inserting them in subsequent statements is called:

A) disordered speech
B) perseverative speech
C) disorganized speech
D) incoherent speech

Question 45

A patient's chart indicates that he has exhibited a symptom called disorganized behavior. When you see this patient, what would you expect to observe?

A) rambling, unconnected speech
B) a high level of joy and happiness
C) failure to respond to social stimuli
D) unpredictable behavior not related to the surroundings

Question 46

Emil has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He is prone to sudden, unpredictable, inexplicable outbursts of anger, which causes him to walk in a circle. This is an example of:

A) catatonic behavior
B) disorganized behavior
C) bizarre behavior
D) hallucinations

Question 47

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) behavior deficits
B) signs of recovery
C) delusions and hallucinations
D) indications of a patient's bad attitude

Question 48

Which set of symptoms of schizophrenia consists of negative symptoms?

A) delusions, disordered thinking, flat effect
B) flattened affect, poverty of speech, lack of directedness
C) bizarre behavior, monotonous voice, slow speech
D) flat affect, hallucinations, and slowed movements

Question 49

Compared to positive symptoms of schizophrenia, negative symptoms appear to be more closely associated with

A) manipulation.
B) delusional thinking.
C) birth complications.
D) genetic predisposition.

Question 50

Which of the following is a schizophrenic spectrum disorder?

A) paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder and paranoid personality disorder
C) histrionic personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder
D) dependent personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder

Question 51

Twenty years ago, Frank was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia. Today he continues to suffer the symptoms of this disorder. Frank's diagnosis places his family members at higher risk for

A) alcoholism.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) major depression.
D) schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 52

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders:

A) share some of the characteristics with schizophrenia but do not meet the full criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The spectrum disorders include specific personality disorders.
B) share many symptoms and etiological factors with several other Axis I disorders.
C) include genetic, environmental and social components.
D) are the more serious schizophrenic disorders and have a poor prognosis.

Question 53

Which of the following personality disorders would share some characteristics with schizophrenia and be included with schizophrenic spectrum disorders?

A) schizoid, paranoid, borderline
B) schizotypal, paranoid, schizoid
C) borderline, schizotypal, schizoid
D) borderline, paranoid, schizoid

Question 54

As part of a debate on the etiology of schizophrenia, two teams of students are preparing their sides by carefully checking the literature. You have been assigned to the side that will argue that genetic factors are not the only ones involved. Which of the following might you want to use during the debate?

A) Dopamine is the neurotransmitter most often cited as playing a role in schizophrenia.
B) The concordance rate for dizygotic twins is less than then the concordance rate for monozygotic twins.
C) Most mental health professionals do not believe there is any cure for schizophrenia, although there might be some recovery.
D) The risk of development of schizophrenia is correlated with the closeness of the genetic relationship.

Question 55

What is an index case in genetic studies?

A) a person with the disorder under study
B) a description of prototypical symptoms
C) a family member of the person under study
D) the ancestor to whom a disorder can be traced

Question 56

A Mendelian pattern of heredity is associated with which model of genetic transmission?

A) polygenic
B) monogenic
C) diathesis-stress
D) multifactorial polygenic

Question 57

Which genetic model seems to be the best fit to the findings from genetic research on schizophrenia?

A) polygenic
B) Mendelian
C) monogenic
D) multifactorial polygenic

Question 58

The __________ model in schizophrenia is a model in which one gene pair is all that is needed to determine a particular characteristic. The _______ model assumes several gene pairs must interact to produce a trait.

A) multifactorial; polygenic
B) monogenic; polygenic
C) monogenic; multifactorial
D) polygenic; monogenic

Question 59

Which of the following individuals has an elevated risk for developing schizophrenia?

A) Ray who was born in March in an urban area
B) Yul who was born in January in an urban area
C) Sandra who was born in August in a rural area
D) Brenna who was born in October in an urban area

Question 60

Why are babies born between January through March believed to have an elevated risk for developing schizophrenia?

A) There is an increased risk for influenza and other viral diseases.
B) Rapidly changing temperatures can adversely affect the developing fetus.
C) The winter months are associated with an increase in the number of falls.
D) The stress of weather and an increase in depression following the holiday season makes pregnant women more susceptible to dietary changes that affect their baby.

Question 61

You are going to a lecture on new data on the etiology of schizophrenia. Which of the following is likely to be the specific topic of the presentation?

A) "Dopamine is still the key"
B) "The neurodevelopmental model"
C) "Schizophrenia as a failure of the immune system"
D) "How early stress impacts the development of schizophrenia"

Question 62

Some researchers now believe that one of the keys to the development of schizophrenia lies in the process of synaptic pruning? Which of the following illustrates this term?

A) High levels of dopamine reduce the number of dendrites in the brain.
B) Neurons selectively reduce the number of branches of their dendrites.
C) Antipsychotic drugs may reduce schizophrenic symptoms but they also adversely affect the number of dendrites.
D) Destruction of certain neural pathways make it possible for the brain to experience hallucinations that occurs in schizophrenia.

Question 63

Why do scientists believe that the process of synaptic pruning occurs?

A) In order for the brain cells to fit within the skull cavity, some neurons must be sacrificed.
B) This process aids the brain in handling the explosive growth of information to which children are exposed.
C) The only way for the brain to stay young is to discard some of the older neurons that have developed over time.
D) As a child is exposed to stimuli, he or she becomes overwhelmed and the brain compensates by reducing the total number of brain connections.

Question 64

The possibility that something goes wrong with prenatal development is supported by the findings that compared to people without schizophrenia, those with schizophrenia are more likely to have

A) slanted and crossed eyes.
B) a very small tongue and a very large forehead.
C) excessive ridges in the forehand and widely spaced eyes.
D) unusual spacing of tear ducts and a highly arched palate.

Question 65

What is the single best piece of evidence to illustrate the likelihood that schizophrenia is not entirely due to heredity?

A) Antipsychotic drugs work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain.
B) The major symptoms of schizophrenia are delusions and hallucinations.
C) Disorders such as schizoaffective disorder suggest that this disorder does breed pure.
D) Half of the co-twins of monozygotic twins with schizophrenia do not develop schizophrenia.

Question 66

Scanning techniques have shown that some people with schizophrenic disorders have significantly larger

A) cerebellums.
B) corpus collosums.
C) cerebral ventricles.
D) frontal cortex areas.

Question 67

A group of psychologists has collected a series of videotapes of young children, some of which grew up to be normal and others were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia. They give the tapes to a group of professionals and ask them to identify the ones who develop schizophrenia. Which of the following signs would be helpful in making this distinction?

A) aggressive movements and tics
B) muscular twitches and poor posture
C) total number of words used and physical size
D) responsiveness to others and amount of eye contact

Question 68

Why are antipsychotic drugs effective in the treatment of schizophrenia?

A) They block dopamine receptors.
B) They increase reuptake of dopamine.
C) They decrease production of dopamine.
D) They change the chemical makeup of dopamine.

Question 69

Schizophrenia has been hypothesized to be related to an excess of

A) GABA.
B) serotonin.
C) dopamine.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 70

What is assortative mating?

A) genetic pairing on the locus
B) Mendelian patterns of inheritance
C) tendency to marry someone similar to oneself
D) tendency for recessive genes to disappear over several generations

Question 71

What type of people are studied in high-risk research on schizophrenia?

A) young adults in stressful inner-city environments
B) chronically hospitalized patients with the disorder
C) schizophrenics who do not respond to medication
D) children with a strong family history of the disorder

Question 72

Prospective studies of children at high risk for schizophrenia show that compared to children who do not develop the disorder, children who develop the disorder show greater problems with

A) verbal fluency.
B) impaired attention.
C) visual-spatial mapping.
D) coordination and balance.

Question 73

Why have so many studies of schizophrenia been conducted in Denmark?

A) Denmark maintains excellent national records.
B) The Danes have an exceptionally high rate of the disorder.
C) The people of Denmark are especially aware of environmental risks.
D) The country has a connection to the disorder due to Hamlet's illness.

Question 74

An attentional error that is observed both in people diagnosed with schizophrenia and in the undiagnosed relatives of these patients is probably a

A) positive symptom.
B) negative symptom.
C) trait-linked deficiency.
D) state-linked deficiency.

Question 75

The deficiencies in information processing exhibited by individuals with schizophrenia are most evident when engaged in a challenging task in the presence of

A) music.
B) distracters.
C) other patients.
D) evidence of expressed emotion.

Question 76

What is the focus of current psychophysiological research on schizophrenia?

A) delusions
B) flat affect
C) social withdrawal
D) attentional deficits

Question 77

The Continuous Performance Test is a measure of

A) motor skills.
B) social aptitude.
C) visual attention.
D) verbal intelligence.

Question 78

What is an example of something a research participant would be asked to do in a study using the Continuous Performance Task?

A) visually follow a slow-swinging pendulum
B) identify the color ink in which a word is presented
C) press a button only when a certain picture appears
D) put a mark on a line to indicate strength of an emotion

Question 79

What is the greatest limitation in doing ordinary prospective research on the development of schizophrenia?

A) reliance on hospital records
B) low incidence of schizophrenia
C) difficulty in diagnosing schizophrenia
D) biased ratings of schizophrenic behaviors

Question 80

Which task might a research participant be asked to perform in a study of smooth-pursuit eye movements?

A) watch a movie
B) watch a pendulum swing
C) read a nonsensical sentence
D) make eye contact with another person