Deck 6: Political Participation

Question 1

Citizenship refers to:

A) participation in or membership in a community.
B) state sponsored classification of people residing in a geographic area.
C) to political participation via Internet has resulted in new forms of participation.
D) all of the above.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Who conducted one of the first major studies of citizenship in political sociology?

A) Talcott Parsons
B) T.H. Marshall
C) Bryan Turner
D) Seymour Martin Lipset

Answer 2

B

Question 3

T.H. Marshall argued democracy and capitalism were incompatible for which reason?

A) capitalism requires competition and democracy emphasizes cooperation.
B) capitalism succeeds only in a context where those who command resources are deemed worthy and democracy assumes an equal distribution of power
C) capitalism is defined mainly by profit that leads to influence and democracy requires cooperation and free access
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Turner (1993) extended T.H. Marshall's theory of citizenship by suggesting citizenship as more than just political practices and to include _________ practices.

A) cultural
B) social
C) religious
D) economic

Question 5

Pluralist view political participation as:

A) dominated by capitalists through their ability to control decision-making, allocation of resources, and public policy.
B) as limited to small group of power elite.
C) new cultural and political identities that have shaped new forms of political participation.
D) comprised of mass participation and interest group vying for political power.

Question 6

Which perspective views political participation as comprised of mass participation and interest group vying for political power?

A) elite-managerial
B) postmodern
C) pluralist
D) class

Question 7

The idea that political participation by participants of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s helped redistribute power in the U.S. based on race is a good example of what perspective?

A) elite-managerial
B) postmodern
C) pluralist
D) class

Question 8

According to pluralist who have studied the transformation citizenship and political participation in democratic societies such as the U.S., which of the following best summarizes the dangers of excessive interest-group liberalism for democratic societies?

A) tendency to turn control over to leaders.
B) decline in civic participation that challenges systems of privilege.
C) preservation of the status quo.
D) all of the above.

Question 9

Elite-managerial perspective views political participation as:

A) dominated by capitalists through their ability to control decision-making, allocation of resources, and public policy.
B) as limited to small group of power elite.
C) new cultural and political identities that have shaped new forms of political participation.
D) comprised of mass participation and interest group vying for political power.

Question 10

Which perspective views political participation as limited to small group of power elite who have the ability to shape and enforce policy, who can allocate societal resources, and who have a seat at the table to make important decisions?

A) elite-managerial
B) postmodern
C) pluralist
D) class

Question 11

Dahrendorf's argment that politics in comprised of organizations and groups competing and conflict for scarce resources best fits with which perspective?

A) elite-managerial
B) postmodern
C) pluralist
D) class

Question 12

The class perspective views political participation as:

A) dominated by capitalists through their ability to control decision-making, allocation of resources, and public policy.
B) as limited to small group of power elite.
C) new cultural and political identities that have shaped new forms of political participation.
D) comprised of mass participation and interest group vying for political power.

Question 13

Which perspective views political participation as dominated by capitalists through their ability to control decision-making, allocation of resources, and public policy?

A) elite-managerial
B) postmodern
C) pluralist
D) class

Question 14

Which perspective views political participation as individuals and groups actively gauging the costs and benefits of participating or not participating?

A) rational choice
B) postmaterialist
C) postmodern
D) institutionalist

Question 15

Which perspective views political participation as new cultural and political identities that have shaped new forms of political participation?

A) rational choice
B) postmaterialist
C) postmodern
D) institutionalist

Question 16

Postmodern approaches view participation as:

A) dominated by capitalists through their ability to control decision-making, allocation of resources, and public policy.
B) as limited to small group of power elite.
C) new cultural and political identities that have shaped new forms of political participation.
D) comprised of mass participation and interest group vying for political power.

Question 17

In his typology of postmodern personalities, Zygmant Bauman all of the following except:

A) the stroller
B) the vagabond
C) the rationalist
D) the player

Question 18

According to Zygmant Bauman's typology of postmodern personalities, _________ is the nomad who finds no particular social identity upon which to land or settle.

A) the stroller
B) the vagabond
C) the tourist
D) the player

Question 19

According to Zygmant Bauman's typology of postmodern personalities, _________ seeks out social lives as a way to experience new or different things.

A) the stroller
B) the vagabond
C) the tourist
D) the player

Question 20

According to Zygmant Bauman's typology of postmodern personalities, _________ is about being strategic in how the social game itself is played.

A) the stroller
B) the vagabond
C) the tourist
D) the player

Question 21

Which theorist was interested in understanding how advanced capitalism distorts traditional notions of democracy?

A) Bauman
B) Milbrath
C) Habermas
D) Olsen

Question 22

The ________ typology of political participation suggests political participation relates to the resources, knowledge, and intention of the individual.

A) Bauman
B) Milbrath
C) Habermas
D) Olsen

Question 23

The ________ typology takes a more rational choice perspective arguing individuals are motivated to participate politically by individual goals and desire outcomes.

A) Bauman
B) Milbrath
C) Verba and Nie
D) Olsen

Question 24

The ________ typology examines the position of certain individuals and groups in a hierarchy affords either more or less opportunity to influence the political domain.

A) Bauman
B) Milbrath
C) Verba and Nie
D) Olsen

Question 25

_________ and _________ are the two forms of political participation identified by political sociologists.

A) institutional; noninstitutional
B) material; postmaterial
C) traditional; radical
D) conventional; fundamental

Question 26

People who engage in campaigning and canvassing most likely hold at least one of the following characteristics except:

A) older citizens
B) loyal party members
C) highly educated
D) young citizens

Question 27

All of the following are considered non-institutional forms of political participation except:

A) protest
B) terrorism
C) graffiti
D) lobbying

Question 28

Although often written off as vandalism and possible criminal, ________ can be a tool of protest or it can communicate with others and display political values and ideologies.

A) demonstrations
B) terrorism
C) graffiti
D) riots

Question 29

________ capture the anger and disappointment that aggrieved populations have over policy or the state of current affairs.

A) demonstrations
B) terrorism
C) graffiti
D) riots

Question 30

________ refers to the unconventional and often collective action-taken to show disapproval of, and the need for change in, some policy or condition.

A) protest
B) terrorism
C) graffiti
D) riots

Question 31

Protest demonstrations include all of the following tactics except:

A) sit-ins
B) rallies
C) pickets
D) lobbying

Question 32

Political sociologists have identified which of the following with explaining individual participation in protest?

A) social networks
B) connections to work
C) identity
D) all of the above

Question 33

_________ refers to a broad spectrum of political actions related to things such as revolutions, strikes, wars, social movements, and coups d'etats.

A) demonstrations
B) political violence
C) social protest
D) contentious politics

Question 34

_________ refers to how connected individuals are in modern society and what implications this lack of connectedness would have on democratic processes.

A) social psychology
B) social capital
C) community
D) bowling alone

Question 35

__________ refers to the social relationships that connect people to one another and that act as lines of communication, trust, and group identity.

A) social psychology
B) social capital
C) community
D) bowling alone

Question 36

_________ conceptualizes social capital as the by-products of social interaction left by group memberships and ties between individuals that can then be transformed into social currency to be exchanged.

A) Bourdieu
B) Coleman
C) Putnam
D) Knoke

Question 37

_________ conceptualizes social capital focuses on three processes relevant to civic engagement: transformation, fields, and stratification.

A) Bourdieu
B) Coleman
C) Putnam
D) Knoke

Question 38

According to T.S. Marshall, citizenship of the late 20^th century has transformed by the tension between capitalism and democracy.

Question 39

Pluralist have grown concerned over a continued move toward liberalism that results in breakdown of social institutions, transfer of power to leaders, and weakening civic engagement.

Question 40

Pluralists view mass political participation as a form of tokenism and a way to appease disgruntled or aggrieved populations threatening or challenging the elite.

Question 41

Postmodernist view participation as comprised of mass participation and interest group vying for political power.

Question 42

Elite-managerial perspective views political participation as limited to small group of power elite.

Question 43

Rational choice theory views political participation as individuals and groups actively gauging the costs and benefits of participating or not participating.

Question 44

Rational choice views political participation as new cultural and political identities that have shaped new forms of political participation

Question 45

The Milbrath typology of political participation suggests political participation relates to the resources, knowledge, and intention of the individual.

Question 46

Research suggests that individuals likely to engage in political discourse are more likely to become politically active.

Question 47

The use of violence or the threat of the use of violence can help achieve favorable political outcomes for protesting groups.

Question 48

Zukin et al (2006) argue that political participation in the United State is in decline across all forms of participation.

Question 49

According to political sociologists, citizenship has both ________ and _________ aspects.

Question 50

_________ view political participation as comprised of mass participation and interest group vying for political power.

Question 51

_________ perspective views political participation as limited to small group of power elite.

Question 52

_________ perspective views political participation as dominated by capitalists through their ability to control decision-making, allocation of resources, and public policy.

Question 53

According to Zygmant Bauman's typology of postmodern personalities, _________ is someone who perhaps is oriented by superficial things, especially related to
fashion or looks.

Question 54

_________ and _________ are the two forms of political participation identified by political sociologists.

Question 55

The ________ typology of political participation suggests political participation relates to the resources, knowledge, and intention of the individual.

Question 56

The ________ typology takes a more rational choice perspective arguing individuals are motivated to participate politically by individual goals and desire outcomes.

Question 57

The ________ typology examines the position of certain individuals and groups in a hierarchy affords either more or less opportunity to influence the political domain.

Question 58

_________ is the most common institutional form of political participation.

Question 59

_________ is an often overlooked institutional form of political participation in an everyday life.

Question 60

________ capture the anger and disappointment that aggrieved populations have over policy or the state of current affairs.

Question 61

_________ refers to a broad spectrum of political actions related to things such as revolutions, strikes, wars, social movements, and coups d'etats.

Question 62

__________ refers to the social relationships that connect people to one another and that act as lines of communication, trust, and group identity.

Question 63

_________ refers to how connected individuals are in modern society and what implications this lack of connectedness would have on democratic processes.

Question 64

In what ways has democratic participation declined in the US? How has it increased?

Question 65

Why do people participate in politics? When do people participate in politics? How does this shed light on the problems of "why" people participate?

Question 66

How do political leaders help mobilize and encourage participation in electoral politics? How do political leaders hinder the mobilization and discourage participation in electoral politics?

Question 67

How do the authors define citizenship?

Question 68

What explains individual participation in protests and demonstrations?

Question 69

What is political participation, and how do we measure it?

Question 70

What's happening to political participation in the United States?

Question 71

All forms of participation (expressive, communal, digital, and unconventional) constitutes grassroots democracy - in other words, we need people to be involved - the challenge is face-to-face, communal forms are what have constituted measures and signs of our democratic health. How many of you have done the following (go down list)? How many of you prefer expressive over communal forms of participation?

Question 72

What do you think are the consequences of changes in political participation behavior in the United States?

Question 73

Describe the various components of T.S. Marshall's idea of citizenship and how its changed over the last 200 hundred years.

Question 74

Compare and contrast two of the three typologies of political participation discussed in chapter six.

Question 75

what ways has the Internet and e-politics affected political participation?

Question 76

Describe Zygmant Bauman's typology of postmodern personalities: the stroller, the vagabond, the tourist, and the player. These personalities are useful for understanding contemporary forms of political participation that postmodern theorists argue emerged during the 1960s and today dominant how and why people participate in politics. Using this typology, try to think of the many ways this typology helps capture and explain why political participation (such as voting) in the United States have steadily declined over the last 40 years. How do the other theoretical perspectives (pluralist, elite, class, and rational choice) shed light on this same phenomenon of a decline in political participation?

Question 77

How does social capital help explain why you hold the political opinions, attitudes, and values? How about for explaining your political participation record?

Question 78

How has political participation changed over the last forty years?

Question 79

How does social capital help explain why you hold the political opinions, attitudes, and values? How about for explaining your political participation record?